绞股蓝人参皂甙的组织化学定位及其含量的变化

应用光镜技术、组织化学定位及植物化学方法,研究了人参皂甙在绞股蓝营养器官中的积累分布状态以及不同生长期、不同器官、不同性别之间的绞股蓝总皂甙含量的动态变化。结果表明,绞股蓝人参皂甙主要分布在营养器官的同化组织及韧皮部薄壁细胞中,厚角组织、表皮及周皮的栓内层也有少量分布,木质部和髓薄壁组织中无皂甙分布;叶中皂甙积累最多,茎次之,根最少。绞股蓝在营养生长期→花果期→枯萎期的生长发育过程中,其地上部分的皂甙含量呈现出低→高→低的变化趋势;叶的含量高于茎,雄株的含量高于雌株。从而认为在9-10月的花果期采收绞股蓝的地上部分而保留地下茎和根,有利于药材品质和产量的提高,又有利于药用资源的可持续开发利用。     

Comparison of Compositions of Odor Components of Natto and Cooked Soybeans

Natto, a traditional Japanese food product, was prepared from cooked soybeans by fermentation and its odor concentrate was obtained with a simultaneous distillation and extraction system. It was compared to those obtained from soybeans cooked for 0 ~ 3, 3 ~ 5.5 and 5.5 ~ 8 hr, respectively, by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the odor concentrates of the cooked soybeans, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal and hexanol contributing to the green and grassy odor of soybeans disappeared or decreased while the cooking was in progress. 2-Pentylfuran and 1-octen-3-ol contributing to the beany odor remained even if the soybeans were cooked for 8 hr and were fermented into Natto. In the odor concentrate of Natto, pyrazines and sulfur containing compounds were important contributors to the characteristic odor of Natto. As the beany odor was not detected for Natto, it was concluded that the pyrazines and sulfur containing compounds cause the characteristic odor of Natto and mask the beany odor.     

胡颓子属植物营养成分分析和开发利用研究Ⅰ.胡颓子属植物营养成分的测定和研究

本文报告了胡颓子属的胡颓子、木半夏和牛奶子的果肉的主要营养成分。结果表明,胡颓子属的果实富含多种氨基酸、微量元素、多种维生索以及糖和有机酸等,且酸甜较可口,具有很高的营养价值和保健作用,开发前景广阔。     

福建长汀石峰寨景区桂花次生林群落物种数量特征

对福建省长汀县石峰寨风景区桂花[Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.)Lour.]次生林群落的上坡位、中坡位、下坡位和整个坡面的群落种类组成、重要值和物种多样性等研究表明,该桂花次生林群落各坡位的物种特征有一定差别;群落立地单元不同,其优势度和均匀度也不同;中坡位的立地条件最优,群落优势度最小;桂花在上坡位的重要值最大;桂花对严酪自然环境的适应能力较强。     

毛青藤茎的发育解剖学研究

毛青藤茎顶端的原生分生组织由原套和原体组成,其行生细胞形成初生分生组织──原表皮、原形成层和基本分生组织。初生分生组织的衍生细胞分化形成茎的初生结构,包括表皮、皮层、维管束和髓。随着茎的继续发育,维管形成层开始活动,由束中形成层产生次生韧皮部和次生木质部分子,而束间形成层仅产生薄壁组织细胞形成宽的射线。在原生韧皮部筛管分化成熟的过程中,韧应部外方仍保留1—2层原形成层细胞,以后,它们分裂为多层纤维原始细胞,在次生结构形成时,这些细胞的细胞壁加厚,形成初生初皮纤维。茎始终未产生用皮。     

绞股蓝种群次生代谢产物的动态及其生态学意义

利用植物生理生态学方法,研究了自然条件下不同绞股蓝Ｇｙｎｏｓｔｅｍｍａｐｅｎｔａｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ种群中黄酮类化合物和绞股蓝皂甙的动态特征及其生态学意义。结果表明：（１）同一种群的茎,叶片和枝中黄酮类化合物的绞股蓝皂甙的动态不同,在生活史的不同阶段,种群中这两类次生代谢物受茎和叶片的影响的动态不同。     

绞股蓝生态生理特性的研究

本研究结果表明,绞股蓝生理特性因生境不同、部位不同而异。植株含水量以枝、叶＞根;叶绿素总含量是野生的＞引种的;光合日变化呈双峰曲线变化,总是趋向是全天光合强度１６９０９２ｕｍｏｌＣＯ２／ｍ２·ｓ,全日照、荫蔽下的净光合速率上午峰值高于下午３６２倍;呼吸强度为根＞茎＞叶;过氧化物酶活性变化以叶＞茎＞叶柄＞卷须＞根为序。     

Proteomics analysis of UV‐irradiated Lonicera japonica Thunb. with bioactive metabolites enhancement

A previous study showed that the contents of caffeoylquinic acids and iridoids, the major bioactive components in the postharvest Lonicera japonica Thunb., were induced by enhanced ultraviolet (UV)‐A or UV‐B irradiation. To clarify the UV‐responsive key enzymes in the bioactive metabolites biosynthetic pathway and the related plant defense mechanism in L. japonica, 2DE in combination with MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS was employed. Seventy‐five out of 196 differential proteins were positively identified. Based on the functions, these proteins were grouped into nine categories, covering a wide range of molecular processes including the secondary metabolites (caffeoylquinic acids and iridoids) biosynthetic‐related proteins, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, stress, DNA, transport‐related proteins, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cell wall. Of note is the increasing expression of 1‐deoxy‐d ‐xylulose 5‐phosphate reductoisomerase and 5‐enol‐pyruvylshikimate‐phosphate synthase, which was crucial to supply more precursor for the secondary metabolites including caffeoylquinic acids and iridoids. Thus, this study provides both the clues at the protein level for the increase of the two bioactive components upon UV irradiation and the profile of UV‐responsive proteins in L. japonica.     

毛泡桐与白花泡桐正反交F1无性系自然接干性状的遗传变异

利用田间实验和统计分析方法,研究了毛泡桐[Paulownia tomentosa（Thunb．）Steud．]与白花泡桐[P.fortunei（Seem．）Hemsl．]正反交F1无性系自然接干性状的遗传变异。结果表明,供试的11个F1无性系的22个自然接干性状具有广泛而明显的遗传变异和变异差异,其中接干高、全干高、接干材积、全干材积、接干材秽全干材积、通直度和丛枝病等级是变异最大的7个自然接干性状（CV〉30）;在6个正交F1无性系间和5个反交F1无性系间,绝大多数自然接干性状的差异达极显著水平;在毛泡桐与白花泡桐正交F1无性系和反交F1无性系间,22个自然接干性状均存在极显著差异。