不同密度棉花粉蚧种群对扶桑生长的影响

棉花粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley是我国一种重要外来入侵害虫.关于该害虫入侵发生对作物的危害程度一直是关注的重要方面.本文通过定量接种虫量的方法,研究了棉花粉蚧初孵若虫不同初始密度(50头/株、100头/株、200头/株、400头/株、800头/株)下扶桑苗生长规律.结果植株生长表明,...     

22个木槿品种花粉形态与分类研究

为研究木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)不同品种花粉形态的多样性及其亲缘关系,该研究以22个木槿品种的花粉为材料,通过扫描电镜进行形态特征及外壁纹饰观测,然后使用R型聚类分析法和主成分分析法提取合适的指标进行UPGMA聚类分析.结果表明:(1)木槿的花粉均为单粒近球形,直径为148.98～111.65μm;表面...     

Effect of soil amendement with root extract ofhibiscus cannabinus L. on its rhizosphere mycoflora

Summary Rhizosphere mycoflora ofH. cannabinus was studied in potted condition after its root extract obtained from two month old plants. Isolations of fungi from the root regions were done at the interval of 15 days by dilution plate method. Estimation of fungi/g dry soil showed a negative rhizosphere effect. A higher number of fungal species was recorded in the treated non-rhizosphere as compared to their number in the rhizosphere. Qalitative analysis of the fungal flora was done and the variation was recorded. Root extract was analysed by paper chromatography. Altogether 7 amino acids and 3 sugars were detected.     

Chemical Profile and Phytotoxic Action of Hibiscus trionum Essential Oil

The chemical profile and phytotoxic action of Hibiscus trionum essential oil (EO) was studied. In total 17 compounds were identified via GC/MS, representing 94.18 % of the entire oil, with phytol (40.37 %) being the dominant constituent. Bioassay revealed that the EO inhibited root elongation of Medicago sativa and Amaranthus retroflexus by 32.66 % and 61.86 % at 5 mg/mL, respectively; meanwhile, the major component phytol also exhibited significant phytotoxic activity, suppressing radical elongation of Pennisetum alopecuroides, M. sativa and A. retroflexus by 26.08 %, 27.55 % and 43.96 % at 1 mg/mL, respectively. The fact that the EO showed weaker activity than phytol implied that some constituents might trigger antagonistic action to decrease the oil's activity. Our study is the first on the chemical profile and phytotoxic effect of H. trionum EO.     

Gene flow and population subdivision in a pantropical plant with sea-drifted seeds Hibiscus tiliaceus and its allied species: evidence from microsatellite analyses

The genetic differentiation and structure of Hibiscus tiliaceus , a pantropical plant with sea-drifted seeds, and four allied species were studied using six microsatellite markers. A low level of genetic differentiation was observed among H. tiliaceus populations in the Pacific and Indian Ocean regions, similar to the results of a previous chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) study. Frequent gene flow by long-distance seed dispersal is responsible for species integration of H. tiliaceus in the wide distribution range. On the other hand, highly differentiated populations of H. tiliaceus were detected in West Africa, as well as of Hibiscus pernambucensis in southern Brazil. In the former populations, the African continent may be a geographical barrier that prevents gene flow by sea-drifted seeds. In the latter populations, although there are no known land barriers, the bifurcating South Equatorial Current at the north-eastern horn of Brazil can be a potential barrier to gene flow and may promote the genetic differentiation of these populations. Our results also suggest clear species segregation between H. tiliaceus and H. pernambucensis , which confirms the introgression scenario between these two species that was suggested by a previous cpDNA study. Our results also provide good evidence for recent transatlantic long-distance seed dispersal by sea current. Despite the distinct geographical structure observed in the cpDNA haplotypes, a low level of genetic differentiation was found between Pacific and Atlantic populations of H. pernambucensis , which could be caused by transisthmian gene flow.     

Factors influencing extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa staining of rat testes

Abstract

Some plant extracts can be used in biology and medicine to reveal or identify cellular components and tissues. We investigated the effects of time and concentration on staining of histological sections of rat testes by an acidified extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. An ethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa was diluted using 1% acetic acid in 70% ethanol to stain histological sections of testes at concentrations of 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/ml for 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The sections of testes were stained deep red. The staining efficiency of H. sabdariffa was greater at a high concentration and required less time to achieve optimal staining. H. sabdariffa is a strongly basic dye that can be used for various diagnostic purposes. Staining time and concentration must be considered to achieve optimal results.     

Flow-Throuk Density Meter for Zonal Centripugation and Other Procedures

The instrument is based on the principle that the transmission of beta-particles through a fluid is a function of density. The fluid flows through a 3mm diameter cylindrical channel in a perspex block and passes between a 1 milliCurie 90_Sr/ 90_Y ceramic bead point source and a plastic phosphor optically coupled to a photomultiplier. The signal is amplified and displayed on a countrate meter coupled to a paper chart recorder, Facilities for zero suppression and scale expansion of the countrate meter reading are provided. The instrument whioh was designed originally for zonal centrifugaticn, has been used to monitor sucrose (ρ 1.0–1.3) and caesium chloride (ρ 1.0–1.8) solutions at flow rates up to 50ml/min. The accuracy attained is normally better than ± 0.1% of density at any point in the range. The instrument has also been used with success to monitor gradients in isoelectric focusing (personal communication from K. B. Cooke of the Westminster Hospital Medical School). 1. R. S. Atherton, P. Hawtin and P. Hutchinson, Anal Biochem., 49, 326 (1972)     

盐胁迫对红麻幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为研究不同盐胁迫时间和不同盐浓度胁迫对红麻（Hibiscus cannabinusL.）幼苗的生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响,探寻红麻耐盐的生理机制,为盐碱地种植红麻提供科学依据,本研究对红麻幼苗进行了两种不同条件的盐胁迫处理。一种将红麻幼苗在0（对照组）、140 mmol/L NaCl的半强度Hoagland营养液下分别处理3、6、9 d,另一种是在0（对照组）、70、140、200 mmol/L NaCl的1/2 Hoagland营养液下处理6 d,分别测定两种盐胁迫条件下植株的鲜重、根长、茎长、叶片H2O2、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性。结果显示：（1）在第一种处理条件下,随着盐胁迫时间的延长,处理组红麻幼苗的鲜重相对于对照分别减轻了19.63%、19.35%和39.03%,株高则分别降低了25.59%、19.17%和18.48%,处理组的SOD活性先增后减,POD活性先减后增,MDA和H2O2的含量、CAT和GR活性基本随胁迫时间的增长而增高。（2）在第二种处理条件下,随着胁迫盐浓度的增加,处理组鲜重相对于对照分别减轻了16.79%、19.35%和44.73%,株高则分别降低了11.21%、19.17%和23.62%,处理组SOD活性都稍高于对照,但三者无显著差异,POD活性先减后增,MDA和H2O2的含量、CAT和GR活性基本上随着盐浓度增加而增加。实验表明,在两种不同条件的盐胁迫下,红麻幼苗受盐害的程度基本上随胁迫时间和盐浓度的增加而加重。处理组植株的SOD和POD活性较对照组增加不明显,甚至有所降低,而CAT和GR活性则相对较高,CAT和GR可能在红麻幼苗抵御盐害时起较重要作用。     

Sooty Mould on Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis Caused by Leptoxyphium kurandae is Associated with Extrafloral Nectaries

In August 2013, sooty mould was observed on Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis) in a propagation nursery in Seoul, Korea. The sooty mould initially developed at the junction between the leaf blade and leaf petiole and then dispersed along the vein on the abaxial surface. The fungal growth pattern on the plants was quite different from general sooty moulds growing on honeydew secreted by insects on the plants. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, this fungus was identified as Leptoxyphium kurandae. A pathogenicity test was carried out to fulfil Koch's postulates. Through field observation and a pathogenicity test, we found an association between the sooty mould and extrafloral nectaries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sooty mould caused by L. kurandae on the extrafloral nectaries of H. rosa‐sinensis.