优化益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang高密度培养条件

为实现L. casei Zhang的高密度培养,在之前优化增殖培养基的基础上进一步寻求适宜该菌的培养条件。研究了不同中和剂、缓冲盐浓度、葡萄糖浓度、pH值控制、通气条件和补料分批培养对菌体在恒pH条件下发酵的影响,根据不同条件下菌体的比生长速率、菌体密度和活菌数情况,确定L. casei Zhang较适宜的高密度培养条件为：培养基葡萄糖浓度为80 g/L~100 g/L,以氨水为中和剂使pH保持5.9,采用间歇通氮气的方法保持环境厌氧,分批培养方式下37°C保温发酵10 h~12 h后,L. casei Zhang细胞干重达到7 g/L,活菌数3.5×1010 CFU/mL,比优化前提高7倍以上,能够满足益生菌制品生产要求的高菌体密度。     

不同产地南方大斑蝥水解产物化学成分的比较分析

比较分析不同产地南方大斑蝥中所含化学成分,以确定产地对斑蝥体内成分形成的影响.采用改进的酸水解-丙酮法提取斑蝥化学成分,分得的丙酮提取液经碳酸钠、硫酸钠(1:1)柱过滤,滤液过微孔滤膜,用GCMS技术对其进行分析,以峰面积归一化法测定各成分相对含量.以其中的27个成分为比较对象,占总提取物含量的90%以上.其中有主要成分斑蝥素,7个是脂肪酸类,其他为胺类化合物、芳香族化合物、杂环化合物及不饱和酮等.斑蝥的主要成分斑蝥素含量相对较高,其中以湖南产的最高,其他依次为广西、安徽,含量最低的是河南.可为斑蝥药材产区和人工养殖地域的合理选择提供一定依据.     

微紫青霉菌Penicillium janthinellum菌株GXCR吸附废水中Cd2+的研究

研究了5种不同预处理方式对丝状真菌微紫青霉菌Penicillium janthinellum菌株 GXCR的Cd2+吸附的影响。结果表明,高温（80℃）、去离子水中的匀浆化、匀浆+碱化（NaOH,0.5mol/L）（简称匀浆碱化）和匀浆+30%二甲基亚砜处理均能提高菌体的吸附率,其中匀浆碱化处理后菌体的吸附效果最佳,吸附增量达到117.96%;匀浆+酸化（H2SO4, 0.5mol/L）处理则导致菌体的Cd2+吸附能力显著下降。匀浆碱化菌体吸附符合典型的Langmuir方程,表明该菌对Cd2+的吸附可能是以表面吸附为主的吸附行为。在吸附-解吸附循环4次后匀浆碱化菌体的Cd2+的吸附效率为58.01%。红外光谱分析显示匀浆碱化处理主要影响菌体表面分子的–OH和C=O基团,其中与Cd2+结合的主要基团是–OH。结果也表明,匀浆碱化菌体具有处理电镀废水的潜能。     

新疆叶甲区系及地理分布的初步研究

通过新疆叶甲的系统调查,区系和地理分布的初步研究查明：1）新疆叶甲已知种类有404种（17亚种）,分隶于11亚科78属,其中以隐头叶甲亚科Cryptocephalinae,叶甲亚科Chrysomelinae和跳甲亚科Alticinae的种类最为丰富,分别为87种（7亚种）,97种（2亚种）和71;2）区系组成以古北种占绝对优势,有390种（17亚种）,占种数的96.5%,非古北种14种,仅占3.5%.在古北种中,中亚细亚种156种,占种类数的38.6%,泛古北种102种,占25.2%及特有种、中央亚细亚种和欧洲-西伯利亚种等多种成分;3）叶甲地理分布区域分化明显,北疆阿尔泰山、伊犁-塔城谷盆地、准噶尔盆地、天山北部山地和准噶尔西部山地种类较多,分别有111、159、151、122和77种;占新疆2/3以上面积的东疆和南疆,种类较少,尤其是昆仑山山地,还不足10种;4）地域分化亦明显表现在区系组成上,阿尔泰山的中亚细亚种只有14种,仅占该地叶甲种数的12.6%,欧洲-西伯利亚种、欧洲-鄂毕种和西伯利亚种3种成分合计为45种,占到40.5%;伊犁-塔城谷（盆）地和准噶尔盆地的上述3种成分分别为22种和21种都仅占所在盆地14%左右,而中亚西亚种前者占到46%,后者占到34%;5）将新疆动物区系分为12个省级地理区划单元,根据叶甲在各区划单元的分布,进行区系相似性系数聚类分析,其结果同我们所作的2亚界、3区、5亚区和12个省级单元的区划基本相吻合.     

UreB蛋白B细胞抗原表位快速筛选与鉴定

以幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacterpylori,Hp)主要抗原蛋白尿素酶B(ureaseB,UreB)为靶蛋白,建立一种新的B细胞抗原表位筛选与鉴定方法.运用Fmoc固相肽合成法合成11条HpUreB蛋白的单表位抗原肽片段,在其氨基端标记FITC荧光素,应用荧光偏振方法(fluorescencepolarization,FP)快速鉴定这些肽片段的抗原性,并通过FP法在大规模样品中快速筛选相应抗体滴度高、分布人群广的优势抗原表位肽.结果表明,合成的11条UreB蛋白线性抗原肽中,10条具有较强的抗原性,其中No.2、No.5和No.11抗原肽相应的特异性抗体在感染Hp的人群中分布较广,抗体滴度较高,为UreB的优势抗原表位肽.对抗原表位进行多参数综合分析与设计,通过FP技术快速鉴定抗原肽,并筛选优势抗原表位肽,对于疾病的抗原表位谱研究具有重要的意义,同时在疾病的诊断、分型及治疗中具有重要的应用前景.     

Identification of SUMO Targets by a Novel Proteomic Approach in Plants

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) chemically and physically alter the properties of proteins, including their folding, subcellular localization, stability, activity, and consequently their function. In spite of their relevance, studies on PTMs in plants are still limited. Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) modification regulates several biological processes by affecting protein-protein interactions, or changing the subcellular localizations of the target proteins. Here, we describe a novel proteomic approach to identify SUMO targets that combines 2-D liquid chromatography, immunodetection, and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. We have applied this approach to identify nuclear SUMO targets in response to heat shock. Using a bacterial SUMOylation system, we validated that some of the targets identified here are, in fact, labeled with SUMO1. Interestingly, we found that GIGANTEA (GI), a photoperiodic-pathway protein, is modified with SUMO in response to heat shock both in vitro and in vivo.     

New Role for an Old Rule: N-end Rule-Mediated Degradation of Ethylene Responsive Factor Proteins Governs Low Oxygen Response in Plants

The N-end rule pathway regulates protein degradation, which depends on exposed N-terminal sequences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In plants, conserved and specific enzymes stimulate selective proteolysis. Although a number of developmental and growth phenotypes have been reported for mutants in the N-end rule, its function has remained unrelated to specific physiological pathways. The first report of the direct involvement of the N-end rule in stress responses focused on hypoxic signaling and how the oxygen-dependent oxidation of cystein promotes the N-end rule-mediated degradation of ethylene responsive factor (ERF)-VII proteins, the master regulators of anaerobic responses. It has beensuggested that plants have evolved specific mechanisms to tune ERF-VII availability in the nucleus. In this review, we speculate that ERF-VII proteins are reversibly protected from degradation via membrane sequestration. The oxidative response in plants subjected to anoxic conditions suggests that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) may interact or interfere with the N-end rule pathway-mediated response to hypoxia.     

云南省个旧矿区水稻镉砷积累及与矿质元素的关系

水稻（Oryza sativa L.）29个品种种植于云南省个旧市大屯镇孙家寨村受Cd、As复合污染的稻田,研究不同品种水稻谷粒对重金属元素Cd、As和矿质元素（Fe、Zn、Mn、Ni和Cu）的积累及相关关系。结果表明,品种和品种类型对水稻谷粒Cd、As含量的效应均不显著（p>0.05）。谷粒Cd含量范围为2.1~7.0 mg/kg,平均值为4.6 mg/kg。谷粒As含量的范围为5.0~8.9 mg/kg,平均值为7.2 mg/kg。品种对谷粒Fe含量的效应极显著（p<0.001）,对Zn含量的效应显著（p<0.05）,而对Mn、Ni和Cu含量的 效应均不显著（p>0.05）。同一品种谷粒的各金属元素含量间的差异均极显著（p<0.001）。除谷粒Fe 含量和As 含量无显著相关性（p>0.05）外,其余各元素含量间均呈现显著正相关关系（p<0.05）,表明这些元素在水稻谷粒中的积累呈现协同关系。     

簇毛麦5VS染色体臂特异分子标记开发与遗传效应分析

簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosum(L.)P.Candargy 2n=14,VV)是小麦改良重要的三级基因源.簇毛麦5VS染色体臂上携带抗白粉病基因Pm55、抗条锈病基因Yr5V和籽粒硬度基因Dina/Dinb等优异基因.已创制的小麦-簇毛麦T5VS.5AL和T5VS.5DL易位系为小麦抗病和品质改良提供了优...     

Dominant Gene cplsr1 Corresponding to Premature Leaf Senescence Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) premature leaf senescence-resistant inbred XLZ33 and senescencesusceptible inbred lines XLZ13 were selected and crossed to produce F1,F1-reciprocal,F2 and BC1 generations...