血液透析对急性百草枯中毒的临床疗效分析

目的：探讨血液透析（hemodilalysis,HD）治疗急性百草枯中毒的临床疗效,为临床应用HD治疗急性百草枯中毒提供依据。方法：选择我院2003 年3 月~2012 年7 月收治的百草枯中毒患者40 例,根据患者使用是否行透析治疗分为透析组（A组17 例）和非透析组（B 组23 例）,比较分析两组患者治疗后的肝功能、肾功能、肺功能及心肌酶学指标的变化,治疗效果及存活情况。结果：两组患者入院后前3 天ALT、AST、BUN、CR、CK、CK-MB 水平均呈上升趋势,且非透析组患者以上指标的水平高于透析组患者,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,入院后第7 天,两组以上指标的比较亦无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;两组患者之间入院时和入院后72小时内最低的SPO2%、血气分析中PaO2和PaCO2水平比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;透析组和非透析组患者的病死率分别为70.6%和69.6%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：百草枯溶液中毒的患者预后差、病死率高,血液透析治疗并不能显著提高急性百草枯中毒患者的生存率。     

终末期肾病透析患者的疲劳与生活质量的相关性研究

目的:评价终末期肾病行透析治疗患者的疲劳,探讨疲劳的影响因素及其与生活质量之间的相关性。方法:采用自行设计的患者一般情况调查问卷、多维疲劳量表MIF-20、健康状况问卷量表SF-36对204例ESRD进行血液透析与腹膜透析治疗的患者进行调查,分析治疗效果差异之间的相关因素。结果:204例透析患者的疲劳总分为60.47+11.75;经多元线性逐步回归分析透析患者疲劳的主要相关因素为年龄、文化程度、经济状况;除疲劳的活动减少与生活质量的躯体疼痛、情感职能无显著相关外,两者总分及各维度之间均呈显著性负相关。结论:终末期肾病透析患者存在重度疲劳;临床上重视患者的疲劳评估,进行有效干预,提高患者生活质量。     

低钙透析液联合醋酸钙对血液透析患者高磷血症的影响

目的：研究低钙透析液联合醋酸钙治疗对血液透析患者血磷、血钙及甲状旁腺激素iPTH水平的影响。方法：将30例维持性血液透析患者随机分为试验组和对照组,在试验期间所有患者均低磷饮食,两组透析液钙浓度均为1．25mmol／L,试验组同时给予醋酸钙治疗,对照组不应用醋酸钙治疗,三个月后观察和比较两组患者的血钙、血磷及血iPTH水平的变化。结果：治疗前,两组各组血磷、血钙、血磷和血iPTH的水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后,对照组血钙水平明显下降（P〈0．05）,血iPTH水平略上升但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,血磷水平无显著变化（P〉0．05）;试验组血iPTH水平略下降（P〉0．05）,血钙水平无明显变化（P〉0．05）,但血磷明显下降（P〈0．05）;且试验组血磷水平较对照组明显下降（P〈0．05）,血钙水平显著高于对照组（P〈O．05）,但在正常范围内,两组血iPTH水平比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：低钙透析液联合醋酸钙治疗可有效降低血液透析患者的血磷水平,且不会导致高钙血症的发生。     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗对慢性肾衰竭患者肾功能、微炎症状态和血液净化效果的影响

目的:探讨血液透析(HD)联合血液灌流(HP)治疗对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者肾功能、微炎症状态和血液净化效果的影响。方法:选取2015年3月-2017年3月期间我院收治的CRF患者90例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=45)和研究组(n=45),对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予HD治疗,研究组在对照组治疗的基础上给予HD联合HP治疗,对比两组治疗前后的肾功能、微炎症状态、血液净化效果。结果:治疗后研究组肌酐清除率(Ccr)较对照组增加,血尿氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)较对照组下降(P0.05)。治疗后研究组白细胞介素(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平较对照组下降(P0.05)。治疗后研究组同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)及β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平较对照组下降(P0.05)。研究组总不良反应发生率为4.44%(2/45),低于对照组的15.56%(7/45)(P0.05)。结论:HD联合HP治疗CRF,能够有效改善患者肾功能和炎症反应,清除肾脏内的有毒物质,从而提升血液净化效果,且安全性较好。     

A Novel Murine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: The Surgical Procedure in Detail

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) still suffers from a high number of failures caused by insufficient remodeling and intimal hyperplasia from which the exact pathophysiology remains unknown. In order to unravel the pathophysiology a murine model of AVF-failure was developed in which the configuration of the anastomosis resembles the preferred situation in the clinical setting. A model was described in which an AVF is created by connecting the venous end of the branch of the external jugular vein to the side of the common carotid artery using interrupted sutures. At a histological level, we observed progressive stenotic intimal lesions in the venous outflow tract that is also seen in failed human AVFs. Although this procedure can be technically challenging due to the small dimensions of the animal, we were able to achieve a surgical success rate of 97% after sufficient training. The key advantage of a murine model is the availability of transgenic animals. In view of the different proposed mechanisms that are responsible for AVF failure, disabling genes that might play a role in vascular remodeling can help us to unravel the complex pathophysiology of AVF failure.     

血液透析联合血液透析滤过对患者营养及微炎症指标的影响

目的:探讨血液透析(HD)联合血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养及微炎症指标的影响。方法:选择2005年12月到2014年12月在我院接受治疗的140例MHD患者,随机分为HD组(n=70)和HD+HDF组(n=70)。比较两组患者治疗前后营养不良-炎症评分(MIS)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、握力(HS)、肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)的变化。结果:治疗后,HD+HDF组患者MIS明显降低,ALB、PA、Hb、HS、TSF明显升高(均P0.05),且各指标改善程度均优于HD组(均P0.05);治疗后,HD+HDF组患者相比于治疗前和HD组治疗后,CRP、IL-6明显降低(均P0.05)。结论:HD联合HDF较单纯HD能更好的改善患者营养状态,减轻微炎症反应。     

血液灌流联合血液透析对慢性肾衰竭患者炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG的影响

目的：探索血液灌流（HP）联合血液透析（HD）对慢性肾衰竭（Chronic renal failure, CRF）患者炎症因子及同型半胱氨酸 （Hcy）、甲状腺旁素（PTH）、beta2- 微球蛋白(beta2-MG)的影响。方法：选择自2012 年10 月至2014 年9 月我院收治的98 例CRF 患 者,按照随机数表法将患者分成HD 组和HP 联合HD组（HP+HD组）,每组49 例,两组采用相应疗法治疗。由专业的医师对所有 患者治疗前及治疗后1 个月、2 个月、3 个月血清中的炎性因子（IL-1beta、IL-6、IL-8、CRP、TNF-alpha及PCT）及Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG 水平 进行检测并统计分析。结果：与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后1 个月、2 个月、3 个月血清中的炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG水平 均不同程度下降,而HP+HD组患者在各个时间点血清中的炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG水平均明显低于HD组,且差异均具有 统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：HP 联合HD较单独使用HD 治疗CRF患者具有更好的疗效,可以明显降低患者体内的炎症因子及 Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG 水平,对于临床上治疗CRF具有重要的指导意义。     

维持性血液透析患者血清sTWEAK水平与冠状动脉钙化的相关性研究

目的:探讨维持性血液透析患者血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡微弱诱导剂(s TWEAK)水平与冠状动脉钙化的关系。方法:选择维持性血液透析患者60例和健康对照组30例,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附技术测定其血清s TWEAK水平,采用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)测定其冠状动脉钙化积分(CACs),比较两组的血清s TWEAK水平、CACs,并分析二者的相关性及血液透析患者冠状动脉钙化的危险因素。结果:血液透析患者血清s TWEAK水平显著低于正常对照组,分别为186.23(148.35,220.74)pg/m L和265.13(210.91,298.22)pg/m L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。CACs>400的血液透析患者血清s TWEAK水平显著高于CACs≤400者,分别为220.73(189.70,251.67)pg/m L和146.07(138.43,180.11)pg/m L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Spearman等级相关分析显示血液透析患者的血清s TWEAK水平与患者的CACs呈明显正相关(r=0.482,P<0.01)。多因素逐步回归分析显示影响血液透析患者CACs严重程度的因素有血清s TWEAK水平、年龄、透析龄、糖尿病(P<0.05)。结论:维持性血液透析患者血清s TWEAK水平较正常人降低,但在血液透析患者s TWEAK范围内,高水平的血清s TWEAK水平与重度冠状动脉钙化相关;血清s TWEAK可能参与了血液透析患者冠状动脉钙化的发生、发展。     

醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的：研究并评价醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法：以2013 年 8 月至2015 年2 月在我院进行维持性血液透析的50 例患者作为研究对象,按照随机法分为两组,其中对照组患者给予醋酸钙治 疗,研究组患者给予醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后全段甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积的变化。结果：与对 照组比较,研究组患者全段甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积水平均在正常范围内,较对照组有明显改善(P<0.05);研究组全段甲 状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积达标率分别为68.00%、84.00%、64.00%、80.00%,与对照组比较,血磷达标率不具有统计学差异 (P＞0.05);全段甲状旁腺素、血钙及钙磷乘积达标率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析 患者甲状旁腺素、钙磷代谢的改善效果较单用醋酸钙更佳。     

Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients undergoing erythropoietin and erythropoietin-vitamin E combined therapy

In this study, plasma and red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant status and plasma lipid peroxidation were investigated in 46 hemodialysis patients. In addition, the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO-vitamin E combination therapy on plasma and RBC antioxidant status, and plasma lipid peroxidation were examined.

There were 10 healthy subjects in the control group and 10 hemodialysis patients in the untreated group. The third group included 36 hemodialysis patients that were given EPO (100 U/kg) for 3 months, 3 times per week. The fourth group included 36 hemodialysis-patients from the EPO group that were given EPO at a 50% decreased dose + vitamin E (300 mg/day) for 3 months.

MDA levels in the untreated group, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be higher than the control group (p<0.001, in both). Furthermore, MDA levels in both of the treatment groups were lower when compared to the untreated group (p<0.001, in both). Plasma vitamin E levels in the untreated, the EPO group and EPO + vitamin E groups were lower than the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, plasma vitamin E levels in the treatment groups were higher in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). SOD activities in the untreated, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be lower than the control group (p<0.001). SOD activities in the treatment groups were higher than the control group (p<0.001). The SOD activities in the EPO + vitamin E group increased when compared to the EPO group (p<0.001). CAT activities in the untreated, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be lower than the control group (p<0.001 in untreated and EPO groups, p<0.01 in EPO + vitamin E group). CAT activities in EPO and EPO + vitamin E groups were increased when compared to the untreated group (p<0.01).

In conclusion, our findings have shown that antioxidant status decreased and lipid peroxidation increased in hemodialysis patients. EPO has an antioxidant effect on the RBC and plasma antioxidant status, and plasma lipid peroxidation. These effects were moderately increased by the combination of vitamin E and EPO.