木槿的发育可塑性及种下分类研究

对紫花单瓣木槿、紫花重瓣木槿和牡丹木槿在叶和花部性状上的发育可塑性研究表明,三个种下类群,特别是紫花单瓣木槿和牡丹木槿的叶片性状具有很大的发育可塑性,但花部性状的发育可塑性则相对很小,暗示着花部性状较叶片性状具有更大的分类价值。通过种下类群间表型性状的比较,发现牡丹木槿在叶缘、叶柄长度、花色、花冠直径、花梗长度、果实长宽比等性状上都与其它两个类群存在显著差异,从而建议将牡丹木槿确立为亚种(H. syriacus Linn. subsp. paeoniflorus (Gagnep.)G. R. Shi)     

木槿属植物染色体倍性与花粉粒、叶片气孔器性状的关系

测定了木槿属植物裂瓣槿(Hibiscus schizopetalus (Masters)．Hook．f.)、木芙蓉(H.mutabilis L.)和扶桑(H.rosa-sinensis L．)及扶桑的3个栽培变种重虹中玫槿(H．rosa-sinensis L．cv．Double Rainbow)、橙黄中玫槿(H.rosa-sinensis L.cv．Flavo-plenus)、洋红中玫槿(H.rosa-sinensis L.cv．Carminatus)的气孔器长度、宽度和保卫细胞叶绿体数目以及花粉粒大小。结果表明,气孔器长度、宽度和保卫细胞叶绿体数目以及花粉粒大小均与染色体数目和倍性存在正相关关系,可作为鉴定木槿属植物倍性的参考指标。扶桑及其3个栽培变种的花粉粒大小都有较大的变化范围,探讨了这种现象与木槿属植物多倍体起源的关系。     

Is nectar reabsorption restricted by the stalk cells of floral and extrafloral nectary trichomes?

Reabsorption is a phase of nectar dynamics that occurs concurrently with secretion; it has been described in floral nectaries that exude nectar through stomata or unicellular trichomes, but has not yet been recorded in extrafloral glands. Apparently, nectar reabsorption does not occur in multicellular secretory trichomes (MST) due to the presence of lipophilic impregnations – which resemble Casparian strips – in the anticlinal walls of the stalk cells. It has been assumed that these impregnations restrict solute movement within MST to occur unidirectionally and exclusively by the symplast, thereby preventing nectar reflux toward the underlying nectary tissues. We hypothesised that reabsorption is absent in nectaries possessing MST. The fluorochrome lucifer yellow (LYCH) was applied to standing nectar of two floral and extrafloral glands of distantly related species, and then emission spectra from nectary sections were systematically analysed using confocal microscopy. Passive uptake of LYCH via the stalk cells to the nectary tissues occurred in all MST examined. Moreover, we present evidence of nectar reabsorption in extrafloral nectaries, demonstrating that LYCH passed the stalk cells of MST, although it did not reach the deepest nectary tissues. Identical (control) experiments performed with neutral red (NR) demonstrated no uptake of this stain by actively secreting MST, whereas diffusion of NR did occur in plasmolysed MST of floral nectaries at the post‐secretory phase, indicating that nectar reabsorption by MST is governed by stalk cell physiology. Interestingly, non‐secretory trichomes failed to reabsorb nectar. The role of various nectary components is discussed in relation to the control of nectar reabsorption by secretory trichomes.     

Endoparasitoids of larval Anomis privata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), major pest of Hibiscus syriacus (Columniferae: Malvaceae)

Endoparasitoids of Anomis privata larvae include five species in three families of two orders. In this work, two species of Hymenoptera Braconidae (Cotesia sp., Microplitis sp.), one species of Ichneumonidae (Mesochorus vittator) and two species of Diptera Tachinidae (Exorista (Podotachina) sorbillans, Timavia amoena) were investigated. Of the 261 larvae of A. privata examined, 32 had a parasite, so the rate of parasitism was 12.26%. Parasitism by taxon was the highest, at 10.35% (27 individuals), in Cotesia sp. in Hymenoptera Braconidae. Parasitoids of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were larval parasitoids. A parasitic insect of Tachinidae was a larva–pupal parasitoid. Solitary parasitoids included Microplitis sp. in Braconidae and E. sorbillans in Tachinidae. Gregarious parasitoids included Cotesia sp. in Braconidae, M. vittator in Ichneumonidae and T. amoena in Tachinidae. There was also a multiparasitoid (T. amoena) and two superparasitoids (Cotesia sp., M. vittator). A larva of A. privata sought feed even after it was parasitized every parasitoid investigated in this study, so five species of parasitoids were all koinobiont.     

红麻野败型CMS胞质SNP分子标签的发掘

利用同源克隆的方法,克隆了红麻野败型CMS胞质SRAP标记位点Me14上游的侧翼序列,并采用RT-PCR方法研究该位点的表达。结果表明:(1)红麻不育系P3A和保持系P3B的mtDNA在Me14结合位点处存在1个G/A SNP位点;HpaⅡ内切酶可特异性酶切以保持系P3B扩增获得的E1纯化片段,而不育系P3A的E1纯化片段不能被酶切。(2)对红麻的9对不育系/保持系、5个恢复系和F1杂交种在该SNP位点的分析发现,以保持系和恢复系总DNA为模板扩增获得的E1纯化片段均可为HpaⅡ内切酶特异性酶切,而不育系和F1杂交种的E1纯化片段不能被酶切。(3)RT-PCR结果表明,E1片段对应基因在不育系P3A和保持系P3B中的时空表达模式无差异,在GenBank中也没有与E1相匹配的蛋白序列。研究表明,该研究发掘的红麻CMS胞质SNP标记位点处,不育系的mtDNA存在点突变,该标签并非具有嵌合阅读框的不育基因。     

木槿属植物海滨木槿的研究进展

近几十年来,从木槿属植物中分离得到多种化合物,如木脂素、黄酮、萜类、mansonones类等化合物类型。文章重点介绍了木槿属及该属植物海滨木槿的研究进展,有助于对该属植物海滨木槿的进一步开发与研究。     

Phytoextraction of As and Fe using Hibiscus cannabinus L. from soil polluted with landfill leachate

Terrestrial plants as potential phytoremediators for remediation of surface soil contaminated with toxic metals have gained attention in clean-up technologies. The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) to offer a cost-effective mechanism to remediate Fe and As from landfill leachate-contaminated soil was investigated. Pot experiment employing soil polluted with treatments of Jeram landfill leachate was conducted for 120 days. Plants were harvested after 8th, 12th, and 16th weeks of growth. Accumulation of Fe and As was assessed based on Bioconcentration Factor and Translocation Factor. Results showed sequestration of 0.06-0.58 mg As and 66.82-461.71 mg Fe per g plant dry weight in kenaf root, which implies that kenaf root can be an bioavailable sink for toxic metals. Insignificant amount of Fe and As was observed in the aerial plant parts (< 12% of total bioavailable metals). The ability of kenaf to tolerate these metals and avoid phytotoxicity could be attributed to the stabilization of the metals in the roots and hence reduction of toxic metal mobility (TF < 1). With the application of leachate, kenaf was also found to have higher biomass and subsequently recorded 11% higher bioaccumulation capacity, indicating its suitability for phytoextraction of leachate contaminated sites.     

木槿品种对镉胁迫的生理响应及耐镉能力评价

研究镉胁迫对木槿的生理影响,比较木槿品种的镉耐受能力,为镉污染地区的植物材料选择提供依据.以3个木槿品种为材料,采取盆栽控制试验,测定其生长、生理指标,通过隶属函数分析综合比较品种耐镉能力.木槿的株高与地径增长量、叶绿素A+B与可溶性蛋白含量随胁迫浓度增加呈先上升后降低或逐渐降低趋势,而且随时间延长,降低程度不断加强;...     

黄秋葵八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因的克隆与分析

该研究根据黄秋葵(Hibiscus esculentus L.)转录组测序获得的八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因(HePDS)序列(GenBank登录号为MG372370)设计引物,克隆验证得到1条HePDS基因全长为2 020 bp cDNA,开放阅读框(ORF)包含1 686个碱基;预测其编码561个氨基酸,理论分子量为62.62 kD,等电点为8.155;编码的蛋白与海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense)、雷蒙德氏棉(Gossypium raimondii)、陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)同源蛋白的相似性均在93%以上,均含有1个保守的二核苷酸结合域和1个类胡萝卜素结合域,显示其高度的保守性。荧光定量PCR 分析表明,HePDS基因在黄秋葵根、茎、叶、花和果荚中均有表达;叶发育过程以嫩叶中表达最高,果实发育中以花后2 d表达量最高。类胡萝卜素含量随着叶、果实发育逐渐升高,成熟叶的含量最高,果实以花后4 d含量最高,且HePDS基因的表达与类胡萝卜素含量存在密切的相关性。该研究结果为进一步探讨HePDS基因的功能和调控机制,以及采用VIGS和CRISPR/Cas9技术开展黄秋葵基因功能的反向遗传学研究奠定了基础。