浙江百山祖自然保护区种子植物区系分析

统计分析了浙江庆元百山祖自然保护区的种子植物区系。该区共有种子植物 16 7科、70 0属、 15 45种 (含种下分类群 )。科的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多 ,达 33 5 % ,热带分布的科多于温带分布的科 (75 4 4) ,16个表征科中 ,大多也是以热带分布的科 ;本区以单种属和寡种属为主 ,属的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多 (2 0 2 % ) ,其次是北温带分布(13 9% ) ,热带分布与温带分布的属几相当 (30 4 317) ;种的分布区类型以中国特有种最多(4 8 4 % ) ,其次是东亚分布 (2 3 9% )和热带亚洲分布 (13 6 % )。以中国区系分区标准 ,将特有分布种划分成 9个分布亚型 ,其中以华东 -华中 -华南分布最多 (2 5 9种 )。百山祖自然保护区种子植物丰富 ,区系起源古老 ,地理成分多样 ,具有明显的华东南缘山地植物区系特征 ,并且拥有众多特有、珍稀濒危植物     

河南鸡公山国家级自然保护区昆虫多样性研究

2018年5-10月在河南鸡公山国家级自然保护区内开展了昆虫多样性调查工作,共采集到昆虫2110头,分别隶属于15目106科880种.其中以鳞翅目Lepidoptera(274种)、鞘翅目Coleoptera(206种)、半翅目Hemiptera(185种)和膜翅目Hymenoptera(89种)为主,种数占比分别为3...     

兴隆山自然保护区麝场圈养马麝刻板行为的比较

于2001年3月—2002年1月,采用焦点取样法对甘肃兴隆山自然保护区麝场圈养马麝的刻板行为进行了研究。结果表明:该麝场的圈养马麝有刻板行为的发育,雌麝的刻板行为持续时间少于雄麝,但二者间的差异不显著。野捕马麝幼年期的人工哺乳经历使其刻板行为表达强度相对小于麝场圈养下繁殖马麝。年龄对雌雄麝的刻板行为表达强度的效应相似,亚成体马麝的刻板行为表达较多,成体马麝体的刻板行为表达相对较少,老年马麝刻板行为持续时间最长,2.5和4.5岁是圈养马麝刻板行为发育的关键时期。此外,能顺利繁殖的个体,其刻板行为表达的持续时间少于繁殖失败的个体。     

四川宝顶沟大熊猫自然保护区发展管理策略讨论

对四川宝顶沟省级大熊猫自然保护区的管理现状、问题和机遇等进行了分析,提出了宝顶沟保护区未来一个时期内应坚持生态保护立区,生态监测强区,生命走廊兴区的发展管理定位及相关策略.     

广西弄岗国家级自然保护区蛤蚧分布与种群数量

2008年5～6月,采用访问调查和样线法,对弄岗国家级自然保护区蛤蚧Gekko gecko的分布和种群数量进行了调查.结果表明,弄岗片蛤蚧分布较多,陇山片和陇呼片分布较少;用样线法重点对弄岗片蛤蚧数量进行调查,根据统计数据计算出种群密度为13.45对/km2.     

大明山云贵山茉莉群落物种多度分布的Weibull模型

物种多度分布的分析对于了解群落物种多样性具有重要意义。Weibull模型是拟合物种多度分布的重要模型之一。在采用倍程对物种多度分组的基础上,用Weibull模型分别拟合广西大明山保护区云贵山茉莉群落乔木层、灌木层以及乔木+灌木物种的多度分布,结果三者均符合Weibull分布。由此表明所提出的方法应用于物种多度分布研究是理想的,从而完善了Weibull模型在物种多度分布上的应用。     

Dung survey bias and elephant population estimates in southern Mozambique

We used dung surveys to estimate population size and extracted an age structure from boli diameters for the elephants living in the Maputo Elephant Reserve. Our estimate was based on published defecation rates, dung decay rates, distance-sampling techniques and 1,672 dung piles encountered on 204 line-transects. The reserve had at least 311 (95% CI: 198–490) elephants at a density of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.38–0.94) per km². However, observer bias reduced effective strip widths and inflated estimates and their confidence limits. The age structure extrapolated from dung measurements indicated few newborn calves compared with other populations. To detect population changes of 2–5% at 80% power, dung surveys should be carried out every second year for the next 20 years using 100 transects of at least 500 m each. Comparison with a 1995 dung survey suggests that the population is stable and that previous fears of a major population decline during the civil war have no foundation.     

To which extent is the interdisciplinary evaluation approach of the CBD reflected in European and international biodiversity-related regulations?

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a major step forward towards an integrated approach of biodiversity and conservation to sustainable development. The CBD mentions in its preamble the intrinsic value of biological diversity and the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components. However, there are still grave implementation deficits in practise on global, European, and national level. Therefore, the following research analyses the extend to which the different values mentioned in the preamble of the CBD are already included into a selection of European and international regulations related to biodiversity and to which extent a condensed amount of the same criteria is applied for comprehensive, transparent, and comparable evaluations. The study reveals that the established European and international biodiversity-related regulations do not sufficiently consider the different values of biodiversity, but also do not relate them to the same incomplete criteria. They still follow the traditional nature conservation approach, which has failed to halt the loss of biodiversity. Democratic participatory processes are needed, which integrate the different measures of Agenda 21 while applying the interdisciplinary evaluation framework of biodiversity for sustainable development.     

Niche differentiation and preferences of Elaphrus cupreus Duftschmid, 1812 and Elaphrus uliginosus (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as reason for their different endangerment in Central Europe

Ecological demands were studied in Elaphrus cupreus, a frequent species, and E. uliginosus, one of the most endangered carabids in Europe. Ecological experiments were performed in the laboratory and the field in northern Germany. Abundance was measured using the mark-and-recatch method. Both species prefer sites with water content changes lower than 25%. E. uliginosus prefers higher temperatures than E. cupreus and niche breadth was on average wider in E. cupreus than in E. uliginosus. E. uliginosus is restricted to grassland sites with a low fraction (>0 and 25%) of bare soil. E. cupreus was mainly found on sites having >75–100% bare soil. This preference of E. uliginosus can be referred to its high temperature demands using open regions for warming up and its predatory behaviour using hideouts for a rapid predatory push. The wider niche structure and lower temperature demand of E. cupreus allows the inhabitation of cooler alder woods. It prefers large fractions of bare soil because its predatory behaviour is to run randomly on the soil. Thus, E. uliginosus demands wet extensively grazed grassland where cattle produces low fractions of bare soil, while E. cupreus prefers intensively grazed sites in grassland or alder woods.