Ionophorous Properties of SY-1 (20-Deoxysalinomycin) in Rat Liver Mitochondri

SY-1 (20-deoxysalinomycin), a monocarboxylic polyether antibiotic closely related to salinomycin, caused a rapid release of previously accumulated alkali metal cations by valinomycin or monazomycin in rat liver mitochondria, and simultaneously reversed swelling of mitochondria.

With a strict specificity for substrate and cation, SY-1 exhibited a property of inhibiting mitochondrial functions such as substrate oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation and ATP hydrolysis induced by valinomycin or monazomycin, In comparative study with salinomycin, SY-1 was found to be more effective on the mitochondrial functions than salinomycin.

On the basis of the results so far obtained, the inhibitory effect of SY-1 on mitochondria is interpreted as a result of interaction with essential cations, especially with K⁺, in mitochondria.     

大鼠肝纤维化病理分期与肝纤维化血清标志物相关性研究

目的：研究肝纤维化病理组织学分期与血清纤维化标志物门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）与血小板（PLT）比值指数（APRI）、透明质酸（HA）及基质金属蛋白酶抑制物（TIMP-1）的相关性,以探讨非创伤性检测血清蛋白和联合分析血清纤维化标志物的诊断价值。方法：将75只成年健康的SD大鼠采用改良式复合因素法构建大鼠肝纤维化模型,分别在5、6个周后,进行大鼠肝脏穿刺活检病理学组织检查,HE、Masson染色后进行病理组织学分期,同时检测大鼠血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）与血小板（PLT）比值指数（APRI）、透明质酸（HA）及基质金属蛋白酶抑制物（TIMP-1）水平。结果：肝脏组织病理学检查发现肝纤维化的分期与炎症活动程度呈明显的正相关（P〈0.05）。而对于区分显著肝纤维化（≥S2）血清标志物指标诊断纤维化的ROC曲线分析发现,HA、TIMP-1、APRI曲线下面积分别为0.921、0.732、0.905。HA＋APRI联合诊断灵敏度为84.1%,特异度为91.2%。TIMP-1＋APRI联合诊断灵敏度为83.2%,特异度为91.7%。结论：利用检测血清纤维化标志物这种对患者无创的检测方法虽不能完全取代病理学活检,但预测肝纤维具有一定的诊断价值,当联合分析两种血清纤维化标志物时,灵敏度和特异度都比单独分析一种标志物要高。     

肝包虫病的诊断现状及进展

肝包虫病是畜牧地区常见的寄生虫病,是一种人畜共患病,非牧地区偶尔也可以见到,可以通过与狗等动物密切接触直接感染,还可以通过呼吸道吸入虫卵或经消化道误食含有虫卵感染的食物或水源等方式感染使人患病,并且可以寄生于人体内各个部位,但以肝脏最为多见,严重危害人体健康和畜牧业的发展。加强肝包虫病的诊断是防控本疾病的重要措施之一,在不能排除肝包虫病的情况下,应结合病史、化验室检查、B超、CT等影像学检查、免疫学检查进行综合分析,给出明确诊断,以防止误诊、漏诊。近年来随着分子生物学以及病原学等技术的发展,为包虫病的诊断提供更多的方法和信息,本文将从肝包虫病的病史及临床表现、影像学检查、免疫学检查、分子生物学检查及病原学检查等方面对其诊断现状及进展做一综述。     

胚胎肝细胞用于肝组织工程的体外培养研究

目的:观察三维受控组装系统下,胚胎肝细胞在三维立体结构的体外生长状态,探讨胚胎肝细胞在肝组织工程中应用的可行性。方法:用清华大学机械工程系研制的"三维受控组装系统",将第15 d小鼠胚胎肝细胞作为肝组织工程的种子细胞,与以明胶为主的复合材料混合,构建成复杂三维立体结构,观察其体外生长发育状态。对体外培养1周及4周的三维类肝组织标本进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,免疫组织化学方法检测甲胎蛋白(AFP)及白蛋白(ALB)的表达,并对体外培养4周的三维类肝组织用PAS显色法检测肝糖原表达。结果:HE染色结果显示体外培养的胚胎肝细胞在三维支架材料中,可形成含有类血管和肝组织样结构;体外培养1周的类肝组织AFP表达呈阳性,体外培养4周的三维类肝组织ALB表达呈阳性,PAS显色亦呈阳性。结论:在三维受控组装系统的构建下,呈立体状生长的胚胎肝细胞,可逐渐形成肝组织样结构,并显示一定的肝脏功能。     

Negative regulation of the hepatic fibrogenic response by suppressor of cytokine signaling 1

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is an indispensable regulator of IFNγ signaling and has been implicated in the regulation of liver fibrosis. However, it is not known whether SOCS1 mediates its anti-fibrotic functions in the liver directly, or via modulating IFNγ, which has been implicated in attenuating hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, it is possible that SOCS1 controls liver fibrosis by regulating hepatic stellate cells (HSC), a key player in fibrogenic response. While the activation pathways of HSCs have been well characterized, the regulatory mechanisms are not yet clear. The goals of this study were to dissociate IFNγ-dependent and SOCS1-mediated regulation of hepatic fibrogenic response, and to elucidate the regulatory functions of SOCS1 in HSC activation. Liver fibrosis was induced in Socs1^−/−Ifng^−/− mice with dimethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride. Ifng^−/− and C57BL/6 mice served as controls. Following fibrogenic treatments, Socs1^−/−Ifng^−/− mice showed elevated serum ALT levels and increased liver fibrosis compared to Ifng^−/− mice. The latter group showed higher ALT levels and fibrosis than C57BL/6 controls. The livers of SOCS1-deficient mice showed bridging fibrosis, which was associated with increased accumulation of myofibroblasts and abundant collagen deposition. SOCS1-deficient livers showed increased expression of genes coding for smooth muscle actin, collagen, and enzymes involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix, namely matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Primary HSCs from SOCS1-deficient mice showed increased proliferation in response to growth factors such as HGF, EGF and PDGF, and the fibrotic livers of SOCS1-deficient mice showed increased expression of the Pdgfb gene. Taken together, these data indicate that SOCS1 controls liver fibrosis independently of IFNγ and that part of this regulation may occur via regulating HSC proliferation and limiting growth factor availability.     

外源H2O2对盐碱混合胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗生长和抗性生理的影响

为探讨信号分子过氧化氢（H₂O₂）增强裸燕麦盐碱耐性的作用及其生理机制,以裸燕麦品种‘定莜6号’为材料,在日光温室内用珍珠岩培养幼苗至三叶一心期时叶面喷施0.01 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂的同时根部浇灌75 mmol·L^-1盐碱混合溶液（NaCl：Na₂SO₄：NaHCO₃：Na₂CO₃=12：8：9：1）或添加H₂O₂淬灭剂二甲基硫脲（DMTU）,研究对幼苗生长及叶片光合色素含量、活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质积累的影响。结果表明：喷施H₂O₂能够缓解盐碱混合胁迫对裸燕麦幼苗生长的抑制,提高幼苗根长、株高和植株干重及叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性,降低超氧阴离子、H₂O₂、丙二醛、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸含量,促进抗氧化物质类黄酮、总酚和原花青素及渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸积累。添加DMTU部分或完全逆转了H₂O₂的上述作用。采用隶属函数综合评价显示,喷施H₂O₂提高了盐碱混合胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗的综合评价值D,添加DMTU完全逆转了H₂O₂对D值的提升作用。表明外源H₂O₂通过参与活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质积累等生理代谢调控缓解盐碱混合胁迫诱导的氧化伤害和生长抑制,从而提高裸燕麦对盐碱胁迫的适应能力。     

肝切除手术治疗肝包虫病的疗效及对患者预后和肝功能的影响

目的:探讨肝切除手术治疗肝包虫病的疗效及对患者预后和肝功能的影响。方法:选取2015年2月-2018年5月期间我院收治的肝包虫病患者103例为研究对象,所有患者根据手术方式的不同分为A组(n=51,行外膜内完整外囊摘除术)和B组(n=52,行肝切除手术),比较两组患者围术期临床指标、肝功能指标、并发症发生情况,随访半年,记录两组患者随访期间死亡及原位复发情况。结果:B组术中出血量少于A组,手术时间、术后拔管时间以及住院时间均短于A组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前比较,两组患者术后3 d、术后7 d谷丙转氨酶、胆红素以及谷草转氨酶均升高,但B组低于A组(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后3 d、术后7 d白蛋白降低,但B组高于A组(P0.05);与术后3 d比较,两组患者术后7d谷丙转氨酶、胆红素以及谷草转氨酶均降低,白蛋白升高(P0.05)。B组术后并发症总发生率为7.69%(4/52),低于A组的23.52%(12/51),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组随访期间无患者死亡,原位复发率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肝切除手术治疗肝包虫病患者安全有效,可减少术中出血量,促进患者术后康复,减轻手术对肝功能的影响,且术后复发率较低,患者预后较好。     

FGF-21抑制HSC-T6细胞活化的抗肝纤维化作用及其机制的研究

目的:探索成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF-21)对肝星形细胞T6(HSC-T6)活化的作用及其作用机制。方法:1640+10%胎牛血清的培养基培养HSC-T6细胞,实验分为5组:正常对照组(Control)、模型组(Model 20 m M乙醇处理细胞12 h)、低剂量FGF-21组(LFGF-21,0.5μmol/L)、中剂量FGF-21组(MFGF-21,1.0μmol/L)和高剂量FGF-21组(HFGF-21,2.0μmol/L)。Real-time PCR检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、胶原蛋白Ⅰ(CollagenⅠ)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP9)和Notch2的m RNA水平,Western blot检测CollagenⅠ、α-SMA、MMP2、MMP9和Notch2的蛋白水平,ELISA检测IL-1β、TNF-α的蛋白水平。结果:模型组α-SMA、CollagenⅠ、MMP2、MMP9、IL-1β、TNF-α、Notch2的水平高于对照组(P0.05),HFGF-21组α-SMA、CollagenⅠ、MMP2、MMP9、IL-1β、TNF-α、Notch2的水平均低于模型组(P0.05)。结论:FGF-21可抑制Notch2的表达,抑制炎症反应,从而抑制HSC的活化,发挥抗肝纤维化作用。     

Antifibrotic effect of methylated quercetin derivatives on TGFβ-induced hepatic stellate cells

Quercetin (QCT) and isorhamnetin (ISO), natural flavonoids, were both shown to possess antifibrotic activity in in vivo and in vitro models of hepatic fibrosis. Although ISO is a direct metabolite of QCT differing by a methyl group, it has been reported to be absorbed more adequately and eliminated slower than QCT after oral administration. Our aim of the study was to investigate biological effect of mono-methylated QCT derivatives against fibrosis using rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6). All test derivatives were synthesized from QCT. HSC-T6 cells were induced by TGFβ and treated with derivatives followed by cell proliferation assay, immunofluorescence staining of αSMA, and gene expression analysis of fibrosis markers. All compounds showed a dose- and time-dependent antiproliferation effect. ISO, 3-O-methylquercetin (3MQ), and rhamnetin (RHA) reduced αSMA mRNA; 3MQ prevented the augmentation of collagen I mRNA; and compounds, except azaleatin and 3MQ, reduced Timp1 mRNA expression in TGFβ-induced HSCs. In conclusion, each compound had singular effect against different features of fibrosis depending on the position of methyl group although the further mechanism of action of compounds during fibrosis development remains to be investigated. These findings suggest that antifibrotic effect of quercetin can be enhanced by adding methyl group on functionally important position.     

Analysis of terminal sugar moieties and species-specificities of acrosome reaction-inducing substance in Xenopus (ARISX)

The acrosome reaction of Xenopus sperm is triggered by the acrosome reaction-inducing substance in Xenopus (ARISX), an oviductal pars recta-derived, sugar-rich substance decorated on the entire surface of the vitelline envelope (VE) during ovulation. Here we addressed the functional importance of the sugar moiety in ARISX. Among various lectins examined, soybean agglutinin and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin were shown to abolish the acrosome reaction-inducing activity of ARISX present in pars recta extract or on the VE, indicating the importance of the terminal alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residue for the function of ARISX. Consistently, the acrosome reaction-inducing activity was not affected by proteinase K digestion, in spite of the simultaneous shift of ARISX to a smaller molecular weight. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopic examinations showed that ARISX was distributed as two types of structures on VE; thick fiber-like materials and thin filamentous materials, and that a new structure appeared on the fertilization envelope instead of the thin filamentous materials. Sperm from several amphibian species were subjected to an in vitro assay during induction of the acrosome reaction with ARISX. The resulting limited population of sperm from a non-Xenopus species underwent acrosome reaction, implying a weak species-specificity of ARISX.