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971.
深入探究山地生态系统植物群落多样性与关键土壤因子的关系及土壤因子在植物群落构建与多样性维持中的重要作用是区域生物多样性保护和生态系统服务功能综合提升的基础。本文采用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)和相关分析揭示了贺兰山东坡典型植物群落多样性垂直分布格局与土壤因子的关系。结果表明:(1)贺兰山东坡植物群落多样性具有明显的垂直分布格局,针阔叶混交林植物物种组成最为丰富,中域效应明显;不同层次植物多样性随海拔升高变化趋势不一致且各自在不同海拔间差异显著(P<0.05),植物多样性大体表现为草本层 > 灌木层 > 乔木层。(2)研究区土壤因子沿海拔梯度变化趋势不同,均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中土壤含水量(SM)、有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)含量空间变异性较大;高山灌丛草甸土壤养分含量最高,高海拔区土壤P限制高。(3)9个土壤因子解释了研究区总体植物多样性89.68%的生态信息,与植物多样性具有较强的相关性,影响不同层次植物多样性垂直分异的关键土壤因子略有不同。综上,土壤有机碳、pH、碳磷比、含水量是影响贺兰山东坡植物多样性空间分布的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   
972.
董一鸣  孙博文  徐琳瑜 《生态学报》2024,44(5):1892-1903
森林生态效益补偿制度对于提高森林建设者积极性、促进森林生态效益提升具有重要意义。然而,我国森林生态效益补偿实践中依然存在仅以森林面积为补偿依据导致激励错位的问题。基于此,结合国家"双碳"目标,提出一种基于碳汇总量与变化量双向视角的综合森林生态效益补偿优先级机制,选取我国重要生态功能区秦巴山区为案例,分别从森林碳汇总量与变化量视角量化各区县生态补偿优先级,并构建二者结合的综合优先级模型,以促进在生态补偿实践中的资金分配公平性与激励性。研究发现,(1)在研究期内大多区县森林碳汇总量增长,但存在个别区县森林碳汇功能降低的现象,具体原因存在差异;(2)碳汇总量优先级与碳汇变化量优先级清单存在差异。总量优先级高的区县,变化量优先级较低,因此,生态补偿应综合考虑各区县森林碳汇在两个维度的表现;(3)综合优先级排名结果呈现"高值-中值-低值"的不同区间特征,该补偿机制在综合优先级高值区激励区县扩建森林、新增森林碳汇,在中值区激励区县保育森林,在低值区鼓励区县结合森林现状从扩建与保育两个方向提升森林碳汇功能。以森林碳汇保育与增汇成果为导向,有效探索碳汇功能在生态补偿中的实践价值,为我国区域森林生态效益补偿实践的公平性与科学性提供研究基础。  相似文献   
973.
孙传谆  王梓辰  李景刚  李灿  王超 《生态学报》2023,43(5):2061-2073
我国国土空间生态保护修复已进入“山水林田湖草”系统治理和建设阶段。开展生态保护修复的分区研究,正确认识生态系统的地域组合特征及其分异规律,可以为落实系统治理理念提供空间指导。当前生态保护修复分区研究逐渐重视生态系统的完整性,但对于生态系统表征维度相对单一,导致对国土空间系统性综合认知受限。基于此,基于生态安全理论以及生态系统综合评估框架,构建生态保护修复分区的多维度指标体系,以提升对国土空间的系统性综合认知。以流域为基本单元,在评估粤港澳大湾区生态现状本底和退化特征的基础上,采用空间聚类方法划分两级生态保护修复分区。结果表明:(1)各流域生态现状质量和退化程度空间分异较为明显。生态现状质量呈现出外部高、中部低的圈层式分异特征。而生态退化空间分布则相对分散。(2)以生态现状综合指数与一级分区指标数据的空间异质性为基础,可将研究区划分为5个在空间上连续的生态保护修复一级区。以生态退化综合指数与二级分区指标数据的空间异质性为基础,可在一级区内部划分出11类29个生态保护修复二级区。研究方案可为国土空间的“山水林田湖草”系统治理提供生态分区优化路径。同时也为研究区生态保护修复提供了空间决策支持...  相似文献   
974.
冀北山地天然次生林土壤生态化学计量特征及影响因素   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
黄磊  张永娥  邵芳丽  余新晓 《生态学报》2021,41(15):6267-6279
为了探究天然次生林植被及立地因子对土壤养分含量的影响,量化植被与立地因子对土壤养分的影响比例,为合理抚育冀北山区次生林,提高次生林生产力提供依据,以冀北山地分布的天然次生林为研究对象,选取代表性的地段并设置面积为20 m×20 m的样地,以均匀布点与多点混合为原则,按照0-20、20-40、40-60 cm土层取样。测定土壤pH值、土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon,SOC)、全氮(Total nitrogen,TN)、全磷(Total phosphorus,TP)、全钾(Total potassium,TK)、速效磷(Available phosphorus,AP)、速效钾(Available potassium,AK)含量,并计算土壤碳、氮、磷计量比。结果表明:不同深度土层土壤TN与SOC之间保持显著相关(P<0.001),SOC、C∶N与AK之间呈显著正相关(P<0.01);研究区域冀北山地次生林3层不同深度土壤C∶N平均值(27.74、29.96、29.44)与C∶P平均值(158.86、128.63、119.20)明显高于全国土壤C∶N(11.90)与C∶P(60.00)平均值,N∶P平均值(6.45、4.59、4.70)与全国平均水平(3.56)基本相当,对各深度层土壤N∶P值与土壤TN、TP值进行相关性分析发现,TN值与N∶P的相关性更加显著,说明影响N∶P值的主要因素为氮素量的限制。环境因子对3层不同深度土壤的养分指标分别做出48.64%、53.45%及49.23%的解释比例(P<0.001),因子交互后的解释能力相较因子自身的解释能力更强,地形因子与其他因子相交互后,解释比率分别为其单独解释比例的6.45、8.06、3.21倍。从立地条件角度讲,地形因子能够对土壤养分空间分布产生一定的影响,抚育过程中对地形因子的作用应当予以重视。  相似文献   
975.
基于贺兰山地区98棵油松树轮样本的宽度数据、植被归一化指数(NDVI)数据以及土地覆被数据,采用VS-oscilloscope模型模拟的油松径向生长过程,研究植被冠层与树干形成层物候之间的联系.结果表明:林地冠层与油松形成层生长结束期(EOS)显著相关,且高于草地与形成层之间的相关.油松生长开始期(SOS)和EOS分别...  相似文献   
976.
Understanding carnivores’ diet is key to understanding their adaptability in a rapidly changing world. However, studying diet of large carnivores is difficult due to their elusive nature. In this study, we performed DNA metabarcoding analyses of 82 putative leopard scats collected from two distinct, but connected, habitat types (rainforest and grassland) in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. Two mitochondrial markers were used to identify predator and prey. Metabarcoding confirmed that 60 of the collected scats (73%) originated from leopards, and nineteen mammalian prey DNA sequences were identified to species. Using prey size correction factors for leopards, and covariates on habitat type and prey ecology, we investigated whether differences in leopard dietary composition were detectable between habitats. We found that leopards in grassland consumed a larger mean prey size compared with leopards in rainforest. Small prey (<19 kg) constituted >70% of the biomass consumed by leopards in rainforest, while large prey (≥80 kg) were only eaten in grassland. Arboreal species constituted 50% of the biomass consumed by rainforest leopards. Our results highlight the importance of arboreal species in their diet. From a management perspective, we suggest continued protection of all prey species in the protected areas to prevent human–wildlife conflicts.  相似文献   
977.
978.
The Chiquibul/Maya Mountain Massif (CM3) is an approximately 1.25 million-acre area in southwestern Belize and is among the most intact tropical forests north of the Amazon. The CM3 has a variety of habitats that contribute to its valuable environmental services and high aesthetic value, but despite its protected area status, the CM3 is under increasing pressure from extraction of natural and cultural resources as a result of transboundary incursions on the western border and increased land-use changes from industrial activities that include agriculture, hydropower development, logging, and mining. Conceptual ecological models (CEM) are effective planning tools for organizing existing information about natural systems for determining gaps in knowledge and research priorities, and for developing objectives and measures of success for management and monitoring programs. The CEM of the CM3 describe ecological relationships among major stressors and attributes of the system and presents performance measures to quantify potential change to attributes. Attributes were derived from defining characteristics of the massif and chosen as valuable ecological and cultural components of the massif. Ecological linkages between stressors and attributes highlight priorities for conservation, management, and research that will ensure continued protection of the CM3.  相似文献   
979.
We studied survival of elk (Cervus elaphus) ≥1 yr old and quantified mortality sources in the Blue Mountains of Washington, 2003–2006, following a period of extensive poaching. The population was managed under a spike-only general hunting season, with limited permits for larger males and for females. We radiomarked 190 elk (82 males and 39 females >1 yr old and 65 males 11 months old), most with rumen transmitters and neck radiocollars; 60 elk only received rumen transmitters. We estimated annual survival using known fate models and explored survival differences among sex and age classes and in 2 potentially different vulnerability zones for males. We found little support for differences in survival between younger (2–3-yr old) and older (≥4-yr old) branch-antlered males or zone differences for yearling males. A model with zone differences for branch-antlered males was the second ranked model and accounted for 14% of the available model weight. From the best-supported models, we estimated annual survival for yearling males at 0.41 (95% CI: 0.29–0.53). We estimated pooled adult female survival at 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64–0.93); when an age-class effect was included, point estimates were higher for prime-aged females (2–11 yr: S = 0.81 [0.70–0.88]) than for older females (≥12 yr: S = 0.72 [0.56–0.83]), but confidence intervals broadly overlapped. Only 1 of 7 models with a female age effect on survival was among the competitive models. For branch-antlered males, survival ranged 0.80–0.85, depending on whether zone variation was modeled. We recorded 78 deaths of radiomarked elk. Human-caused deaths (n = 55) predominated among causes and most were of yearling males killed during state-sanctioned hunts (n = 28). Most subadult male deaths were from tribal hunting (n = 5), and most mature males died from natural causes (n = 6) and tribal hunting (n = 5). We detected few illegal kills (n = 4). Our results suggest that increased enforcement effectively reduced poaching, that unreported tribal harvest was not a trivial source of mortality, and that spike-only general seasons were effective in recruiting branch-antlered males. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.  相似文献   
980.
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