双歧杆菌处理体对弱抗原免疫应答的影响

目的：探讨双歧杆菌菌处理体在疫苗免疫中的载体／佐剂作用及对诱导免疫应答的影响。方法：将双歧杆菌菌处理体偶联乙肝病毒基因工程表面抗原(HBsAg)成拟菌颗粒免疫C57 BL／6小鼠,二次免疫后5w,ELISA方法测定小鼠血清抗-HBS的阳性率及抗体效价;MTT方法测定免疫小鼠NK的杀伤活性;RT—PCR方法测定免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的表达;生物活性方法测定该小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞α干扰素(IFN—α)分泌,并与抗原对照组、商业乙肝疫苗组、完全福氏佐剂组(CFA)进行比较,评定菌处理体佐剂疫苗的效果。初步探讨菌处理体用于疫苗的机制。结果：菌处理体疫苗组抗-HBS的阳性率与效价、NK杀伤活性、IFN—α体内诱生水平与商业疫苗对照组比较差异有显著性(P＜0．05),与CFA比较差异无显著性(P＞0．05),在菌处理组及CFA组IFN—γ表达阳性,其他两组为阴性。结论：菌处理体佐剂具有明显增强弱抗原疫苗诱导免疫应答的作用。     

Structure of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen from Subviral Tubes Determined by Electron Cryomicroscopy

Hepatitis B virus consists of an icosahedral core containing the double-stranded DNA genome, enveloped by a membrane with embedded surface proteins. The crystal structure of the core protein has been solved but little information about the structure of the surface proteins has so far been available. There are three sizes of surface protein, small (S), medium (M) and large (L), which form disulfide-bonded homo- and heterodimers. The three proteins, expressed from different start sites in the coding sequence, share the common C-terminal S region; the M protein contains an additional preS2 sequence N-terminal to S, and the L protein a further preS1 sequence N-terminal to M. In infected individuals, the surface proteins are produced in huge excess over the amount needed for viral envelopment and are secreted as a heterogeneous mixture of isometric and tubular subviral particles. We have used electron cryomicroscopy to study tubular particles extracted from human serum. Helical Fourier-Bessel analysis was used to calculate a low-resolution map, although it showed that the tubes were quite disordered. From the symmetry derived from this analysis, we used single-particle methods to improve the resolution. We found that the tubes had a diameter of approximately 250 Å, with spike-like features projecting from the membrane. In the plane of the membrane the proteins appear to be close packed. We propose a model for the packing arrangement of surface protein dimers in the tubes.     

Development of ultra‐high sensitivity bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B virus surface antigen using firefly luciferase

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a global public health concern. Efficient diagnosis of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is useful for identification of infection, treatment and prevention of transfusion‐transmitted viral infections. Seronegative window reduction afforded by a highly sensitive measurement methodology is necessary as a small quantity of virus with infection risk exists for the period characterized by undetectable HBsAg following HBV infection. In this study, a bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA) for HBsAg was developed employing firefly luciferase as a labeling enzyme and a two‐step sandwich immunoassay method. The cut‐off value (10 mIU/mL) was 50‐fold more sensitive relative to conventional chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay based on luminol luminescence involving peroxidase as the labeling enzyme and the identical antibodies. Preliminary clinical data for this BLEIA revealed that the HBV seroconversion panel derived sequentially from HBV‐infected human blood was detected 11 days following window closure from the first bleed, whereas detection occurred 14–25 days following window closure with the three conventional commercial kits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)鉴别试验的方法研究

目的：建立重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)鉴别试验的方法。方法：取重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)以1：10比例加入lmol/L盐酸调节pH值,采用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测,同时设以氢氧化铝、未处理的重组乙型肝炎疫苗、狂犬疫苗、出血热疫苗,以及试剂盒的阴、阳性作为对照。结果：狂犬疫苗、出血热疫苗及氢氧化铝对照为阴性,直接检测重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)呈弱阳性,加入盐酸调节pH值后原倍样品呈弱阳性,10倍稀释后呈强阳性。采用该方法检测5批疫苗均呈强阳性。组内平行试验,组间重复试验。结论：将重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)调节pH值后10倍稀释,用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测呈阳性,而且稳定可靠,该方法可用于该疫苗的鉴别试验。     

The RNA expression signature of the HepG2 cell line as determined by the integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles

Understanding miRNAs' regulatory networks and target genes could facilitate the development of therapies for human diseases such as cancer. Although much useful gene expression profiling data for tumor cell lines is available, microarray data for miRNAs and mRNAs in the human HepG2 cell line have only been compared with that of other cell lines separately. The relationship between miRNAs and mRNAs in integrated expression profiles for HepG2 cells is still unknown. To explore the miRNA–mRNA correlations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, we performed miRNA and mRNA expression profiling in HepG2 cells and normal liver HL-7702 cells at the genome scale using next-generation sequencing technology. We identified 193 miRNAs that are differentially expressed in these two cell lines. Of these, 89 miRNAs were down-regulated in HepG2 cells compared with HL-7702 cells, while 104 miRNAs were up-regulated. We also observed 3035 mRNAs that are significantly dys-regulated in HepG2 cells. We then performed an integrated analysis of the expression data for differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs and found several miRNA–mRNA pairs that are significantly correlated in HepG2 cells. Further analysis suggested that these differentially expressed genes were enriched in four tumorigenesis-related signaling pathways, namely, ErbB, JAK–STAT, mTOR, and WNT, which until now had not been fully reported. Our results could be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of HCC occurrence and development.     

二甲基亚砜作用下重组CHO细胞胞内乙型肝炎表面抗原的定位

在培养环境中添加二甲基亚砜 (DMSO) 能分别提高重组 CHO 细胞乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）的产量和比生产速率70%和3.2倍以上, 但同时发现胞内HBsAg 的积累量是对照组的7.2倍。为了分析胞内HBsAg 积累的区域,采用电镜技术分析后发现,经DMSO处理后的CHO细胞胞内出现了很多的扩张区域,这些扩张区域分布整个胞浆,有的扩张区域已经侵蚀到细胞核上,而对照组未发现明显的扩张区域。进一步利用免疫电镜技术分析后发现,经DMSO处理后的细胞胞内大量积累的HBsAg主要分布在这些扩张区域中,同时发现在细胞核膜上也有分布,这可能是由于扩张区域侵蚀细胞核造成的。以上工作有助于揭示在DMSO作用下重组CHO细胞胞内HBsAg大量积累的机制。     

乙型肝炎表面抗原疑难判定血清的研究

用中国药品生物制品检定所检定合格的国内外HBsAgEIA试剂及ABBOTT抗 HBs、抗 HBcEIA试剂 ,对所收集的 13份HBsAg疑难判定血清进行检测 ,并用PCR方法检测血清中HBVDNA ,结果显示国内外HBsAg试剂对部分HBVDNA阳性样品的检出率差异较大 ,提示这些样品可能为S基因突变株或HBsAg含量较低 ,因此 ,HBsAgEIA试剂的敏感度仍有待进一步提高 ,并应进一步研制检测S基因突变株的HBsAg诊断试剂。     

光催化纳米TiO2抗乙型肝炎病毒效果的实验研究

纳米TiO2在光催化下能产生活性羟基,超氧离子(O2-),过氧羟基(·OOH)和过氧化氢,这些产物具有很强的氧化性,因而具有广谱杀菌功能[1].目前国内外已广泛用于陶瓷洁具、玻璃表面、瓷砖釉面、水处理、空气净化等[2～8],但纳米TiO2在光催化下是否具有抗病毒的作用,目前尚未见报道.本文以载有纳米TiO2的陶瓷碟(以下简称纳米瓷碟)和发泡镍网(以下简称纳米镍网)为材料,对纳米TiO2复合材料在不同光源照射下杀灭乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的效果进行了实验研究,取得了令人满意的结果.     

ELISA技术筛选200种中草药抗HBsAg的实验研究

使用ＥＬＩＳＡ技术对２００种中草药水提取物进行抗ＨＢｓＡｇ的实验研究,共筛出有效药物７种（占总数的３．５％）。若按５种不同剂量（０．３、０．６、１．２、２．５、５．０ｍｇ／１００μｌ）的药物、２种不同浓度的ＨＢｓＡｇ（１０．９２、１４．２６Ｐ／Ｎ值）与３种不同接触时间（立即、１ｈ、２ｈ）的１０项Ｐ／Ｎ值均数来综合评价药效指数时,７种有效药物的次序为青蒿（１．６７Ｐ／Ｎ值）、大蒜（２．１９Ｐ／Ｎ值）、红孩儿（２．３１Ｐ／Ｎ值）、仙鹤草（２．３１）、魔芋（２．３２Ｐ／Ｎ值）、冬瓜皮（２．６３Ｐ／Ｎ值）和猕猴桃（２．８９Ｐ／Ｎ值）。