广东省2020年首次报道E基因型柯萨奇病毒B组3型的鉴定及基因特征分析

柯萨奇病毒B组3型(Coxsackievirus B3,CVB3)是肠道病毒中流行较为广泛的血清型之一,在全球多个国家和地区曾报道儿童急性心肌炎、无菌性脑膜炎、手足口病等的暴发流行,严重威胁儿童健康和公共卫生安全。本研究对广东省2020年手足口病患者标本中分离到的8株CVB3进行基因特征和进化分析,结果显示分离到的8株CVB3 VP1区核苷酸序列相似性为98.2%~99.5%,与原型株Nancy的核苷酸序列相似性在77.9%~78.5%之间,与其他CVB3中国大陆流行株的核苷酸序列相似性为79.6%~82.2%。8株CVB3均为E基因型,为广东省首次报道。8株CVB3分离株在进化树上聚集,提示病毒发生了局部传播。全基因组序列分析提示2株广东CVB3分离株在非结构蛋白区有重组现象的发生。本研究为E基因型CVB3在我国的流行传播和疾病防控提供基础资料。     

宁夏回、汉族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

调查了宁夏回、汉族拇指类型,环食指长、扣手,交叉臂及惯用手等5项人类遗传学经典指标,结果显示：（1）2民族间环食指长百分率有极的差异（P＜0．01）,拇指类型,扣手,交叉臂及惯用手百分率无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,（2）拇指类型,扣手,交叉臂及惯用手百分率无性别间差异,男性环指长百分率高于女性,差异显著（P＜0．05）。（3）惯用手与扣手,交叉臂之间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间无关。     

窄谱中波紫外线联合复方甘草酸苷片治疗手部湿疹的疗效观察及对外周血IFN-γ、IL-4水平的影响

目的：探讨窄谱中波紫外线（NB—UVB）联合复方甘草酸苷片治疗手部湿疹的的疗效及其对外周血疗效观察IFN-γ、IL-4水平的影响。方法：选取手部湿疹患者160例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各80例。对照组给予尿素乳膏涂于患处,观察组采用NB-UVB皮损局部照射联合复方甘草酸苷片治疗,均连续治疗4周。治疗前后观察临床表现、EASI评分、血清IFN-γ、IL-4,记录不良反应。结果：治疗后,观察组与对照组总有效率分别为90．00％、72．50％（P〈0．05）,EASI评分均不同程度的降低（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,且观察组EAsI评分低于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组血清WN-γ水平降低,几4升高（P〈0．05）,且与对照组相应指标比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组均未见明显的不良反应。结论：窄谱中波紫外线联合复方甘草酸苷片治疗手部湿疹具有较高的临床总有效率,改善了手部湿疹的皮损状况,调节了Th1／Th2细胞因子趋于平衡,且具有较高的安全性,对手部湿疹的临床治疗具有一定的指导意义。     

不同种类无机盐对灰毡毛忍冬“渝蕾1号”悬浮培养体系中细胞生长和绿原酸含量的影响

为提高灰毡毛忍冬"渝蕾1号"悬浮培养体系中绿原酸的含量,该研究探讨了B_5培养基中不同浓度的无机盐对灰毡毛忍冬"渝蕾1号"悬浮培养细胞生物量及绿原酸含量的影响,通过在悬浮培养体系中添加不同浓度的无机盐,采用重量法测定灰毡毛忍冬"渝蕾1号"悬浮培养细胞的生物量及采用高效液相色谱法测定绿原酸的含量。结果表明:当硝态氮和铵态氮配比与B_5培养基中硝态氮和铵态氮配比一致时,即NO_3~-/NH_4~+摩尔比值为13∶1时,培养体系有利于细胞的生长和绿原酸的积累。当KNO_3浓度为3.5 g·L~(-1)时,细胞生物量达到最大,为19.26 g·L~(-1);当KNO_3在较低浓度(0.5 g·L~(-1)和1.5 g·L~(-1))时,积累较多的绿原酸。NO_3~-的两项研究结果均与对照浓度(2.5g·L~(-1))有一定的差异。另外,对(NH_4)_2SO_4来说,在高于对照浓度0.134 g·L~(-1),即浓度为0.268 g·L~(-1)时,生物量和绿原酸含量都达到了最大。P、Ca、Mg三种矿质元素的研究结果表明,当Na H_2PO_4·2H_2O浓度为0.10 g·L~(-1)、Ca Cl_2的浓度为0.20 g·L~(-1)时,细胞的生长和绿原酸的积累均可达到最大值;而对Mg~(2+)来说,低浓度促进细胞的生长,高浓度促进绿原酸的积累。兼顾细胞生物量和绿原酸含量两个指标,需选择适中的浓度。这些结果均与对照浓度有一定的差异。这说明灰毡毛忍冬"渝蕾1号"悬浮细胞所需无机盐的浓度与B_5培养基无机盐的浓度有一定的差异,选择适宜的浓度可促进其悬浮细胞的生长及次生代谢产物绿原酸的积累。该研究结果为绿原酸的工业化生产打下了基础。     

2008～2009年青岛地区手足口病病原学的调查分析

本研究对2008～2009年青岛地区手足口病的病原学进行调查研究。首先对HFMD病例的咽拭子标本直接进行病毒核酸的提取,然后采用多重荧光逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法对总肠道病毒(Enterovirus,EV)、肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus Type 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Coxsackievirus Group A 16,CVA16)进行检测,对EV阳性而EV71和CVA16均阴性的标本采用半巢式反转录PCR进行肠道病毒VP1基因部分序列的扩增和序列分析以鉴定其血清型别。结果提示2008～2009年青岛地区手足口病的主要病原为EV71和CVA16,无论轻症和重症病例,EV71的比例都大于CVA16。2008年共获得5个(8株)其它血清型,分别是柯萨奇病毒(Cox-sackievirus,CV)的A5、A6、A10、A12及埃可病毒9(Echovirus 9,E9),血清型分布比较分散、均匀。2009年共获得3个其它血清型(13株),分别是CVA9、CVA12及CVB2,CVA12所占比例较大(11/13),分布比较集中。CVA12成为2009年青岛地区HFMD病原中除EV71和CVA16外,新的较为流行的病原。     

Functional morphology of cercopithecoid primate metacarpals

The primate fossil record suggests that terrestriality was more common in the past than it is today, particularly among cercopithecoid primates. Whether or not a fossil primate habitually preferred terrestrial substrates has typically been inferred from its forelimb anatomy. Because extant large-bodied terrestrial cercopithecine monkeys utilize digitigrade hand postures during locomotion, being able to identify if a fossil primate habitually adopted digitigrade postures would be particularly revealing of terrestriality in this group. This paper examines the functional morphology of metacarpals in order to identify osteological correlates of digitigrade versus palmigrade hand postures. Linear measurements were obtained from 324 individuals belonging to digitigrade and palmigrade cercopithecoid species and comparisons were made between hand posture groups. Digitigrade taxa have shorter metacarpals, relative to both body mass and humerus length, than palmigrade taxa. Also, digitigrade taxa tend to have metacarpals with smaller dorsoventral diameters, relative to the product of body mass and metacarpal length, compared to palmigrade taxa. The size and shape of the metacarpal heads do not significantly differ between hand posture groups. Multivariate analyses suggest that metacarpal shape can only weakly discriminate between hand posture groups. In general, while there are some morphological differences in the metacarpals between hand posture groups, similarities also exist that are likely related to the fact that even digitigrade cercopithecoids can adopt palmigrade hand postures in different situations (e.g., terrestrial running, arboreal locomotion), and/or that the functional demands of different hand postures are not reflected in all aspects of metacarpal morphology. Therefore, the lack of identifiable adaptations for specific hand postures in extant cercopithecoids makes it difficult to determine a preference for specific habitats from fossil primate hand bones.     

Modelling hand skin temperature in relation to body composition

Skin temperature is a challenging parameter to predict due to the complex interaction of physical and physiological variations. Previous studies concerning the correlation of regional physiological characteristics and body composition showed that obese people have higher hand skin temperature compared to the normal weight people. To predict hand skin temperature in a different environment, a two-node hand thermophysiological model was developed and validated with published experimental data. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed which showed that the variations in skin blood flow and blood temperature are most influential on hand skin temperature. The hand model was applied to simulate the hand skin temperature of the obese and normal weight subgroup in different ambient conditions. Higher skin blood flow and blood temperature were used in the simulation of obese people. The results showed a good agreement with experimental data from the literature, with the maximum difference of 0.31 °C. If the difference between blood flow and blood temperature of obese and normal weight people was not taken into account, the hand skin temperature of obese people was predicted with an average deviation of 1.42 °C. In conclusion, when modelling hand skin temperatures, it should be considered that regional skin temperature distribution differs in obese and normal weight people.     

利巴韦林喷雾剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒对手足口病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清免疫球蛋白指标和炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨利巴韦林喷雾剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒对手足口病（HFMD）患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清免疫球蛋白指标和炎性因子的影响。方法：选择2019年8月至2022年6月期间我院收治的HFMD患儿90例作为考察对象。按照双色球法将患儿分为对照组和研究组,各为45例。在常规治疗的基础上,对照组接受利巴韦林喷雾剂治疗,研究组接受利巴韦林喷雾剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗。观察两组疗效、临床症状、血清免疫球蛋白指标、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标和炎性因子的变化,比较两组不良反应发生率。结果：与对照组的临床总有效率相比,研究组的明显更高（P<0.05）。研究组的退热时间、皮疹消失时间、口腔溃疡消退时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺升高,CD8⁺下降（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组,CD8⁺低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）指标：IgA、IgM、IgG升高（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组IgA、IgM、IgG高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）下降（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论：利巴韦林喷雾剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗HFMD患儿,可有效调节炎性因子水平和免疫功能,促进临床症状改善。