长效促胰岛素降糖酵母的构建及其对糖尿病模型小鼠的治疗效果

益生菌生物药物是指通过口服表达药用多肽(蛋白)的重组益生菌活细胞达到治疗疾病的新型口服给药系统。为了构建一种能有效防治2型糖尿病的酵母生物药物,文章首先构建了酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)整合型表达载体pNK1-PGK,并且通过绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)证明其表达功能正常,利用该载体将10×GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1)基因转化到酿酒酵母INVSc1中,通过营养缺陷型和Western blotting成功筛选出表达10×GLP-1的长效促胰岛素降糖酵母(Long-acting GLP-1 hypoglycemic yeast, LHY)。该酵母生长迅速,外源基因10×GLP-1表达稳定,表达量达到1.56 mg/g细胞湿重。通过链脲佐菌素和高脂高糖饮食联合诱导的方法构建了2型糖尿病小鼠模型,用LHY对其进行口服灌胃治疗,证明LHY具有较好疗效,明显降低血糖水平。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白通过FOXO1/PGC-1α途径上调磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧基酶的转录

【目的】分析丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核心蛋白(CORE)稳定表达对磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧基酶(PCK1)转录水平的影响,并分析HCV CORE调控PCK1转录的分子机制,为进一步阐明HCV感染致2型糖尿病机理的探讨提供新的思路。【方法】利用反转录病毒表达系统构建稳定表达HCV CORE的Huh7-lunet-core细胞系。采用Real-time PCR和萤光素酶报告基因技术检测Huh7-lunet-core细胞系中PCK1、FOXO1以及PGC-1α转录水平变化,并结合Western blot分析FOXO1的活性变化。【结果】HCV CORE的稳定表达显著增强PCK1的转录水平,HCV CORE不影响FOXO1的转录和表达水平,但降低FOXO1的磷酸化水平,激活了FOXO1的转录活性,并增强PGC-1α的mRNA表达水平。【结论】HCV CORE在Huh7-lunet细胞中的稳定表达激活FOXO1的转录活性,并与PGC-1α协同作用,上调PCK1的转录,从而导致肝糖异生过度发生,对HCV CORE调控PCK1转录的分子机制的揭示可能为HCV感染相关的糖尿病的治疗提供新的靶点。     

Association of RAGE gene polymorphism with circulating AGEs level and paraoxonase activity in relation to macro-vascular complications in Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background and aims

Sustained interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with their receptor RAGE and subsequent signaling plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications. Genetic variation of RAGE gene may be associated with the development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objectives

The present study aimed to explore the possible association of RAGE gene polymorphisms namely − 374T/A, − 429T/C and G82S with serum level of AGEs, paraoxonase (PON1) activity and macro-vascular complications (MVC) in Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM).

Methods

A total of 265 diabetic patients, including DM without any complications (n = 135), DM-MVC (n = 130) and 171 healthy individuals were enrolled. Genotyping of RAGE variants were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum AGEs were estimated by ELISA and fluorometrically. and PON1 activity was assessed spectrophotometrically.

Results

Of the three examined SNPs, association of − 429T/C polymorphism with MVC in T2DM was observed (OR = 3.001, p = 0.001) in the dominant model. Allele ‘A’ of − 374T/A polymorphism seems to confer better cardiac outcome in T2DM. Patients carrying C allele (− 429T/C) and S allele (G82S) had significantly higher AGEs levels. − 429T/C polymorphism was also found to be associated with low PON1 activity. Interaction analysis revealed that the risk of development of MVC was higher in T2DM patients carrying both a CC genotype of − 429T/C polymorphism and a higher level of AGEs (OR = 1.343, p = 0.040).

Conclusion

RAGE gene polymorphism has a significant effect on AGEs level and PON1 activity in diabetic subjects compared to healthy individuals. Diabetic patients with a CC genotype of − 429T/C are prone to develop MVC, more so if AGEs levels are high and PON1 activity is low.     

孕妇肠道微生物组成与孕妇及新生儿糖脂代谢相关性研究

目的研究孕妇肠道微生物组成与孕妇以及新生儿糖脂代谢的相关性。方法选择2017年6月至2018年9月在大连市妇幼保健院定期产检的诊断为妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的孕妇89例为GDM组,血糖正常孕妇96例为对照组。收集孕妇一般资料,孕妇和新生儿糖脂代谢物、孕妇粪便进行微生物检测。结果 GDM组孕妇空腹血糖、甘油三酯明显高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白水平明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。GDM新生儿脂联素和血糖明显低于对照组,胰岛素和糖化血红蛋白明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。对照组孕妇肠道微生物中拟杆菌(Bacteroides)丰富度最高(36.6%),其次是普雷沃菌(Prevotella)(15.3%)、柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)(10.2%)、考拉杆菌(Phascolarctobacterium)(7.2%)。GDM组孕妇肠道微生物中拟杆菌(Bacteroides)丰富度最高(29.4%),其次是柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)(19.7%)、普雷沃菌(Prevotella)(11.1%)、考拉杆菌(Phascolarctobacterium)(9.3%)。柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)与孕妇空腹血糖呈正相关(r=0.377 6,P=0.027 6),拟杆菌(Bacteroides)、埃希菌(Escherichia)与孕妇甘油三酯呈负相关(r=-0.027 5,-0.585 8,P=0.023 7,0.041 3)。柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)与新生儿空腹血糖呈负相关(r=-0.397 6,P=0.027 6)。结论 GDM孕妇肠道微生物构成与血糖正常孕妇不同,菌群丰富度和多样性较低,并且孕妇肠道菌群与其及新生儿的糖脂代谢相关,调节孕妇肠道菌群或有利于改善其与新生儿的糖脂代谢功能。     

Matriptase-2- and proprotein convertase-cleaved forms of hemojuvelin have different roles in the down-regulation of hepcidin expression

Hemojuvelin (HJV) is an important regulator of iron metabolism. Membrane-anchored HJV up-regulates expression of the iron regulatory hormone, hepcidin, through the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway by acting as a BMP co-receptor. HJV can be cleaved by the furin family of proprotein convertases, which releases a soluble form of HJV that suppresses BMP signaling and hepcidin expression by acting as a decoy that competes with membrane HJV for BMP ligands. Recent studies indicate that matriptase-2 binds and degrades HJV, leading to a decrease in cell surface HJV. In the present work, we show that matriptase-2 cleaves HJV at Arg(288), which produces one major soluble form of HJV. This shed form of HJV has decreased ability to bind BMP6 and does not suppress BMP6-induced hepcidin expression. These results suggest that the matriptase-2 and proprotein convertase-cleavage products have different roles in the regulation of hepcidin expression.     

胰高血糖素样肽1受体--治疗糖尿病新药的研究热点

胰高血糖素样肽l(glucagon—like peptide—l,GLP-1)与胰岛素分泌和糖代谢调节密切相关。GLP-1与其受体(GLP-1receptor,GLP-1R)结合后,主要通过cAMP和P13K两条信号途径,促进胰岛素的分泌,刺激胰岛β细胞的增殖和分化。对GLP-1R结构和信号传导机制的研究,有助于了解其在糖尿病病理进程中的作用,为开发新型糖尿病治疗药物指明方向。     

Effect of end-stage renal disease and diabetes on zinc and copper status

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of zinc and copper in patients with and without diabetes submitted to chronic hemodialysis. Thirty-three patients with type 2 diabetes (DM group), 30 nondiabetic patients (NDM group), and 20 healthy individuals (control group) were studied. Plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary zinc and plasma copper were obtained from atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ceruloplasmin by immunonephelometry. The anthropometric parameters were similar among the groups. Plasma zinc was lower and erythrocyte zinc was higher in the DM and NDM groups in relation to the control group. No difference in urinary zinc was observed comparing the groups. Plasma copper was higher in the DM group when compared to the NDM and control groups. Ceruloplasmin was similar in the three groups. Serum urea was a positive independent determinant of plasma zinc concentrations. The determinants of erythrocyte zinc were MAMC midarm nuscle circumference and Kt/V dialysis adequacy. The determinants of plasma copper concentration were serum creatinine and serum glucose. The results of this study demonstrate an alteration in the distribution of zinc of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) independently of the presence of DM. Also, the status of copper seems not to be influenced by CKD, but only by the metabolic derangements associated with diabetes.     

肝原性糖尿病人血浆氨基酸谱改变及分析

为探讨肝原性糖尿病人血浆氨基酸谱变化特点 ,对 6 0例病人进行 1 7种氨基酸检测和支芳比值分析 ,并设立慢性肝病组和糖尿病组作两两对照。结果显示 :观察组血浆芳香族氨基酸增高 ,部分支链氨基酸下降 ;支芳比值降低。成糖氨基酸中缬氨酸改变明显 ,与两组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :肝原性糖尿病人血浆氨基酸代谢紊乱 ,与慢性肝病、糖尿病改变均不同 ,在进行保肝治疗和营养支持时要针对其特点 ,科学合理地补充氨基酸和能量     

外源性H2S对糖尿病小鼠肝纤维化的作用及其机制*

目的: 探讨外源性硫化氢(H₂S)对糖尿病小鼠肝纤维化作用及其相关机制。方法: 将 C57 雄性体重为(22±2)g 24只小鼠随机分为3组(n=8):①正常对照组(Control):小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,注射时间同实验组;②糖尿病模型组(HG):按体重(150 mg/kg)一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导小鼠建立糖尿病模型;③NaHS 处理组(HG + NaHS):方法同组别②,只是糖尿病模型建立后,腹腔注射NaHS(100 μmol/L·kg·d),每天一次,连续12周。HE染色检测肝细胞损伤;Masson染色检测肝纤维化;Western blot检测相关蛋白胱硫醚-β-合成酶(CBS,内源性H₂S产生的关键酶)、胶原I (Col-I)、胶原III (Col-III)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达。结果: 与对照组比较,糖尿病模型组肝细胞损伤及肝纤维化均显著加重,CBS 蛋白表达显著减少(P＜0.01),Col-I、Col-III和MMP-9蛋白表达均显著增加(P＜0.01)。与糖尿病模型组比较,NaHS处理组肝细胞损伤及肝纤维化均显著减轻、CBS 蛋白表达显著增加、Col-I、Col-III和MMP-9蛋白表达均减少(P＜0.01)。结论: 外源性H₂S可抑制糖尿病小鼠肝纤维化,其机制与降低胶原含量和基质金属蛋白酶-9的表达相关。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断不同病程老年2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床价值及与血清ET、NO的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断不同病程老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢血管病变(LEADDP)的临床价值及与血清内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的关系。方法：选取我院于2019年5月~2020年4月期间收治的80例老年T2DM合并LEADDP患者为观察组,根据不同病程分为3组,<10年组30例,10~20年组33例,>20年组17例,另选取同时期我院收治的50名老年单纯T2DM患者为对照组,所有受检者均接受彩色多普勒超声检查,并检测血清ET、NO水平。对比观察组与对照组足背动脉狭窄发生率,对比不同病程患者LEADDP检出率,对比不同病程患者及对照组的动脉血管内径、动脉血流量及血清ET、NO水平,Pearson相关性分析动脉血管内径、动脉血流量与血清ET和NO水平的相关性。结果：观察组足背动脉狭窄发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);不同病程患者LEADDP检出率随着病程延长而增加(P<0.05);不同病程患者动脉血管内径、动脉血流量、NO水平随着病程的的延长而降低,ET水平随着病程的延长而升高(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,动脉血管内径、动脉血流量与血清ET水平呈负相关,与NO水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论：老年T2DM合并LEADDP患者存在明显的下肢动脉管径狭窄和血流量缓慢,病变程度随着病程延长而增加,与血清ET、NO水平有密切关系,彩色多普勒超声诊断可有效评价其病变程度。