Spontaneous ovarian tumors in twelve baboons: a review of ovarian neoplasms in non-human primates

Twelve spontaneous ovarian tumors were found in the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research baboon colony. These included four granulosa cell tumors, three teratomas, two endometrioid carcinomas, one seromucinous cystadenofibroma, a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma, and an ovarian carcinoma. Age was a pre-disposing factor. With one exception, the tumors of surface epithelial- and sex cordstromal origin occurred in baboons over 17 years of age. The exceptional animal was 7 years of age when a malignant granulosa cell tumor with Sertoli cell differentiation was identified. The two endometrioid tumors, which were found in 17- and 30-year-old animals, were both associated with endometriosis. In contrast, the teratomas, which are tumors of germ cell origin, were found in younger animals, i.e. 17 years of age or younger. One case of an ovarian carcinoma with metastases was observed in a 6-month-old infant. Cases of spontaneous ovarian tumors from the literature are reviewed.     

Newly discovered mechanisms that mediate tumorigenesis and tumour progression: circRNA-encoded proteins

Proteins produced by cap-independent translation mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in tumour progression. To date, numerous studies have been performed on circRNAs and the proteins they encode. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis of circRNAs and the mechanisms regulating circRNA-encoded proteins expression. We also describe relevant research methods and their applications to biological processes such as tumour cell proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, autophagy and chemoresistance. This paper offers deeper insights into the roles that circRNA-encoded proteins play in tumours. It also provides a theoretical basis for the use of circRNA-encoded proteins as biomarkers of tumorigenesis and for the development of new targets for tumour therapy.     

PDGF 及其受体介导的信号转导与妇科肿瘤关系研究进展

血小板衍生生长因子(Platelet-Derived Growth Factor,PDGF)是一类与生长、发育、癌症发生等密切相关的细胞因子,由多种细胞分泌产生,具有广泛的生物学活性,涉及多种疾病.目前关于PDGF分子结构、表达调控、生物学活性等已有较为深入的研究,本文在介绍上述研究成果的同,对PDGF在妇科肿瘤中的病理生理作用进一步综合分析.PDGF参与卵泡的发生;PDGF与子宫肌瘤、宫颈、卵巢癌等疾病相关联.PDGF在妇科肿瘤的发生、发展中起着重要的作用.     

老年妇科手术患者的临床特点及处理探讨

目的:分析老年妇科手术患者的临床特点并探讨相应的处理方法.方法:选择55例老年妇科手术患者(年龄＞60岁)及同期60例非老年妇科手术患者(年龄＜50岁),比较两组患者病变性质、术前情况及术后情况,根据分析结果,探讨相应的处理方法.结果:老年组患者恶性肿瘤发生率显著多于非老年组患者(P＜0.01);老年组患者术前伴有基础性病变病例显著多于非老年组患者(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);老年组患者术后出现并发症的例数显著多于非老年组患者(P＜0.05).结论:对于老年妇科手术患者术前应加强检查,完善手术方案;积极控制老年患者的基础性病变,提高对手术及麻醉的耐受能力;术后给予减少并发症的措施,加强针对性护理,可有效减少老年妇科手术患者围手术死亡率.     

Portable spectroscopic system for in vivo skin neoplasms diagnostics by Raman and autofluorescence analysis

The present paper studies the applicability of a portable cost‐effective spectroscopic system for the optical screening of skin tumors. in vivo studies of Raman scattering and autofluorescence (AF) of skin tumors with the 785 nm excitation laser in the near‐infrared region included malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and various types of benign neoplasms. The efficiency of the portable system was evaluated by comparison with a highly sensitive spectroscopic system and with the diagnosis accuracy of a human oncologist. Partial least square analysis of Raman and AF spectra was performed; specificity and sensitivity of various skin oncological pathologies detection varied from 78.9% to 100%. Hundred percent accuracy of benign and malignant skin tumors differentiation is possible only with a combined analysis of Raman and AF signals.      

FABP5 enhances malignancies of lower-grade gliomas via canonical activation of NF-κB signaling

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are grade III gliomas based on the WHO classification with significant genetic heterogeneity and clinical properties. Traditional histological classification of gliomas has been challenged by the improvement of molecular stratification; however, the reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of LGGs classification still remain poor. Herein, we identified fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) as one of the most enriched genes in malignant LGGs and elevated FABP5 revealed severe outcomes in LGGs. Functionally, lentiviral suppression of FABP5 reduced malignant characters including proliferation, cloning formation, immigration, invasion and TMZ resistance, contrarily, the malignancies of LGGs were enhanced by exogenous overexpression of FABP5. Mechanistically, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was correlated to FABP5 expression in LGGs and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα)-dependent NF-κB signalling was involved in this process. Furthermore, FABP5 induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α (IKKα) thus activated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling. Taken together, our study indicated that FABP5 enhances malignancies of LGGs through canonical activation of NF-κB signalling, which could be used as individualized prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target of LGGs.     

Phosphatase of regenerating liver in hematopoietic stem cells and hematological malignancies

The phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs), consisting PRL1, PRL2 and PRL3, are dual-specificity protein phosphatases that have been implicated as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in several solid tumors. However, their roles in hematological malignancies are largely unknown. Recent findings demonstrate that PRL2 is important for hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. In addition, both PRL2 and PRL3 are highly expressed in some hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), multiple myeloma (MM) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Moreover, PRL deficiency impairs the proliferation and survival of leukemia cells through regulating oncogenic signaling pathways. While PRLs are potential novel therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies, their exact biological function and cellular substrates remain unclear. This review will discuss how PRLs regulate hematopoietic stem cell behavior, what signaling pathways are regulated by PRLs, and how to target PRLs in hematological malignancies. An improved understanding of how PRLs function and how they are regulated may facilitate the development of PRL inhibitors that are effective in cancer treatment.     

雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚对妇科腹腔镜手术患者的血流动力学及麻醉苏醒的影响

目的:探讨雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚对妇科腹腔镜手术患者的血流动力学及麻醉苏醒的影响。方法:将116例拟行妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉,对照组给予芬太尼联合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉。比较两组术中平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血气分析指标、患者麻醉后睁眼时间、拔管时间及答问切题时间。结果:麻醉诱导后两组平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR)均显著下降(P0.05);观察组插管即刻及插管后2 min MAP及HR显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组麻醉后睁眼时间、拔管时间、答问切题时间显著早于对照组(P0.05);与气腹前相比,气腹10 min、20 min及60min的PaCO2均升高(P0.05),两组各时点其他血气分析指标比较无显著差别(P0.05)。结论:妇科腹腔镜手术给予雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉,可显著减轻插管应激心血管反应,保持血流动力学稳定,效果优于芬太尼联合丙泊酚麻醉。