浙江秀山岛湿地生态系统初探

秀山岛位于东海舟山渔场海域,岛上有大片的湿地资源分布,其滨海部分与舟山渔场的生物资源特别是渔业生物资源密切联系,具有罕见的海岛特色。海岛的特殊地理位置为秀山岛湿地赋予了独特的生态特征。秀山岛湿地内动植物资源丰富,生物多样性高,共有植物种类300余种,栖息的鸟类共有26个科108种,包括国家一级保护动物东方自鹳（Ixobrychus minutus）。还有国家二级保护动物獐（Hydropotes inermis）等珍贵动物自然栖息。秀山岛湿地包括潮下带湿地（浅海湾）、潮间带湿地（泥滩、芦苇丛）、潮上带湿地（咸水沼泽、半咸水沼泽）、异化湿地（盐田、养殖池、稻田）等几个紧密联系的部分。具有多方面的生态功能。由于对湿地的生态功能重视不够,湿地生态系统破碎化严重。目前在秀山岛湿地已经建立了湿地自然保护区,湿地生态系统得到了较好的发展。     

Development of multiple elisas for the detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus in pig sera

The major immunogenic proteins (Ems,E2 and NS3) of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) (Shimen strain) were expressed in E.coli and purified by affinity chromatography.The recombinant antigens were appl...     

Growing-season precipitation since 1872 in the coastal area of subtropical southeast China reconstructed from tree rings and its relationship with the East Asian summer monsoon system

Tree rings from temperate zones of the world have provided abundant palaeo- ecological and paleo-hydroclimatic information. However, tree rings from subtropical to tropical regions remain relatively scarce, which greatly limit our fully understanding about the climate change issues. In the present work, tree-ring-width (TRW) measurements of Masson pine from Fujian province, the coastal area of subtropical southeast China were successfully crossdated and a TRW STD chronology was developed from 1854 to 2012. Significantly positive correlation was identified between the tree rings and April–November total precipitation (r = 0.71, p < 0.01). The reconstructed April–November precipitation exhibited two comparatively wet (1876–1886 and 1957–1962) and one comparatively dry (1986–2004) periods. An evident drying trend since 1959 was seen and it was mitigated after 1993. Most of the extreme low-precipitation years in the reconstruction were supported by the historical records. As revealed by the spatial correlation patterns, our precipitation reconstruction was also consistent with other hydroclimatic records along the coastal areas of southeast China, proving its ability to capture the large-scale hydrological signal in southeast China (mainly refers to the south of the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River). The reconstructed precipitation showed significant correlation with the East Asian summer Monsoon (EASM) index. Moreover, it also indicated simultaneous variation with the monsoon precipitation in North China on a decadal scale, implying that growing season precipitation variations in both regions were influenced by the EASM strength. This work highlights the potential of using tree-ring width to reconstruct precipitation in subtropical southeast China, while the relevant issues about precipitation variation in this region is far from resolved.     

Bacteria,phages and pigs: the effects of in-feed antibiotics on the microbiome at different gut locations

Disturbance of the beneficial gut microbial community is a potential collateral effect of antibiotics, which have many uses in animal agriculture (disease treatment or prevention and feed efficiency improvement). Understanding antibiotic effects on bacterial communities at different intestinal locations is essential to realize the full benefits and consequences of in-feed antibiotics. In this study, we defined the lumenal and mucosal bacterial communities from the small intestine (ileum) and large intestine (cecum and colon) plus feces, and characterized the effects of in-feed antibiotics (chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine and penicillin (ASP250)) on these communities. 16S rRNA gene sequence and metagenomic analyses of bacterial membership and functions revealed dramatic differences between small and large intestinal locations, including enrichment of Firmicutes and phage-encoding genes in the ileum. The large intestinal microbiota encoded numerous genes to degrade plant cell wall components, and these genes were lacking in the ileum. The mucosa-associated ileal microbiota harbored greater bacterial diversity than the lumen but similar membership to the mucosa of the large intestine, suggesting that most gut microbes can associate with the mucosa and might serve as an inoculum for the lumen. The collateral effects on the microbiota of antibiotic-fed animals caused divergence from that of control animals, with notable changes being increases in Escherichia coli populations in the ileum, Lachnobacterium spp. in all gut locations, and resistance genes to antibiotics not administered. Characterizing the differential metabolic capacities and response to perturbation at distinct intestinal locations will inform strategies to improve gut health and food safety.     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白主要抗原域的高效表达及间接ELISA方法的初步建立

重组质粒pET-2e转化宿主菌BL21(DE3),以IPTG进行诱导表达,比较不同诱导条件下目的蛋白的表达量,确定其最佳表达条件,使外源基因获得了较高水平的表达,可达茵体蛋白总量的36．6％。Western-blot检测表明表达产物具有良好的免疫反应原性。将收集的纯培养物进行超声波裂解后以镍亲和层析柱纯化回收目的蛋白,再以纯化后的目的蛋白作为包被抗原进行方阵滴定试验,确定了目的蛋白作为包被抗原的最佳稀释度,初步建立了检测CSF血清抗体水平的间接ELISA方法。以此方法建立的间接ELISA方法对收集的约120头份血清样品进行检测,结果显示：使用囊素与疫苗共同免疫猪的血清抗体水平明显高于未加囊素组猪的血清抗体水平,与以往的报道一致,为以CSFV重组蛋白作为抗原建立的间接ELISA方法的标准化奠定基础。     

猪重要胴体性状的遗传定位

为了寻找影响猪重要胴体性状主基因在染色体的位置,我们以大白猪和梅山猪为父母本建立了F2资源家系。随机选留81头F2代个体,经屠宰获得猪胴体性状数据。结合家系个体的48个微卫星标记基因型,用线性模型最小二乘法对各胴体性状进行数量性状基因座（QTL）的区间定位。定位结果表明位于猪染色体（SSC）4号的瘦肉率和瘦肉量QTL达到基因组极显著水平;SSC1、2和4上眼肌面积QTL达到染色体显著水平;位于SSC1和4上的眼肌高度QTL与眼肌面积QTL在同一染色体区域;而眼肌宽度QTL位于SSC6;位于SSC7同一标记区间的皮重、皮率、骨重和骨率QTL表现出很好的一致性,均达到染色体显著水平。SSC6和7的体长QTL达到染色体显著水平。 Abstract: To detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body composition traits in pigs, a resource family with three-generation was developed by using Large White grand sires and Meishan grand dams. A total of 81 F2 progenies were phenotyped for body composition. All animals were genotyped for microsatellite markers. The main results are as follows:, the strongest linkages at genome-wise level of lean meat percentage and total meat content were detected on SSC1 and 4. QTLs for loin eye area were located on SSC1, 2 and 4, QTLs for loin eye height on SSC 1 and 4, and QTLs for loin eye width on SSC 6. The best positions estimated for QTLs of skin percentage and of skin weight were in the same marker interval. Two QTLs significant at genome-wise level or highly significant at chromosome-wide level for carcass length were located on SSC6 and 7.     

两种螺旋藻在不同生长阶段的硒胁迫和生物有机化效应

在极大螺旋藻(S.maxima)和钝顶螺旋藻(S.platensis)不同生长阶段进行硒胁迫处理,分别从接种后第1d至第5d开始添加硒,并不断增加硒含量,至第7d使硒的累计添加量为1000mg·L^-1,形成5种不同硒胁迫(硒胁迫Ⅰ～Ⅴ),观察各种硒胁迫下螺旋藻的生物量及对无机硒的生物有机化的影响。结果表明:硒胁迫Ⅰ～Ⅳ对两种螺旋藻的生长影响不明显,而硒胁迫Ⅴ对螺旋藻生长有明显促进作用;藻体含硒总量和螺旋藻对无机硒的有机化率按硒胁迫Ⅰ～Ⅴ依次增加。首次提出硒胁迫强度概念,并用此较好地解释了有关实验结果。     

含双拷贝CSFV E2基因A和D片段原核表达载体的构建及表达

猪瘟是严重危害养猪业的传染病,该病具有高度接触传染性,其流行性广,发病率高,死亡率高,危害极大,被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)列为A类传染病之一.本病的主要临床特征是高热、实质器官出血、淋巴细胞和血小板减少,而怀孕母猪多发生繁殖防碍.每年,猪瘟的发生都为国家造成巨大的经济损失.     

活菌制剂活菌数急剧衰降的原因与减缓衰降的方法

市售活菌制剂口服液活菌数急剧衰降的原因是营养缺乏,特别是缺乏部分氨基酸及某些维生素。增加动物性蛋白胨及强化酵母膏,添加适量维生素可使活菌数一年后保持在１０^６／ｍｌ以上。     

应用免疫金银技术检测猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株感染细胞

在应用免疫金银染色技术成功地对猪瘟病毒弱毒疫苗Thiveral株（CSFV．T株）感染的PK－15细胞进行检测的基础上,通过改进免疫金银反应的条件,进一步提高了免疫金银法的检测灵敏度和特异性。目前已将该技术应用到对猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒疫苗株（CSFVC株）感染细胞的检测,获得较为满意的实验结果。免疫金银染色技术的应用为研究CSFV在细胞中增殖的规律提供更为灵敏的检测手段,并且可望为猪瘟疫苗生产中的滴度测定提供一种简便有效的手段。