Three new genera of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida:Araneae) from Tibet and Yunnan,China

Three new genera of the spider family Nesticidae, Hamus gen. nov., Nescina gen. nov. and Wraios gen. nov., are reported. Three new species, Hamus bowoensis sp. nov., Nescina minuta sp. nov. and Wraios longiembolus sp. nov., showing remarkable characters in palpal and epigynal morphology, are described based on specimens collected in Tibet and Yunnan, China. All the type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IZCAS) in Beijing.     

Comparative morphology study of the male genitalia in the tribe Astathini from China (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The male genitalia of 13 species from four genera of Astathini were described and analyzed. The result showed that five genital characters, such as shape of the apex of 8th abdominal tergaum and sternum, ratio of the length of lateral lobes to tegmen, can be used to identify genera of Astathini; six characters, such as ratio of the length of lateral lobes to tegmen, ratio of the length of roof to lateral lobes, shape of the apex of ventral plate of median lobe, can be used to identify species in Bacchisa.     

A new genus and four new species of Eriophyidae from China (Acari: Eriophyoidea)

One new genus and four new species of eriophyoid mites from Hainan, China are described and illustrated in this paper: Dicoxiseta Wang, Tan & Yang, gen. nov., D. litsea Wang, Tan & Yang, sp. nov. infesting Litsea monopetala(Roxb.) Pers.(Lauraceae), Eriophyes casearius Wang, Yang & Tan, sp. nov. infesting Casearia glomerata Roxb.(Flacourtiaceae), Phyllocoptruta alstonia Wang, Gu & Tan, sp. nov. infesting Alstonia scholaris(L.) R. Br.(Apocynaceae) and Aculus paederius Wang, Gu & Tan, sp. nov. infesting Paederia scandens(Lour.) Merr.(Rubiaceae). Tegolophus artocarpi Keifer, 1977 is newly recorded from China. E. casearius Wang, Yang & Tan, sp. nov. distorts severely new foliage of its host plant. Three species, P. alstonia Wang, Gu & Tan, sp. nov., A. paederius Wang, Gu & Tan, sp. nov. and T. artocarpi, cause rust on the undersurfaces of host plants, while D. litsea Wang, Tan & Yang, sp. nov. is a vagrant on the undersurface of host plant leaves, without visible symptom.     

Two new species of the genus Eotmethis from China (Orthoptera: Acridioidea: Pamphagidae)

Two new species of the genus Eotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1948 are described in this paper, namely E. daqingshanensis sp. nov. and E. gansuensis sp. nov. from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Gansu Province, respectively. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.     

查谟-克什米尔地区查谟后西瓦立克沉积中的亚洲象化石(英文)

描述了一件象属( Elephas) 的右上臼齿化石。标本产自查谟紧靠上西瓦立克亚群巨砾岩组( Boulder Conglomerate Formation) 之上的砂质、粉砂质泥岩夹砾石层中,化石地点位于查谟市南10 km,Kharian 村北约500 m 处。根据齿板数、齿脊频率、釉质层厚度、冠高指数、绝对大小和齿长/齿高指数等牙齿形态参数,暂时将之归为 Elephas cf. E. maximus indicus。还简短讨论了象属的地理分布和地质时代。     

云南美登木内生真菌Beauveria sp.Lr89中的两个环肽

从云南美登木(Maytenus hookeri Loes.)的根部分离到内生真菌Lr89,根据ITS序列分析,鉴定为白僵菌属(Beauveria)真菌。在PDA琼脂平板发酵物中分离得到2个环肽类化合物,经波波谱鉴定为isaridin A(1)和isariin B(2),本文首次报道了这两个化合物的13C NMR数据。     

用于腈纶表面改性的Corynebacterium nitrilophilus 腈水合酶的摇瓶发酵优化

通过毛细管效应、扫描电镜、染色实验等方法,考察了Corynebacterium nitrilophilus腈水合酶(nitrilre hydratase,NHase)在腈纶表面改性中的应用。结果表明,C. nitrilophilus腈水合酶处理后的腈纶纤维的润湿性及染料可染性分别比对照提高了43.5%和85.7%,说明该腈水合酶具有较好的腈纶纤维表面改性性能。为了提高用于腈纶表面改性的C. nitrilophilus腈水合酶的产量,采用单因素实验及正交实验在摇瓶上对碳源、氮源、诱导剂、金属离子等进行考察,获得较优的摇瓶发酵生产腈水合酶的条件:碳源采用葡萄糖,15 g/L;氮源采用酵母粉与氯化铵复配,浓度分别为3 g/L、1 g/L;诱导剂尿素的最适剂量为10 g/L;由于该腈水合酶是钴型酶,所以需在发酵过程中添加氯化钴,浓度为0.07 g/L。经过摇瓶优化,酶活由最初的16.2 U/ml提高到45.7 U/ml,提高了2.8倍。     

重组蛋白GST-OsCATB的表达特性研究

为了阐明水稻Catalase（CAT）的酶学功能,首先需要获得出足量的、活性的该酶蛋白。本研究克隆了水稻OsCAT_B基因(GenBank accession No.D26484),构建到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-3中形成重组蛋白,继而转入E.coli菌株BL21中进行表达特性研究。结果表明,GST-OsCAT_B融合蛋白在E.coli中进行了过量表达,表达受到诱导剂浓度、诱导时间、诱导温度和诱导体系等多因素影响;通过谷胱甘肽Sepharose-4B亲合层析,纯化出足量、活性的融合蛋白GST-OsCAT_B,每克表达细胞（干重）中得率为51 mg GST-OsCAT_B。     

用线性梯度平板准确测定药物敏感性和分离抗药性菌株

菌群在药物的最低抑菌浓度附近的动力学过程是抗生素药理学研究的核心问题.建立一种能确定精确的MIC且又能准确分离抗药性菌株的方法,是目前临床对药敏实验新的要求.根据Fick扩散定律制备了线性梯度平板：将15mL含适当浓度恩诺沙星的琼脂培养基在9cm培养皿中倾斜凝固,刚好覆盖整个平板底面,然后水平放置,再在其上层加入同样体积的无药琼脂培养基,凝固12h后,药物浓度达到扩散平衡而呈均匀连续线性梯度.通过实测验证药物浓度在平板表面呈线性梯度分布.将待检E.coli菌群均匀涂布在梯度平板上,培养12h后,随恩诺沙星浓度提高依次形成连续密集小菌落区和离散大菌落区,根据两区域的分界线可以确定菌群自然形成的真实的MIC,与常规药敏实验方法测定结果一致.大菌落重新涂布高梯度平板,分界线显著上升,并检测出抗药性基因突变,表明该方法很容易筛选出菌群中的抗药性菌株.梯度平板可以方便地呈现整个菌群在MIC附近的动力学过程和遗传生理变化,并预警该抗生素使用后可能出现的抗药性,从而指导临床抗菌药物的选择和使用.     

亚比棉基因组原位杂交及核型分析

亚比棉异源四倍体是山西农业大学棉花育种组于上个世纪80年代用A染色体组亚洲棉(Gossypium.arboreum)(迁西小黑籽)与G染色体组野生棉比克氏棉(G.bickii)杂交成异源二倍体后,又经过加倍而获得的.亚比棉异源四倍体不仅育性得到恢复、结铃正常,而且成功地将比克氏棉的优异性状--种子腺体延缓形成转育到亚比棉中.这为实现棉花综合利用和提高抗虫性创育了新的育种材料.在随后的多年中,山西农业大学棉花育种组对亚比棉异源四倍体进行了广泛的细胞形态学研究,对其核型做了分析.然而,仅依据形态学和普通的核型图像,还不能确定该异源四倍体棉种中比克氏棉G染色体(亚)组在核型中的表现.该文以比克氏棉gDNA为探针,亚比棉异源四倍体根尖体细胞染色体为靶细胞染色体,封阻材料为亚洲棉(迁西小黑籽),进行亚比棉基因组原位杂交(Genome in situ hybridization,GISH)及核型分析.从获得的图像中可以清晰地发现有52条染色体,其中有/无杂交信号的各一半,这直观地证实了人工复合亚比棉杂交种确为异源四倍体,而且是双二倍体.A亚组与G亚组染色体长度存在交替排列.亚比棉异源四倍体基于GISH图像的核型公式为2n=4x=52=46m(4sat)+6sm(4sat).A亚组和G亚组染色体上各有2对随体.G亚组染色体中至少有5对双重显色明显的染色体,意味着可能有A亚组染色体的交换,而A亚组染色体中只观察到或多或少的探针红色荧光信号,由于分辨率不够而难于定量分析.进一步以45SrDNA为探针,以鲑鱼精DNA作为封阻DNA,对亚比棉异源四倍体进行45SrDNA-FISH,实验表明,亚比棉异源四倍体有14个NOR(核仁组织区)信号,说明亚比棉异源四倍体有14个随体,即7对随体.比克氏棉对亚洲棉的GISH结果显示,在有亚洲棉DNA封阻的条件下,亚洲棉靶细胞染色体无任何杂交信号,说明比克氏棉与亚洲棉染色体之间不存在较大的同源或相似序列.