广西桑蚕茧丝质量与性能指标的测定分析

本研究对广西桑蚕茧的茧丝质量与性能指标进行了测定分析.结果表明,广西桑蚕茧外形略小,茧层丝胶含量、茧层易溶丝胶含量、丝胶溶解性以及茧丝纤度等主要指标均与江浙夏秋用桑蚕茧有明显差异.桑蚕茧的茧层丝胶含量、易溶丝胶含量随庄口、季节不同而有显著差异;春季桂南地区的蚕茧茧层丝胶含量高于桂西北地区,秋季刚好相反.茧层易溶丝胶含量在11.6%～14.4%之间,约占丝胶总含量的41%～45%,茧层易溶丝胶含量和解舒率呈显著的正相关关系,即茧层易溶丝胶含量越多,蚕茧解舒越好.庄口和季节是影响桑蚕茧层易溶丝胶含量高低与蚕茧解舒优劣的重要因素.广西桑蚕茧层丝胶对煮茧温度更敏感,茧丝纤度粗细变化开差大.因此,我们认为目前困扰广西桑蚕茧加工技术突破的原因之一是缫丝工艺技术,采用传统缫丝工艺技术难以正常发挥广西桑蚕茧的茧丝优势与特性.     

广西本地水牛垂体的形态学与组织学观察

本研究采用HE染色和Masson特殊染色方法对广西本地水牛垂体的形态学和组织学结构特征进行了观察分析,结果表明:广西本地水牛垂体呈卵圆形,重约1.19 g,大小约为1.43 cm×1.07 cm×0.74 cm.广西本地水牛的神经部在正中矢状面所占比例约为10%～15%.嗜酸性细胞、嗜碱性细胞的比例分别为42%和9.3%;母牛的嗜酸性细胞比例比公牛的高.观察结果揭示广西本地水牛垂体的结构与形态特征与其长期繁衍进化所处生态环境变化相适应,并与其生长、生产规律相一致.这些结果将为改良广西本地水牛提供形态学和组织学的理论依据.     

广西苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属一新种——李氏唇柱苣苔

报道了在广西柳州市市区附近一岩溶洞穴发现的苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属一新种,并命名为李氏唇柱苣苔。本种与寿城唇柱苣苔及百寿唇柱苣苔相近,与寿城唇柱苣苔的主要区别在于植株体形、叶和花较大,叶为长卵状椭圆形或椭圆形,叶缘具锯齿,每花序1-3花,退化雄蕊3而与之不同;与百寿唇柱苣苔的区别主要在于叶缘具锯齿,每花序仅1-3花,花药背部密生紫色髯毛,退化雄蕊3而不同。     

广西楼梯草属三新种和一新变种

描述了在中国广西发现的楼梯草属3新种和1新变种:马山楼梯草Elatostema mashanense W.T.Wang & Y.G.Wei与滇黔楼梯草E.backeri H.Schroter相近缘,但茎被向上展的短糙伏毛,叶顶端通常尾状渐尖,边缘具小牙齿或圆齿,具三出脉而与后者相区别。变种毛茎圆序楼梯草Elatostema gyrocephalum W.T.Wang&Y.G.Weivar.pubicaule W.T.Wang&Y.G.Wei的茎在近顶端处密被短柔毛,雌花序托不分裂,苞片中部黑色而与模式变种不同。黑苞楼梯草Elatostema nigribracteatum W.T.Wang&Y.G.Wei与显苞楼梯草E.bracteosum W.T.Wang在亲缘关系上相近,但茎被微柔毛,叶有短柄,叶片较小,长达7mm,纸质,上面无毛,钟乳体较小,长0.1～0.15mm,雌花序分裂成2个二回头状花序,苞片和小苞片呈黑色,无毛,花序托上有数条小枝,而与后者明显区分。天峨楼梯草Elatostema tianeense W.T.Wang&Y.G.Wei似E.hookeriano Wedd,但叶在边缘下部三分之一以上或中部以上有较多小牙齿,具半离基三出脉,托叶较小,狭三角形或三角状钻形,长1～2.5mm,雌花枝粗壮,雌苞片条状三角形,无角状突起而不同。     

中国芮氏孔菌属一新记录种

介绍了芮氏孔菌属的特征,其中日本芮氏孔菌是中国木腐菌新记录种,该种采集于广西壮族自治区。根据中国的材料对该种进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图。     

Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants at Periodic Markets of Autonomous County of Gongcheng Yao in Guangxi

Gongcheng is the second largest county in Guangxi with about 163000 Yao population. Periodic Markets are important places for trading of medicinal plants harvested by Gongcheng Yao villagers. The study aimed to look into the marked traded medicinal plants that are used by local people for curing various ailments. Ethnobotanical market survey methods, interviews, Participatory Action Research (PAR) and field visits were planned to elicit information on the uses of various medicinal plants. It was found that 71 plant species in the market which belong to 41 families are commonly used by local people for curing various diseases, all species are wild plants. A total of 133 records of medical uses in 52 herbal recipes for the treatment some common diseases. In most of the recipes recorded, digestion diseases, respiratory system diseases, infectious diseases,rheumatological diseases and surgery are used. The traditional knowledge about the number of medicinal plants available in that area and used by interviewees was positively correlated with the threats on medicinal plants in the wild habitats of the research area, which indicating that the diversity of wild medicinal plants and the associated traditional knowledge trends to disappear in the area.     

Application of index number theory to the construction of a water quality index: Aggregated nutrient loadings related to the areal extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Numerous studies have linked individual nutrient loadings from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers to the growth of the hypoxic, or oxygen depleted, zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico. However, in the discussion of policy to remediate Gulf hypoxia, it is beneficial for stakeholders and policymakers to obtain a single measure for water quality that characterizes information from multiple water pollutants. This study aggregates loadings from six nutrients measured at the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico into a single time-varying index of water quality. The index is constructed using traditional index number theory originating from economic production theory, mainly, Shephard’s distance functions calculated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The methodology is an advance over other index construction schemes because the determined metric weights are endogenous, calculated from the data itself, and do not require external user input. To validate the index, May values of the index are used within a statistical regression model to model the areal extent of Gulf hypoxia using mid-July cruise measurements from 1985 to 2013, excluding 1989 when no cruise data were available. Regression results (R²_adj = 0.81) suggest the index is successful at aggregating multiple pollutants into a single measure of water quality and may be useful for tracking their aggregated effect on the growth of the hypoxia area in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Calculation of the water quality index described here is automatic in the sense that no human intervention is required for variable selection, statistical analysis or assignment of weights. This is very useful for specifying a water quality objective in a multiple objective optimization for watershed management.     

广西姑婆山野生柑橘资源花粉形态观察及其系统分类学研究

该研究以广西贺州市姑婆山野生皱皮柑、姑婆山野生元橘以及其他柑橘类共28个材料的花粉为实验材料,通过扫描电镜观察花粉的赤道面、极面、外壁纹饰等形态特征,并对姑婆山野生皱皮柑和姑婆山野生元橘的亲缘关系进行分析,以揭示姑婆山野生柑橘资源的分类地位及其系统演化关系。结果表明:(1)姑婆山野生皱皮柑和姑婆山野生元橘花粉都为中等型、形状都为长球形,但姑婆山野生皱皮柑较大,前者极轴长为(35.24±1.94)μm,赤道轴长为(20.39±1.35)μm,后者极轴长为(30.21±1.14)μm,赤道轴长为(22.12±1.97)μm。(2)在外壁纹饰上两者差别比较大,姑婆山野生皱皮柑的网眼较大且多为不规则圆形或多边形,网眼直径为(1.65±0.09)μm,网脊较狭且突起,网脊宽度为(0.51±0.10)μm,与莽山野柑(尖叶)、莽山野柑(圆叶)比较相近;姑婆山野生元橘的网眼较小,多为圆形或近圆形,网眼直径为(0.86±0.08)μm,网脊稍宽突起不明显,网脊宽度为(0.47±0.09)μm,与岑溪酸橘、印度酸橘比较相近。(3)聚类分析结果显示,在遗传距离0.827处将28份试验材料分为9个组群,其中姑婆山野生皱皮柑单独为第Ⅸ组,且在遗传距离0.976处与第Ⅷ组[莽山野柑(尖叶)、莽山野柑(圆叶)]聚为一组;姑婆山野生元橘与其中10份材料聚为第Ⅴ组,且在遗传距离0.07处与岑溪酸橘聚为一组,在遗传距离0.10处又和印度酸橘聚为一组。研究推测,姑婆山野生皱皮柑与莽山野柑(尖叶)、莽山野柑(圆叶)有一定的亲缘关系,且具有原始性和独特性,莽山野柑(含姑婆山野生皱皮柑)应该为柑橘属内独立的真正的种或者是除枳属、金柑属和柑橘属外的一个独立属;姑婆山野生元橘与岑溪酸橘、印度酸橘有一定的亲缘关系,从网脊宽度、网眼直径大小分析,推测姑婆山野生元橘较道县野橘、立花橘原始。     

广西茶六个品种的核型分析

广西5个农家栽培茶和1个野生茶品种的染色体观察,它们的核型分别为:龙胜单株茶2n=30=18m+2m(SAT)+10 sm;开山茶2n=30=20m+4m(SAT)+6 sm;桂青茶2n=30=20m+2m(SAT)+8 sm;凌云茶2n=30=18m+2m(SAT)+10 sm;排旗茶2n=30=22 m+2m(SAT)+6 sm;扶绥茶(野生品种)2n=30=22 m+8 sm;它们的核型均属“2A”型。并且都为二倍体种。