沈阳市皇姑区中小学生家庭生态足迹

采用生态足迹成分法,分析了沈阳市皇姑区5所中小学校学生家庭消费对自然环境的影响.结果表明:食物是中小学生家庭生态足迹的主要消费项,占生态足迹总量的71%;从生态占用的土地类型构成看,耕地项最大,占总足迹的40%,是中小学校学生家庭消费所占用的主要土地类型;家庭收入高低与生态足迹大小并不呈正比例关系,收入高或低都可能产生较高的生态足迹.本研究结果有助于中小学生及其父母了解自己的消费对周围环境的影响,有利于提高中小学生的环境保护保意识.     

海南红树林生境中海疫霉种的分离与鉴定*

从海南琼山市东寨港红树林区、文昌市清澜港红树林区、三亚市红树林区落叶病斑上采集分离到15个海生疫霉菌株,经鉴定分属于二个海生疫霉菌种,其中11个菌株属泡囊海疫霉Halophytophthora vesicula (Anastasiou & Churchland) Ho & Jong,4个菌株属刺囊海疫霉圆裂变种Halophytophthora spinosa var. lobata (Fell & Master) Ho & Jong, 这两个种均属国内新纪录种。     

海南松涛水库发现越冬大鸢群

1997年冬季在海南省松涛水库发现 1 0 0多只鸢集群 ,鸢群出现位置为 1 0 9°39′E ,1 9°1 9′N ,出现的时间大约在 1 7:30时后 ,直到天黑 ,成群的鸢在山顶和水库的上空盘旋 ,持续时间长达 30多分钟。 1 998年 1 1月、1 2月及 1 999年 2月 ,还在这里发现鸢群 ,并在 1 999年 2月观察到鸢在该地筑巢。     

海南岛土壤质量的指标与量化表达研究

在海南岛SOTER数据库基础上,结合联合国有关原则与规定,选择表征土壤质量的若干指标项目组成体系,在GIS环境中对图斑的土壤质量进行评价,并将评价等级指数与空间数据库相连,根据用户需求将土壤质量的评价结构输出,结果得到当地有关专家的认可,建议通过当地实践结果,对模型进行了必要的修订（适当修改评价指标及量化标准）,使之更趋完善。     

Molecular and morphological studies on the Anopheles minimus group of mosquitoes in southern China: taxonomic review,distribution and malaria vector status

Abstract. Mosquitoes of the Anopheles minimus group (Diptera: Culicidae) from nine Provinces of southern China were identified morphologically and by molecular characterization, using single‐strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs) and sequence data for the D3 region of the 28S ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial COII locus. Species A and C (sensu Green et al., 1990 ) of the An. minimus complex were found to be sympatric in Yunnan Province. Species A occurs eastward from Yunnan through southern Guangxi, Hainan, Guangdong and Taiwan Provinces, whereas species C occurs northward to northern Guangxi, Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces. Morphological and molecular evidence (based on specimens from the field and four isofemale lines) shows that An. minimus forms A and B (sensu Yu & Li, 1984 ) are morphological variants of species A, which is accepted as An. minimus Theobald sensu stricto (type‐locality: Pokfulam, Hong Kong). The so‐called subspecies x of An. minimus (sensu Baba, 1950 ) is reinterpreted as An. aconitus Dönitz. The distribution and vector status of members of the An. minimus group are discussed in relation to the historical and current transmission of malaria and filariasis in China. Both An. minimus A and C have been implicated as widespread vectors of malaria, whereas only species A has been found in Hainan, where An. minimus s.l. was a vector of Bancroftian filariasis. The presence of An. aconitus in Hainan and Yunnan Provinces is confirmed, but the occurrence of An. varuna Iyengar and An. fluviatilis James, which were previously recorded in China, could not be verified.     

海南大田国家级自然保护区海南坡鹿容纳量的研究

以坡鹿采食的植物资源贮量及坡鹿日采食量的方法，估测海南大田国家级自然保护区的坡鹿容纳量，围栏内的坡鹿容纳量是每公顷１．０１－１．４２只，围栏外每公顷１．４０－１．８５只，在这一密度下，种群数量保持稳定，种群增长率等于零，为尽快增加种群数量改变坡鹿的濒危状态，应将坡鹿的数量控制在１／２容纳量以内，即围栏内容纳１５２－２１３只，围栏外容纳６９０－９０９只，应尽快扩大围栏面积并严格控制割取鹿茸的雄鹿比例     

基于InVEST模型的海南岛三大流域生境质量时空演变

基于1980—2020年5期土地利用数据,采用InVEST模型,综合应用土地利用转移、生境质量变化率和空间统计分析等方法,探究海南岛三大流域(南渡江、昌化江、万泉河)生境质量变化及其空间分布特征。结果表明: 海南岛三大流域土地利用类型以林地为主,占总面积的70%以上。1980—2020年间,海南岛三大流域建设用地面积增加量最大,达169.09 km²,主要来自耕地和林地。研究区生境质量整体呈现出上游源头区高、中下游区域低的空间分布格局,研究期间生境质量指数总体表现为先略微升高后显著降低的变化特征。在三大流域中,万泉河流域生境质量最高,昌化江流域次之,南渡江流域最低,且南渡江流域生境质量波动较大,受人为干扰较强。1980—2020年间,三大流域生境质量变化率总体降低0.5%,且在2010—2020年间退化明显。1980—2020年间,研究区生境质量在空间分布上具有较强的自相关性和显著的聚集性。三大流域生境质量的热点区主要集中在流域上游源头区域;冷点区主要分布在三大流域的入海口区域以及南渡江的中下游地区。研究结果可为海南岛三大流域生物多样性保护和生态修复提供数据支撑及科学参考。     

Analysis of the ecological vulnerability of the western Hainan Island based on its landscape pattern and ecosystem sensitivity

The ecological vulnerability of the western Hainan Island of China was assessed using a combined approach of landscape pattern and ecosystem sensitivity. Models were developed using the following five factors: reciprocal of fractal dimension (FD), isolation (FI), fragmentation (FN), sensitivity of land desertification (SD), and sensitivity of soil erosion (SW). The major findings include: (1) the vulnerability of various landscape types was in the following decreasing order: farmland > forestland > water area. This suggests that the ecosystems of farmland and forestland are unstable and sensitive to external disturbances; (2) significantly positive relationships were found between the vulnerability of landscape types (VI) and SD, VI and FN, FN and SD, and FN and EVI (regional eco-environment vulnerability). This suggests that FN and SD have considerable effects on VI and EVI in this case; (3) there is a good agreement between the predicted and the actual distribution of the EVI zones. EVI value tends to decrease with increasing distance from the coastline and increase with increasing altitude; (4) the landscape pattern and the regional ecological vulnerability in this study is predominantly controlled by human activities, although physical factors such as topography and oceanic influences also play roles in the process; and (5) the establishment of relationships between data with respect to landscape and the regional ecological responses could be beneficial in guiding the ecological construction of this region.     

利用SSR标记分析海南普通野生稻的遗传多样性

选用平均分布于水稻基因组的28对SSR引物,对海南不同纬度5个普通野生稻居群的163份材料进行遗传多样性和遗传结构研究。结果表明:(1)海南普通野生稻具有较高的遗传多样性,28个位点共检测到227个等位变异,平均等位变异数A=8.1071,有效等位变异数Ae=4.4190,平均期望杂合度He=0.4004,实际观察杂合度Ho=0.7062,香农指数I=1.6048;(2)居群的遗传分化系数较大,总的遗传变异中有46.40%存在于居群间(Fst=0.4640);(3)居群内杂合体较高(F is=-0.7069),根据固定指数(F=0.0588)计算出的异交率t=0.8889,说明海南普通野生稻的繁育系统属于一种较高的异交混合交配类型。     

Seed Dynamics in Relation to Gaps in a Tropical Montane Rainforest of Hainan Island, South China： （I） Seed Rain

Seed dynamics is an important part of stand dynamics in forest ecosystems. In this paper, 26 gaps were randomly selected to study the influence of gaps on the spatial and temporal patterns of seed rains in a tropical montane rainforest of Hainan Island, South China. Three zones for each gap, including outside gap zone （Non-gap）, transitional gap zone （EG-CG）, and central gap zone （CG）, were designed, and fourseed traps （each lm x lm in size） were placed in each zone. Seed rains were collected by these traps every 10 days from June 2001 to May 2002. Seed rain varied greatly with season and generally exhibited a pattern of unimodal change during the study period： seed abundance and species richness were both greater in the wet season than in the dry season. Gaps significantly influenced the temporal patterns of both species richness and density of seed rains. Gaps had no significant influences on the spatial distribution patterns of seed rain species richness, but significantly affected the spatial distribution pattern of seed rain densities. Among the three different zones of gaps, the outside gap zone generally received more seeds inputs than the two other gap zones.