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81.
82.
CONSTANS(CO)及CONSTANS-like(COL)基因在光周期调控植物开花中起到重要的作用。该研究以文心兰(Oncidium)品种‘金辉’为材料,分离了CO同源基因OnCOL2及另外2个COL基因(OnCOL8和OnCOL9),它们分别编码326、411和291个氨基酸;生物信息分析预测它们均定位于细胞核;OnCOL2、OnCOL8有2个锌指B-box结构域和1个CCT结构域,而OnCOL9缺少B-box结构域。多序列比对及进化树分析结果表明,所有COL蛋白可划分为3组,OnCOL2与OnCOL8、OnCOL9分到了2个不同组中。OnCOL2与建兰(Cymbidium ensifolium)CeCOL(90.77%)高度相似;OnCOL8与OnCOL9在进化关系上更为接近,分别与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)AtCOL9和AtCOL10关系最近,它们在B-box和CCT结构域都极为保守。表达分析结果表明OnCOL2、OnCOL8与OnCOL9分别在花、根和假鳞茎中表达量最高,在叶片中的表达呈周期性变化趋势,且在长、短日照条件下表达的峰值及时间均存在差异,在花芽分化时期的叶片中表达量均显著上调。研究表明,OnCOL2、OnCOL8与OnCOL9基因均受到生物钟和日长调节,在光周期途径中,可能通过上调它们的表达以促进文心兰花芽的形成。该研究结果为进一步研究基因功能及光周期调控文心兰开花机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
83.
以普通油茶(Camellia oleifera) 4个无性系为材料,结合油茶成花的动态观察和花芽分化过程的石蜡切片形态观察,采用酶联免疫吸附分析法测定花芽中玉米素核苷(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA) 4种内源激素含量,探讨油茶花芽分化与内源激素的关系。油茶花芽分化过程可分为6个时期:前分化期(10 d)、萼片形成期(20 d)、花瓣形成期(30 d)、雌雄蕊形成期(20 d)、子房与花药形成期(10 d)和雌雄蕊成熟期(20 d),历时3~4个月。油茶不同无性系的花芽分化时间略有不同。油茶花芽中ZR含量相对较低(5.102~16.412 ng·g–1 FW),ABA含量相对较高(76.815~137.648 ng·g–1 FW)。其中,粤华5号和湘林8号的ZR、ABA含量变化趋势一致,岑软3号和岑软2号含量变化趋势一致。油茶花芽中IAA含量相对较高,为49.072~135.622 ng·g–1 FW,随着花芽分化进程,IAA含量均呈先升后降再升的变化趋势。GA含量相对较低,为5.616~13.720 ng·g–1 FW,随时间变化,呈现出不断降低的趋势。其中,不同无性系的IAA、GA含量变化趋势一致,而ZR、ABA含量变化趋势有所差异。ZR有利于花器官形成;高浓度IAA促进油茶花芽分化,低浓度IAA有利于开花;花芽中IAA与ABA存在明显的颉颃作用;GA抑制花芽分化。 相似文献
84.
利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对盛花期的香花秋海棠(Begonia handelii)雄花及其变种铺地秋海棠(B. handelii var. prostrata)雌花和红毛香花秋海棠(B. handelii var. rubropilosa)雄花的挥发性香气成分进行分析。结果表明,从铺地秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分32 种,其中醇类物质含量最高,占总成分50.10,其次分别为碳氢类、醛类和酸类物质,分别占总成分25.39、13.87、4.34;从香花秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分为21种,醛类物质含量最高,占总成分57.12,其次是醇类、碳氢类、杂环类物质,分别占总成分17.37、15.31、4.88;从红毛香花秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分44 种,醇类物质含量最高,占总成分38.22,其次是碳氢类、醛类和醚类物质,分别占总成分34.36、16.83、6.91。铺地秋海棠和红毛香花秋海棠香气成分较接近,富含具有清香、甘甜气息的芳樟醇氧化物等物质;香花秋海棠花中醛类物质含量最高,具有淡焦甜香气。 相似文献
85.
Floral nectar composition has been explained as an adaptation to factors that are either directly or indirectly related to pollinator attraction. However, it is often unclear whether the sugar composition is a direct adaptation to pollinator preferences. Firstly, the lower osmolality of sucrose solutions means that they evaporate more rapidly than hexose solutions, which might be one reason why sucrose‐rich nectar is typically found in flowers with long tubes (adapted to long‐tongued pollinators), where it is better protected from evaporation than in open or short‐tubed flowers. Secondly, it can be assumed that temperature‐dependent evaporation is generally lower during the night than during the day so that selection pressure to secrete nectar with high osmolality (i.e. hexose‐rich solutions) is relaxed for night‐active flowers pollinated at night. Thirdly, the breeding system may affect selection pressure on nectar traits; that is, for pollinator‐independent, self‐pollinated plants, a lower selective pressure on nectar traits can be assumed, leading to a higher variability of nectar sugar composition independent of pollinator preferences, nectar accessibility and nectar protection. To analyse the relations between flower tube length, day vs. night pollination and self‐pollination, the nectar sugar composition was investigated in 78 European Caryophylloideae (Caryophyllaceae) with different pollination modes (diurnal, nocturnal, self‐pollination) using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All Caryophylleae species (Dianthus and relatives) were found to have nectar with more than 50% sucrose, whereas the sugar composition of Sileneae species (Silene and relatives) ranged from 0% to 98.2%. In the genus Silene, a clear dichotomous distribution of sucrose‐ and hexose‐dominant nectars is evident. We found a positive correlation between the flower tube length and sucrose content in Caryophylloideae, particularly in day‐flowering species, using both conventional analyses and phylogenetically independent contrasts. 相似文献
86.
R. V. Carvalho Saraiva P. M. Correia de Albuquerque E. C. Girnos 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(4):666-674
Platonia insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae), the bacurizeiro, is a native tree species from the Brazilian Amazon forests. Three populations of P. insignis have been observed in the north-east region of the state of Maranhão that differ in flower color: the red population that produces dark pink flowers, the pink population that produces light pink flowers, and the white population with yellowish-white flowers. From multivariate statistical analysis, we aimed at characterizing such populations using morpho-anatomical leaf and flower morphology parameters. A total of 40 P. insignis individuals have been sampled in the cities of São Luís and Chapadinha. The morphological traits varied more than the anatomical traits. Area, fresh mass, and dry mass were the leaf parameters that show more variations. Platonia insignis have hypostomatic or amphihypostomatic leaves. The length of the gynoecium+the length of the nectary, the total length and the length of gynoecium were the principal components considering flower analysis. The three populations did not show significant differences nor did they group using Ward's method. Individuals from the Chapadinha and São Luís red population have been separated according to leaf and flower morphological traits, and the morphological difference between individuals may represent early stages of geographical speciation. 相似文献
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89.
Chelsea Eby Mark G.T. Gardiner Regine Gries Gary J.R. Judd Grigori Khaskin Gerhard Gries 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2013,147(1):82-92
Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) is a diurnal clearwing moth native to Eurasia that was recently introduced into British Columbia (BC) and Ontario, Canada, where it has become a serious pest in apple orchards. In BC, these moths commonly feed on nectar of inflorescences, particularly that of showy milkweed, Asclepias speciosa Torrey (Apocynaceae). We investigated the relative importance of visual and olfactory cues, and the key floral semiochemical(s) mediating attraction of S. myopaeformis to A. speciosa. In field experiments, inflorescences left exposed or enclosed in cheesecloth bags dyed green induced similar visitation rates by moths, indicating that olfactory cues are attractive. Among the >10 floral odourants that elicited responses from moth antennae in coupled gas chromatographic‐electroantennographic detection analyses, phenylacetaldehyde induced the most frequent proboscis extension reflexes of male and female moths. Among eight floral odourants that were field‐tested singly, phenylacetaldehyde attracted 35 times more male and female moths than any other candidate semiochemical. Attractiveness of phenylacetaldehyde could not be enhanced by admixture with other floral odourants at the ratios or concentrations tested indicating that it alone may mediate attraction of S. myopaeformis to the inflorescences of A. speciosa. The potential use of phenylacetaldehyde as bait to monitor or mass‐trap populations of male and female S. myopaeformis should be investigated. 相似文献
90.
以切花菊品种‘神马’(Chrysanthemum morifolium cv.‘Jingba’)为试材,设计红光(R:660±10 nm)与远红光(FR:730±10 nm)比值(R/FR)为0.5、2.5、4.5、6.5的LED照光处理,研究不同R/FR处理对菊花花芽分化进程、相对发育速率及花径的影响.结果表明:R/FR=6.5处理的菊花完成花芽分化进程所需时间最短,比R/FR=0.5处理下的菊花缩短了34 d.R/FR越大,菊花花芽分化的相对发育速率越大,完成花芽分化时,R/FR=6.5相对发育速率为R/FR=0.5的2倍.与花芽分化趋势一致,不同光质处理下的花径由大到小的R/FR顺序为:6.5>4.5>2.5>0.5.本研究表明,R/FR=6.5能够显著促进菊花花芽分化进程和花径的生长. 相似文献