The Discovery of Diploid Lycoris radiata (L′Her.) Herb. from Anhui

Lycoris radiata (L′Her. ) Herb. containing wild and cultural types, is distributed in China and Japan. The karyotype variation in three populations of the species from Anhui is studied in this paper. (1) Wuhu wild population has a karyotype 2n=21+1B= 1m+12st +8t+1B. The chromosomes range in length from 7.50 to 14.10 µm with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.88. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’(1971) 3A. (2) Huangshan wild population has two cytotypes: 2n=22 and 2n=22+1B. Type Ⅰ: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=12st+10t. The chromosomes range in length from 6.85 to 9.95 µm. with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.45. The karyotype belongs to 4A. Type Ⅱ: The karyotype formula is 2n=22+1B=6st+14t+2T+1B (plate 1: 7,8). The chromosomes range in length from 6.50 to 11.02 µm. with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.70. The karyotype belongs to 4A. (3) Wuhu cultural type has a karyotype 2n=33=30st +3t. The chromosomes range in length from 7.10 to 9.35 µm with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.32. The karyotype belongs to 4A. This result agrees well with the previous reports. The diploid types of Lycoris radiata (L´Her.) Herb. are found in Anhui for the firsttime.     

林隙对草本植物的影响

在次生林改造过程中,对林内形成的大小不等的林隙运用斑块状造林技术,取得好的效果。运用该项技术不仅使林隙内的目的树种－红松生长发育迅速并促进了周围次生林木的生长,而且也使草本植物在种类,密度和盖度等方面有了明显的变化。本文就这一问题进行研究,认为光是影响草本植物生长和分布的一个关键因子,林隙对促进草本植物发育,提高物种多样性具有重要意义。     

翻白草对大鼠和家兔高血脂模型的降血脂作用

目的探讨翻白草对高血脂大鼠和家兔的降血脂作用。方法采用Wistar大鼠60只（其中50只为高脂饲料诱导成高血脂动物模型,10只为空白对照组）,家兔36只（其中30只为高脂饲料诱导成高血脂动物模型,6只为空白对照组）。随机分为6组（翻白草大、中、小3个剂量组,模型组,脂必妥对照组,空白对照组）。连续给药6周,分别于给药后第4周、第6周采血,检测血清中胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）浓度。结果翻白草各给药组与模型组比较,给药后第4周,翻白草可降低高血脂大鼠和家兔血清中TC、TG、LDL的含量（P〈0.05）;给药后第6周,可显著降低高血脂大鼠和家兔血清中TC、TG、LDL的含量（P〈0.01）。结论翻白草具有很好的降血脂作用。     

Understorey gaps influence regeneration dynamics in subtropical coastal dune forest

Dominant understorey species influence forest dynamics by preventing tree regeneration at the seedling stage. We examined factors driving the spatial distribution of the monocarpic species Isoglossa woodii, a dominant understorey herb in coastal dune forests, and the effect that its cover has on forest regeneration. We used line transects to quantify the area of the forest understorey with I. woodii cover and with gaps in the cover. Paired experimental plots were established in semi-permanent understorey gaps with I. woodii naturally absent and in adjacent areas with I. woodii present to compare plant community composition, soil, and light availability between the two habitats. Isoglossa woodii was widespread, covering 65–95% of the understorey, while gaps covered the remaining 5–35% of the area. The spatial distribution of this species was strongly related to tree canopy structure, with I.␣woodii excluded from sites with dense tree cover. Seedling establishment was inhibited by low light availability (<1% of PAR) beneath I.␣woodii. When present, I. woodii reduced the density and species richness of tree seedlings. The tree seedling community beneath I. woodii represented a subset of the seedling community in gaps. Some species that were found in gaps did not occur beneath I. woodii at all. There were no significant differences between the sapling and canopy tree communities in areas with I. woodii gaps and cover. In the coastal dune forest system, seedling survival under I. woodii is dependent on a species’ shade tolerance, its ability to grow quickly during I. woodii dieback, and/or the capacity to regenerate by re-sprouting and multi-stemming. We propose a general conceptual model of forest regeneration dynamics in which the abundant understorey species, I. woodii, limits local tree seedling establishment and survival but gaps in the understorey maintain tree species diversity on a landscape scale.     

忽地笑酌-生育酚甲基转移酶基因LaTMT的克隆与表达分析

采用RACE技术从忽地笑也Lycoris aurea ( L'Hér.) Herb.页叶片中克隆获得γ-生育酚甲基转移酶(γ-TMT)基因,命名为LaTMT。序列分析结果显示：该基因cDNA全长1458 bp,其中开放阅读框( ORF)长1017 bp,编码338个氨基酸残基。 LaTMT基因编码蛋白质的理论相对分子质量37560,理论等电点pI 8.70,为亲水性蛋白,无跨膜结构但具有信号肽结构;并具有S-腺苷甲硫氨酸( SAM)甲基转移酶保守结构域,包含3个SAM结合位点;该蛋白的二级结构中包含44.08%的α-螺旋、32.84%的无规则卷曲、12.72%的延伸链和10.36%的β-转角。序列比对和系统进化树分析结果显示：LaTMT蛋白属于S-腺苷甲硫氨酸-依赖性γ-生育酚甲基转移酶家族,与其他植物γ-TMT蛋白的一致性为64%~75%;在 NJ系统树上, LaTMT蛋白与单子叶植物γ-TMT蛋白聚为同一大类,并与油棕( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) EgTMT和美洲油棕也Elaeis oleifera ( Kunth) Cortés页EoTMT聚为同一类,亲缘关系最近。基因表达分析结果显示：LaTMT基因可在大肠杆菌中成功表达,且表达量随异丙基硫代半乳糖苷( IPTG)诱导时间的延长而增加;在忽地笑的根、叶片、花苞、子房、雄蕊、花瓣和鳞茎中LaTMT基因均可表达,其中在叶片中的相对表达量最高,在子房、雄蕊和鳞茎中的相对表达量相对较低,具有明显的组织特异性。研究结果表明：忽地笑LaTMT基因在进化过程中具有很高的保守性;该基因主要定位于叶绿体中,并与忽地笑对非生物逆境胁迫的抗性相关。     

Within-community vegetation structure in the conifer woodlands of the Siskiyou Mountains,Oregon

The conifer woodlands found on serpentine-derived soils in southwest Oregon, USA, are characterized by a debse but discontinuous shrub stratum and a species-rich herbaceous stratum. Quantitative analysis of shrub and herb distributions within 10 sites showed that small-scale patterns within the conifer woodland sites are as important as landscape-scale patterns in community organization. Gradient analysis was used to describe the distribution of herbaceous species with respect to gradients of shrub influence (shading, decreased soil temperature, increased soil moisture, increased litter depth) within sites and topographic moisture among sites. Regression analysis of the resulting species distributions and calculations of alpha and beta diversity showed that (a) the shrub-influence microgradient significantly affected distributions for 15 out of 20 major herbaceous species, and the topographic-moisture gradient influenced 13 out of the 20 species, (b) species richness was higher under intermediate conditions along both gradients, and (c) beta diversity within communities was 2.5 to 3.8 times the beta diversity of the site-to-site topographic-moisture gradient.     

Soil acidification and vegetation changes in deciduous forest in southern Sweden

Summary Thirtyfour deciduous forest sites in southern Sweden, originally studied in 1949–1970, were resampled in 1984/85. The average pH change in the humus layer was-0.78 and-0.23 in soils originally studied 30–35 and 15–20 years ago, respectively. Cover changes in the field layer were measured and related to pH changes. The number of species had increased in spite of pH decreases, reaching a maximum at pH 4.0–5.0, while the total cover of the field layer was unchanged.Two groups of species showed no correlation with pH decreases in the humus layer. A large number of species had increased in cover on a majority of sites over the entire species specific pH interval, including nitrophilic species (Rubus idaeus, Chamaenerium angustifolium, Aegopodium podagraria, Stellaria nemorum). A few species had decreased in cover on a majority of sites (Polygonatum multiflorum, Pulmonaria officinalis, Dentaria bulbifera). Some species showed a covariation with pH changes, decreasing in cover in sites in the acidic part of the pH interval (Mercurialis perennis, Lamium galeobdolon, Galium odoratum, Oxalis acetosella, Luzula pilosa). Without excluding other factors, this paper suggests that the increased nitrogen deposition and the increased acidity in the humus layer might cause some of the cover changes in the presented species.     

应用超临界CO2流体萃取技术研究中药百里香挥发性化学成分

采用分析型超临界（CO2）流体萃取技术（SFE－CO2）与传统水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）,提取中药百里香挥发油,并通过气相色谱／质谱联用技术测定了提取物的化学成分。从中分别鉴定出61个50个化合物,主要包括：百里酚、石竹烯、桉油精、伞花醇、芳樟醇、豆甾醇等成分。     

石蒜属植物多糖组成的分析比较研究

对五种石蒜属植物:安徽石蒜、中国石蒜、忽地笑、换锦花、石蒜多糖的结构组成进行了对比分析。结果表明,安徽石蒜多糖与其他四种植物多糖差异较大,而忽地笑多糖和石蒜多糖相似、中国石蒜多糖和换锦花多糖相似。该研究为探讨石蒜属种间亲缘关系提供实验依据。     

40种常见药用草本植物根系解剖特征研究

植物的根系具有水分吸收和运输的功能,部分还有重要的药用价值。该研究观察了40种药用草本植物粗根的解剖特征,比较了不同功能类群的差异性并分析了性状的相关性,同时结合系统发育和自然分布区气候因子解释了根系性状的种间变异性。结果表明,草本植物根系解剖特征种间差异显著;与双子叶植物相比,单子叶植物的根皮层占比更高,而中柱占比更小,揭示了两者根系吸收和运输策略的差异性。性状网络分析表明,木质部面积占比具有高的度和紧密度,是其中的中心性状,木质部面积占比与韧皮部面积占比正相关但与皮层占比负相关。除导管频度和皮层占比外,其他特征均未显示出显著的系统发育信号,说明根系性状受系统发育的影响较少。在单子叶草本植物中,年平均降水量与皮层占比呈正相关;而在双子叶草本中,年平均气温与导管直径正相关。该研究进一步揭示了药用草本植物根系结构的多样性和适应性。