Whistle characteristics of a newly recorded Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) population in waters southwest of Hainan Island,China, differ from other humpback dolphin populations

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) use whistles to communicate with their conspecifics. Little is known about the acoustic repertoire of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in waters southwest of Hainan Island, a newly recorded population in 2014. In this study, whistles of Hainan humpback dolphin population were collected by using autonomous acoustic recorders. The fundamental frequencies and durations of whistles were in ranges of 0.71–21.35 kHz and 0.06–2.22 s, respectively. Significant intraspecific differences in duration and frequency of whistles were found between the Hainan population and the other geographically neighboring populations (in Chinese waters) or the population in Malaysia waters. Compared with other Sousa species, significant interspecific differences were also observed. Based on clustering analysis, the whistle parameters of neighboring populations were likely similar to each other. Significant differences were found between humpback dolphins in waters southwest of Hainan Island and those dolphins in the neighboring areas, supporting the hypothesis that this population may be independent. Ambient noise measurements in waters of Hainan Island, Zhanjiang, and Sanniang Bay showed that humpback dolphin populations may use whistles with longer duration, lower frequency, and fewer inflection points for more effective communication to adapt to a noisier environment.     

Maikottia属骨骼微细构造及其分类

Ｍａｉｋｏｔｔｉａ Ｌａｕｒｕｓｅｖｉｃｈ,１９６７属是泡沫珊瑚目中较特殊的类型,呈多角块状复体。经电镜研究表明,其骨骼微细构造以晶片型层状骨骼为主,隔壁刺由复式杆晶榍组成,层状骨骼包绕隔壁刺,在隔壁刺内包绕和联结单杆晶榍。体壁和横板均由层状骨骼组成。本属的纤状骨骼属较原始简单类型－晶粒和短轴晶柱,它组成复式杆晶榍内单杆晶榍的轴带,并呈分散状排列。根据该属为泡沫珊瑚类型隔壁及复式杆晶榍,将其归入泡     

Phylogeography of Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera L.) across China: aggregate effects of refugia,introgression and riverine barriers

The role of Pleistocene glacial cycles in forming the contemporary genetic structure of organisms has been well studied in China with a particular focus on the Tibetan Plateau. However, China has a complex topography and diversity of local climates, and how glacial cycles may have shaped the subtropical and tropical biota of the region remains mostly unaddressed. To investigate the factors that affected the phylogeography and population history of a widely distributed and nondeciduous forest species, we analysed morphological characters, mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci in the Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera). In a pattern generally consistent with phenotypic clusters, but not nominal subspecies, deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages restricted to different geographic regions were detected. Coalescent simulations indicated that the time of main divergence events corresponded to major glacial periods in the Pleistocene and gene flow was only partially lowered by drainage barriers between some populations. Intraspecific cytonuclear discordance was revealed in mitochondrial lineages from Hainan Island and the Sichuan Basin with evidence of nuclear gene flow from neighbouring populations into the latter. Unexpectedly, hybridization was revealed in Yingjiang between the Silver Pheasant and Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) with wide genetic introgression at both the mtDNA and nuclear levels. Our results highlight a novel phylogeographic pattern in a subtropical area generated from the combined effects of climate oscillation, partial drainage barriers and interspecific hybridization. Cytonuclear discordance combined with morphological differentiation implies that complex historical factors shaped the divergence process in this biodiversity hot spot area of southern China.     

Pygathrix nemaeus in Hainan? new evidence,no resolution

The douc, Pygathrix nemaeus, isnow restricted to the Indochinese Peninsula. An enigmatic report of this species in Hainan, China, is based on a specimen preserved in the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden. Examination of this specimen and relevant museum records reveals (a) that the specimen belongs to the subspecies P. nemaeus nemaeusand (b) that the specimen was received from the Dresden Zoological Garden, which apparently provided information that it originated in Hainan. Evaluation of the reliability of this geographic information is now impossible, because relevant zoo records no longer exist. The provenance of the problematic specimen — Hainan or Indochinese Peninsula-remains an open question.     

海南东寨港红树林自然保护区的红树林

海南东寨港红树林自然保护区的红树林符国瑷（海南省林业局，海口５７０００３）ＴＨＥＭＡＮＧＲＯＶＥＳＯＦＤＯＮＧＺＨＡＩＧＡＮＧＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＲＥＳＥＲＶＥ，ＨＡＩＮＡＮ￥ＦｕＧｕｏａｉ（ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＨａｉｎａｎ，Ｈａｉｋｏｕ５７０...     

海南万宁青皮林群落多样性特征研究

根据样方调查,对海南万宁青皮林群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征和物种多样性进行分析。结果表明:(1)海南万宁青皮林自然保护区有维管植物137种,隶属于62科110属,其中热带性分布种达95.5%,群落属于热带雨林植被类型中的海岸单优青皮群落。(2)群落的优势种为青皮,外貌常绿,生活型以小高位芽为主(占35.04%),青皮种群表现为增长趋势。(3)群落的物种丰富度Magarlef指数为34.30,Shannon-Wienner指数为2.31,Simpson指数为0.99,均匀度Pielou指数为1.08。(4)群落各层次的丰富度表现为乔木层>灌木层>藤本植物>草本层,Simpson指数表现为灌木层>草本层>藤本植物>乔木层,Shannon-Wienner指数表现为灌木层>藤本植物>草本层>乔木层,均匀度表现为草本层>灌木层>藤本植物>乔木层,表明乔木层的物种丰富度最高,但分布最不均匀,优势种的优势地位突出。