响应面法优化扶桑叶黄酮超声提取工艺

以扶桑叶为研究材料,以Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计,利用响应面法对扶桑叶黄酮提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,超声波辅助乙醇提取扶桑叶黄酮优化工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%,超声提取时间70 min,液料比40∶1。在最佳工艺条件下扶桑叶黄酮提取的得率最高,为34.56 mg/g。     

Gas Exchange Characteristics and Water Relations in Some Elite Okra Cultivars Under Water Deficit

Thirty-days-old plants of two cultivars of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.), Sabzpari and Chinese-red, were subjected for 30 d to two water regimes (100 and 60 % field capacity). Leaf water potential and osmotic potential of both lines decreased significantly with the imposition of drought. Both the leaf pressure potential and osmotic adjustment were much lower in Chinese-red than those in Sabzpari. Chlorophyll (Chl) b content increased, whereas Chl a content remained unchanged and thus Chl a/b ratios were reduced in both lines. Drought stress also caused a significant reduction in net photosynthetic rate (P _N), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g _s), and water use efficiency (WUE) especially in cv. Sabzpari. The lines did not differ in intrinsic WUE (P _Ng_s) or intercellular/ambient CO₂ ratio. Overall, the growth of two okra cultivars was positively correlated with P _N, but not with g _s or P _N/E, and negatively correlated with osmotic adjustment.     

红麻及其近缘种的RAPD分析

利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术分析了木槿属（Hibiscus)Furcaria组中纤维作物红麻（H.cannabinus)及其6个近缘种植物的25份材料,用筛选出的16个引物扩增出192个RAPD条带,它们表现出丰富的多态性。根据得到的RAPD指纹图谱,计算其Nei氏相似系数和遗传距离。并构建了它们的系统树。结果表明,25份材料可划分为7个组。H.penduriformis和H.calyphyllus两个种为一组;红麻种分为两个组,一组为栽培品种,另1组为野生型材料;其余4个种各成为1组。玫瑰麻（H.sabdariffa)和金线吊芙蓉（H.radiatus)的关系较近,而且两者与红麻的亲缘关系也较近,而其它四个种与红麻的关系较远。H.trionum与其它六个种的关系较远。     

木槿两变型花蕾的营养成分分析

植物的花是大自然的精华,许多植物的花中含有多种营养成分,具有强身健体的作用~([1]).木槿(Hibiscus syriacus L. )是集药用、食用、观赏、绿化、纤维原料于一身的木本植物~([2-3]),木槿的花、果、根、叶和皮均可入药,具有防治病毒性疾病和降低胆固醇的作用~([4-5]);其花和叶富含人体所需的营养成分和无机元素,国内外很多地区具有食用木槿花的习惯~([6]).木槿的品种丰富、花色艳丽、适应性强,具有比较广阔的药用和食用开发潜力.然而,目前针对不同品种木槿营养成分含量的研究还不够系统.     

NaCI胁迫对海滨木槿抗氧化系统和渗透调节的影响

以盐生植物海滨木槿为材料,不同浓度NaCl胁迫对其抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物质和渗透调节物质含量的影响进行分析.结果显示随着NaCl浓度的升高,海滨木槿叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)的活性先升高后降低,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性呈持续下降趋势,但它们达到最高活性时的NaCl浓度不同;各处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量先下降后升高,但始终低于对照;抗氧化物质抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量均高于对照,且在200 mmol·L-1时达到最高;各处理渗透调节物质可溶性糖和脯氨酸(Pro)的含量均较对照增加且升幅较大.研究表明,海滨木槿在NaCl胁迫下具有较强的活性氧清除能力和渗透调节能力,从而表现出较强的耐盐性.     

Light acclimation maintains the redox state of the PS II electron acceptor Q2 within a narrow range over a broad range of light intensities

Chrysanthemum inducum-hybrid `Coral Charm', Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. `Cairo Red' and Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel `Petit' were grown in natural light in a greenhouse at three levels of irradiance using permanent shade screens. Light acclimation of photosynthesis was characterized using modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence of intact leaves. A close correlation was found between the degree of reduction of the primary electron acceptor Q_A of Photosystem II (PS II) approximated as the fluorescence parameter 1−q_P, and light acclimation. The action range of 1−q_P was 0–0.4 from darkness to full irradiance around noon, within the respective light treatments in the greenhouse, indicating that most PS II reaction centres were kept open. In general, the index for electron transport (ETR) measured by chlorophyll fluorescence was higher for high-light (HL) than intermediate-(IL) and low-light (LL) grown plants. However, HL Chrysanthemum showed 40% higher ETR than HL Hibiscus at light saturation, despite identical redox states of Q_A. The light acclimation of the non-radiative dissipation of excess energy in the antenna, NPQ, varied considerably between the species. However, when normalized against q_P, a strong negative correlation was found between thermal dissipation and ETR measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. To be able to accommodate a high flux of electrons through PS II, the plants with the highest light-saturated ETR had the lowest NPQ/q_P. The possibility of using chlorophyll fluorescence for quantification of the energy balance between energy input and utilization in PS II in intact leaves is discussed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Influence of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. petal on cadmium toxicity in rats

The effects of chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) on some selected biochemical parameters, as well as the possible protective role of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L petal were studied in 12-wk-old male Wistar albino rats. Exposure to Cd caused a significant increase in plasma l-alanine aminotransferases (ALT) only but with a corresponding decrease in liver l-alanine and l-aspartate aminotransferases (L-ALT, L-AST) when compared to the Cd-free control. Total superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in the liver, testis, and prostate of Cd-exposed rats, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were increased relative to the Cd-free control. The metal significantly increased prostatic acid phosphatase activity in the prostate, but decreased the body weight gain of the rats and organ/body weight ratio for prostate and testis compared to the Cd-free control. Pretreatment of rats with aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa resulted in significantly less hepatotoxicity than with Cd alone as measured by plasma ALT and liver ALT and AST activities. The extract also protected the rats against Cd-induced liver, prostate, and testis lipoperoxidation as evidenced by significantly reduced MDA values in these organs, as well as reduced prostatic acid phosphatase activity in the prostate, when compared to the Cd-only exposed rats. Also, when compared to the organ/body weight ratios obtained from rats exposed to Cd alone the prostate and testis were protected by the extract as shown by enhanced prostate/body weight and testis/body weight ratios of Cd- and extract-treated rats. These data suggest that H. sabdarrifa L might be protective in Cd toxicity.     

南海半红树植物黄槿内源真菌GT20036029代谢产物研究

应用多种色谱技术从半红树药用植物黄槿内生真菌GT20036029中分离得到9个化合物,通过波谱学方法并与已知化合物数据作比较,鉴定它们分别为N-(2-羟基苯乙基)乙酰胺(1)、环(L-脯氨酸-D-异亮氨酸)(2)、环(L-亮氨酸-L-脯氨酸)(3)、环(D-亮氨酸-L-脯氨酸)(4)、环(亮氨酸-酪氨酸)(5)、环(苯丙氨酸-丝氨酸)(6)、脑苷脂B(7)、(25S)-纽替皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)和(25S)-异纽替皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)。化合物1为首次从海洋真菌代谢产物中分离得到。化合物8显示了较好的肿瘤细胞生长抑制活性。     

不同密度棉花粉蚧种群对扶桑生长的影响

棉花粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley是我国一种重要外来入侵害虫.关于该害虫入侵发生对作物的危害程度一直是关注的重要方面.本文通过定量接种虫量的方法,研究了棉花粉蚧初孵若虫不同初始密度(50头/株、100头/株、200头/株、400头/株、800头/株)下扶桑苗生长规律.结果植株生长表明,...     

22个木槿品种花粉形态与分类研究

为研究木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)不同品种花粉形态的多样性及其亲缘关系,该研究以22个木槿品种的花粉为材料,通过扫描电镜进行形态特征及外壁纹饰观测,然后使用R型聚类分析法和主成分分析法提取合适的指标进行UPGMA聚类分析.结果表明:(1)木槿的花粉均为单粒近球形,直径为148.98～111.65μm;表面...