遥感探测土地植被覆盖指数的准确度评估

GIS数据的准确度一直是GIS应用的考虑事项。用虚例和实例揭示了土地植被覆盖指数的准确度与图像分类的准确度之间的复杂关系,并进一步用数学方式进行了解释。土地植被覆盖指数的准确度取决于图像分类准确度,但与分类总准确度没有直接关系。用户和产家准确度比总准确度对土地植被覆盖指数的准确度具有更直接的控制,所以在图像分类报告中不应被忽略为了保证土地植被覆盖指数的准确度,某土地类型的用户和产家准确度应该尽可能一致,同时要使得这两个准确度数值越高越好。     

基于红外相机的四川亚丁国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性初报

2017年5～11月,我们在四川亚丁国家级自然保护区内共布设64台红外相机,对保护区内的兽类和鸟类多样性进行了调查。经过8 394个相机工作日的调查,我们共鉴定出分属9目26科共56种的野生兽类和鸟类,其中国家Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物分别有5种和13种,被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)、易危(VU)、近危(NT)的野生动物分别有2种、3种和6种。相对多度指数居前三位的兽类和鸟类分别是毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、珀氏长吻松鼠(Dremomys pernyi)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)和血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)、大噪鹛(Garrulax maximus)、雉鹑(Tetraophasis obscurus)。本次调查初步了解了亚丁保护区内鸟兽的种类、丰富度、分布以及人为干扰情况,是亚丁国家级自然保护区第一次开展鸟兽的本底资源调查和研究。我们的调查结果对掌握亚丁国家级自然保护区的鸟兽种类和分布现状等本底资料具有重要意义,同时也为保护区今后的科研工作及开展野生动物的保护管理和长期监测提供了数据支持和指导。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar improves drought tolerance in chickpea

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and biochar amendment has been reported to improve growth of several crop plants however their role in stress amelioration individually as well as in combination has not been worked out. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of AMF and biochar on the performance of chickpea under drought stress. The treatments included the individual as well as combined treatment of AMF and biochar to drought stressed and normal chickpea plants. Plants inoculation improved growth in terms of shoot and root length, leaf area and number of branches which was observed to show a steep decline due to drought stress. Drought declined the AMF colonization potential though biochar amendment ameliorated the negative effects of drought significantly by improving the spore population, number of mycelium, vesicle and arbuscules and the percentage of colonization as well. Increased chlorophyll synthesis in biochar and AMF treated plants was obvious, which lead to significant enhancement in the net photosynthetic efficiency. Drought stress also declined the relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI), while treatment of biochar and AMF either individually or in combination mitigated the deleterious effects to considerable extent and caused a significant enhancement in RWC and MSI under normal conditions. Amendments with biochar and AMF inoculation increased the nitrogen fixation attributes including the number and weight of nodules, leghemoglobin content and activity of nitrate reductase enzyme leading to greater uptake and assimilation of nitrogen in them when compared to drought stressed plants. Drought stressed chickpea plants exhibited considerable reduction in uptake of nitrogen and phosphorous which was ameliorated by biochar and AMF treatments. It could be suggested that increase in growth and physiological attributes in chickpea due to biochar amendments and AMF inoculation under drought stress were plausibly due to their involvement in nitrogen and phosphorous uptake, chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis.     

Evidence at hand: Diversity, functional implications, and locomotor prediction in intrinsic hand proportions of diprotodontian marsupials

Knowledge about the diversity, locomotor adaptations, and evolution of the marsupial forelimb is limited, resulting in an underrepresentation of marsupials in comparative anatomical literature on mammalian forelimb anatomy. This study investigated hand proportions in the diverse marsupial order Diprotodontia. Fifty-two measurements of 95 specimens representing 47 species, as well as 6 non-diprotodontian specimens, were explored using principal components analysis (PCA). Bootstrapping was used to assess the reliability of the loadings. Phylogenetically independent contrasts and phylogenetic ANOVA were used to test for correlation with size and functional adaptation of forelimbs for locomotor habit, scored as arboreal vs. terrestrial. Analysis of first principal component (PC1) scores revealed significant differences between arboreal and terrestrial species, and was related to relative slenderness of their phalangeal elements. Both locomotor groups displayed allometry along PC1 scores, but with different intercepts such that PC1 discriminated between the two locomotor habits almost completely. PC2 separated some higher-level clades and burrowing species. Analysis of locomotor predictors commonly applied by palaeontologists indicates that ratios between proximal and intermediate phalanges were unsuitable as predictors of arboreality/terrestriality, but the phalangeal index was more effective. From PCA results, a phalangeal slenderness ratio was developed which proved to be a useful discriminator, suggesting that a single unallocated phalanx can be used for an impression of locomotor mode in fossils. Most Diprotodontia are laterally paraxonic or ectaxonic, with the exception of digging species whose hands are medially paraxonic. Our results complement those of studies on placental mammals, suggesting that the demands of arboreality, terrestriality, or frequent digging on intrinsic hand proportions are met with similar anatomical adaptations in marsupials.     

温-压热降解实验中松粉的演变特征

松粉温-压模拟实验研究表明,热演变过程中随颜色加深,花粉个体大小收缩率可达40％以上,并且气囊比本体收缩率更高。因此,在孢粉化石鉴定时应考虑热演变程度对孢粉形态的影响。花粉热变指数、H／C、O／C原子比及镜质体反射率都是良好的热成熟度指标,前者在未熟-低熟阶段反映演变程度更为敏感,后者进入成熟阶段以后,能更详尽地描述热演变程度。花粉属于Ⅱ1型干酪根,含有大量的类脂组分,是一类良好的生油母质,其生烃能力与浮游藻类接近。     

黄土高原地区提取植被信息方法的研究

研究评价了适于黄土高原地区植被信息提取的最佳植被指数和方法。该地区分布有落叶阔叶林、草原和荒漠,植被类型丰富多样。然而土壤背景对植被信息提取有较大影响。经对比分析,修正后的土壤调节植被指数（ＭＳＡＶＩ）, 不仅能增强植被信号,并能大大减小土壤背景的影响,同时又能宏观地反映该地区植被类型的分布状况。它是黄土高原地区目前提取植被信息较好的植被指数。标准化差值植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）、土壤调节植被指数（ＳＡＶＩ）和垂直植被指数（ＰＶＩ）分别适用于高密度、中等密度和稀少植被地区植被信息的提取和监测。各种植被指数多时象累加产生的图像能较好地提取植被信息     

不同体质量指数对腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术患者临床疗效和远期预后的影响

摘要 目的：研究不同体质量指数（BMI）对腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术患者临床疗效和远期预后的影响。方法：将从2014年1月～2016年1月于我院接受腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术治疗的110例患者纳入研究。将所有受试者根据BMI的差异分作正常组（18.6 kg/m²≦BMI<23.0 kg/m²）35例、超重组（23.0 kg/m²≦BMI<25.0 kg/m²）53例、肥胖组（BMI≧25.0 kg/m²）22例。分析三组患者各项基线资料,临床疗效,术后并发症发生情况,远期预后等方面的差异。结果：三组患者各项基线资料比较差异均不明显（均P＞0.05）。肥胖组手术时长为（268.01±36.14）min,均明显高于正常组、超重组的（211.73±30.56）min、（224.12±34.87）min（均P＜0.05）;三组术中失血量、肛门排气时间以及住院康复时间对比均不明显（均P＞0.05）。三组患者术后肺部感染、下肢静脉血栓、切口感染以及吻合口出血发生率对比均不明显（均P＞0.05）。正常组5年生存率为45.71%（16/35）,超重组5年生存率为47.17%（25/53）,肥胖组5年生存率为45.45%（10/22）,三组比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论：不同BMI对腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术患者的手术时长具有一定影响,但和远期预后无关,值得临床重点关注。     

Further studies on the regulation of the Harderian glands of golden hamsters by the thyroid gland

Summary Long-term increased or decreased circulating levels of thyroid hormones significantly modify porphyrin concentrations and morphology in the Harderian glands of male and female hamsters. Administration of T₃ reduced porphyrin concentrations in females; this treatment or decreasing thyroid hormone levels with KClO₄ suppressed the post-castration rise of porphyrins in males. Hypophysectomy led to increased porphyrins in the Harderian glands of males; this rise was suppressed in hypophysectomized males by T₃ or T₄. In females, hypophysectomy reduced porphyrins which were further reduced by daily administration of T₃ or T₄. These modifications in the normal females were identical in castrated males. Mitotic activity in the Harderian glands of females was stimulated by KClO₄ and by hypophysectomy with or without exogenous T₃. In males, castration increased mitotic activity which was suppressed by T₃ and exacerbated by KClO₄. Increased mitotic activity seemingly follows loss of tissue mass. The data show that thyroid hormones act directly on the Harderian glands rather than indirectly through modification of TSH synthesis/release. Female type glands in males are a consequence of loss of gonadal androgens by castration, or by suppression or loss of thyroid hormones by hypophysectomy or by treatment with KClO₄. However, male type glands in females are the result of androgen treatment, and/or increased levels of thyroid hormones via reduced ambient temperatures or of photic input. We conclude that regulation of the Harderian gland appears to be different in the two sexes.Abbreviations T ₃ Triiodothyronine - T ₄ Thyroxine - TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - KClO ₄ Potassium Perchlorate - h hours - ml milliliter - mg milligram - g gram - male - female - castrated male - AP hypophysectomized - CON Control - ALA delta aminole-vulenic acid - HG Harderian Gland     

6种杀菌剂对金线莲病害及生长的影响

以福建产金线莲Anoectochilus roxburghii为材料,研究不同杀菌剂对金线莲病害防治及生长指标动态的影响。结果表明,多菌灵和甲基托布津对金线莲病害的防治效果较好,相对防治效果达到55.3%和47.1%;而百菌清和叶枯唑对病害的相对防治效果虽只有26.9%和5.3%,但二者处理对金线莲的茎粗和叶面积的增长有明显的促进作用。精甲霜·锰锌和乙蒜素在病害防治及促进生长指标方面无突出表现。