陕西宁强地区早寒武世磷酸盐化Punctatus新材料

描记在陕西南部宽川铺地区的灯影组宽川铺段的震旦-寒武系界线附近发现的具五辐对称特征磷酸盐化Punctatus新种———Punctatus triangulicostalissp.nov.(三角隆脊瘤点壳)。新种的锥体由5条放射状排列的锥脊组成,柱体由5纵列等间隔排列的三角隆脊组成,构成了完美的五辐对称生物体。同时描记的有PunctatusemeiensisHe,1980,新种与它的显著区别是具有与锥顶5条放射脊相对应的5纵列三角隆脊。新种呈三维立体保存,暗示生物体内部已具有一定的硬化程度,而锥体表层及柱状体表面的三角隆脊为磷酸盐化软组织。形态功能分析表明,Punctatus在分类上可能更接近于腔肠动物的水螅型。     

果蝇P转座因子的研究进展

果蝇P因子是DNA转座子,在近几十年里受到很大关注。可用于确认有关基因,克隆基因以及安置基因回到基因组。P因子的高易动性及其保持和对内部序列强烈的修饰作用也是P因子的本质特征。P因子的另一重要用途是用于产生转基因果蝇。目的基因置于质粒内P因子中可在转座酶的作用下插入前胚盘胚。携带目的基因的P因子可从质粒转座到任意染色体上。据报道,在典型实验中,插入可育果蝇的10％～20％可产生转化体后裔。但是以这种可动DNA片段作为载体尚存在转移基因的不稳定性及与内源跳跃基因的相互影响。本文介绍了果蝇P转座因子的一些研究进展。这些因子的遗传可动性也使它们适用于建造载体产生转基因生物。若如此,载体导入外源基因组的遗传稳定性问题将是一个重要课题。 Abstract：P elements in D.melanogaster are DNA transposons and received greater attention within the last few decades.P elements are used for identifying genes of interest,for cloning them,and for placing them back into the genome.The high mobility of P elements and their retention of this mobility and drastic modiffications to their internal sequences are also essential features.Another most important use of P elements is that of making transgenic flies.Desired gene is placed between P-element ends,usually within a plasmid,and injected into preblastoderm embryos in the presence of transposase.This P element then transposes from the plasmid to a random chromosomal site.Reported in a typical experiment,10％～20％ of the fertile injected flies produce transformant progeny.But the instability of the transferred gene carried on a piece of mobile DNA as a vector and its interaction with endogenous jumping genes.This paper introduced the studies advances of P transposable element in Drosophila.The genetic mobility of these elements can also make them suitable for the construction of vectors to create transgenic organisms.If so,the genetic stability of the vectors introduced to a foreign genome should be a important subject.     

酵母3-脱氧葡糖醛酮代谢酶的分离纯化及部分性质

3-脱氧葡糖醛酮 ( 3- deoxyglucosone)是美拉德反应的主要中间产物 ,对生物体具有毒性作用 .用硫酸铵分部沉淀、DEAE- cellulose52、Hydroxyapatite、DEAE- Sepharose CL- 6B柱层析从酿酒酵母 YBr-M( S.cerevisiae YBr-M)抽提液中分离纯化了 3-脱氧葡糖醛酮代谢酶 (以 NADPH为辅酶 ) .该酶是单一的分子 ,分子量为 44k D,反应最适 p H为 7.0 ,p H6.0～ 8.0之间酶活性相对稳定 ,以 3-脱氧葡糖醛酮为底物的米氏常数 Km 为 2 .2 5mmol/ L.在 35℃以下保温 30 min酶活不变 ,50℃保温 30 min后酶活损失 50 % .该酶对二羰基化合物的活性较高 ,对单羰基化合物则较低 ,其催化作用受碘乙酸、N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺的抑制 ,而被β-巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇激活 ,催化作用必须以 NADPH为专一辅酶 ,当用 NADH代替 NADPH时 ,活力只有 5.3% .     

小麦纹枯病菌侵染过程的组织学研究

本文报道了小麦纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)侵染小麦的过程。病菌在穿透寄主之前产生侵染垫、菌丝圈以及形态简单的单附着胞等侵染结构。由侵染垫基部菌丝或附着胞产生的侵染菌丝直接或通过气孔侵入寄主,也可见菌丝直接侵入寄主;菌丝侵入寄主表皮后,迅速在受侵细胞内呈网状扩展,并直接穿透毗邻细胞壁,向其它细胞纵横扩展。受病组织出现细胞变形、变空;接近菌丝的质膜发生质壁分离,质膜断裂：叶绿体变形、变小或接近消失,类囊体被破坏,叶绿体内嗜饿颗料减少或无;线粒体解体等系列组织病变。     

Cloning and characterization of a novel member of human β-1, 4-galactosyltransferase gene family

By using the EST strategy for identifying novel members belonging to homologous gene families, a novel full-length cDNA encoding a protein significantly homologous to UDP-Gal: N-acetylglucosamine β-1, 4-galactosyltransferase (GAlT) was isolated from a human testis cDNA library. A nucleotide sequence of 2 173 bp long was determined to contain an open reading frame of 1032 nucleotides (344 amino acids). In view of the homology to members of the galactosyltransferase gene family and especially the closest relationship to Gallus gallus GalT type I (CK I), the predicted product of the novel cDNA was designated as human β-1, 4-galactosyltransferase homolog I (HumGT-H1). Its mRNA is present in different degrees in 16 tissues examined. Southern analysis of human genomic DNA revealed its locus on chromosome 3.     

Suppression of sustained and transient ON signals of amacrine cells by GABA is mediated by different receptor subtypes

Intracellular recordings were made from amacrine cells in the isolated, superfused carp retina, and the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on sustained and transient ON signals of these cells were studied. Exogenous GABA application partially suppressed the sustained response of ON amacrine cells, which could be completely reversed by picrotoxin (PTX), a chloride channel blocker, and by bicuculline (BCC), a specific GABA_A receptor antagonist. On the other hand, suppression by GABA of the ON response which was predominantly driven by rod signals in a certain portion of transient ON-OFF amacrine cells was completely blocked by PTX, but not by BCC, indicating that GABA_C receptors may be involved in the effect. These results suggest that GABA_A and GABA_C receptors may be respectively involved in mediating the transmission of sustained and transient signals in the carp inner retina.     

牛血清中27 kDa蛋白的免疫学特性研究

为探讨牛血清中存在的HBsAg样蛋白的性质,给HBV的发病机制、治疗、预防等研究提供依据,我们采集93份牛血清,以SDS-PAGE、Western Blot对血清中HBsAg样蛋白进行研究,发现其分子量约为27kDa;以SDS-PAGE分离牛血清中的HBsAg样蛋白,经皮下多点免疫小鼠,可产生与人HBV编码蛋白HBsAg反应的抗体.表明该27kDa蛋白可能存在与HBsAg相似的免疫学特性.     

HIV疫苗研究进展

自从1983年发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)以来,HIV一直以惊人的速度在全球蔓延,感染HIV的人数也日益增多.到目前为止,因患艾滋病死亡的人数已达到2500万,到2010年这一数字可能会突破8000万,因此研究预防和治疗艾滋病的药物也正日益迫切地摆在人们面前.     

融合蛋白pIL6-IL2在E.coli中的表达及活性鉴定

白细胞介素 2 (interleukin 2 ,IL-2 )与白细胞介素 6(interleukin 6,IL-6)能分别刺激T淋巴细胞增殖与B淋巴细胞分泌免疫球蛋白 ,从而促进动物机体的细胞免疫与体液免疫 ;另外IL2与IL6在发挥生物学活性时还有相互协同作用。因此 ,将去除信号肽的猪白细胞介素 6(pIL-6)与猪白细胞介素 2 (pIL-2 )cDNAs序列通过一段Linker相连 ,克隆到E .coli表达载体pPET-2 8a中。该融合蛋白IL6-IL2在E .coli表达菌BL2 1 (DE3)中获得成功表达 ,SDS-PAGE分析分子量约为40kDa ,表达量达到总菌体的 66.26%。用IL6依赖的B9细胞与IL2依赖的CTLL细胞增殖试验进行融合蛋白IL6 IL2的生物活性检测 ,其活性可分别达到 0.8× 10³U /mg和 6.4× 10³ U/mg。     

Transformer基因与果蝇和线虫的性别决定

黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)和秀丽隐杆线虫（Caeborhabditis elegans）的性别决定的问题已研究得比较详细,且transformer基因是这两种生物性别决定中最重要的基因之一,其有关的性别决定研究在近几年取得了很大的进展。本文就线虫和果蝇的transformer基因及其相关基因的特性与功能进行了特别介绍,并在此基础上对其性别决定的分子机制进行初步的比较和分析。Abstract : Sex determination of Drosophila melanogaster and Caeborhabditis elegans has been known in detail. Great progress, is achieved in recent years, is the research of transformer genes, which are those of most important genes in sex determination in both species. In this paper, molecular character, genetic function and the relative genes of transformer genes are particularly described. On the basis,a primary compariso and analysis between the molecular mechanism of sex determination in C.elegans and D. melanogaster are presented.