ent-Abietane diterpenoids from Isodon rubescens var. rubescens

ent-Abietane diterpenoids, hebeiabinins A-F (1-5), together with seven known diterpenoids were isolated from leaves of Isodon rubescens var. rubescens. The structures of 1-5 were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including application of 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The diterpenoids isolated were evaluated for the cytotoxicity against A549, HT-29, and K562 tumor cells. Compound 5 was the most active with IC(50) value of 0.91 microM against A549 cells.     

Enhanced iturin A production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> and its effect on suppression of the plant pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizoctonia solani</Emphasis>

The behavior of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius N47 was studied in a glucose limited chemostat with a complex cultivation medium. The steady-state study yielded the characteristic constants μ _max over 0.10 h⁻¹, Y _XS 0.536 g g⁻¹, and m_S 0.54 mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹. The product of secondary metabolism, ɛ-rhodomycinone, was produced with characteristics Y _PX 12.99 mg g⁻¹ and m _P 1.20 mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Significant correlations were found for phosphate and glucose consumption with biomass and ɛ-rhodomycinone production. Metabolic flux analysis was conducted to estimate intracellular fluxes at different dilution rates. TCA, PPP, and shikimate pathway fluxes exhibited bigger values with production than with growth. Environmental perturbation experiments with temperature, airflow, and pH changes on a steady-state chemostat implied that an elevation of pH could be the most effective way to shift the cells from growing to producing, as the pH change induced the biggest transient increase to the calculated ɛ-rhodomycinone flux.     

Temporal changes in the cyst densities of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum and other dinoflagellates in Manila Bay, Philippines

Temporal variation in the type and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in Manila Bay, Philippines, is established using ²¹⁰Pb-dated sediment cores. At least 17 dinoflagellate cyst species, including those of the toxic species, Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum, were identified. P. bahamense may have been present in the area since at least the 1920s. Total cyst density has increased beginning about 1988 to 1998 coinciding with records of P. bahamense blooms in the area. Heterotrophs have always dominated the cysts assemblage. These changes in the dinoflagellate record and the P. bahamense blooms in recent years may have been induced by the interplay of warmer temperatures, high rainfall leading to higher river discharge and less turbulent waters due to passage of few tropical cyclones.     

桂林小花苣苔离体快速繁殖技术

对抗结核植物桂林小花苣苔(Chiritopsis repanda var. guilinensis)进行离体培养与快速繁殖技术研究。结果表明: 桂林小花苣苔叶片外植体的最适初代诱导培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L^–16-BA+0.05 mg·L^–1IBA, pH8.0; 最适继代增殖培养基为 MS+0.1 mg·L^–16-BA+0.05 mg·L^–1IBA, pH6.0, 繁殖系数7.0/35天; 最适生根培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg·L^–1NAA, pH6.0, 生根率为93.6%。模拟桂林小花苣苔自然生境, 在春季对生根试管苗进行大棚移栽, 成活率达90%。根据上述快繁技术, 理论上每株试管苗每年可繁殖桂林小花苣苔种苗46万株。     

Catapyrenium (Verrucariaceae) species from South America

13 species of the lichen genusCatapyrenium are reported from South America. Five species (C. analogicum, C. andicolum, C. exaratum, C. lachneoides, andC. podolepis) are described as new. A key to the species known from South America is presented. Remarks on taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the species are given.Studies on the lichen genusCatapyrenium (Verrucariaceae) III. For second part seeBreuss (1991).     

The cytotoxicity of protoneodioscin (NSC-698789), a furostanol saponin from the rhizomes of Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca, against human cancer cells in vitro

Protoneodioscin (NSC-698789) is a furostanol saponin isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca (Dioscoreaceae), a Chinese herbal remedy for cancer treatment. Our studies showed that protoneodioscin is cytotoxic against most cell lines from leukemia and solid tumors in the NCI's (National Cancer Institute, USA) anticancer drug screen. Leukemia, CNS cancer, and prostate cancer are the most sensitive subpanels to protoneodioscin, while melanoma, ovarian cancer, and renal cancer are less sensitive. The preliminary animal studies showed that the maximum tolerant dose of protoneodioscin was 600 mg/kg to mice. Based on an analysis of the COMPARE software with protoneodioscin as a seed compound, no compounds in the NCI's database have similar cytotoxicity patterns to those of protoneodioscin, indicating a potentially novel mechanism of anticancer action involved.     

短果大蒜芥花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究

短果大蒜芥（Sisymbrium loeselii L.var.brevicarpum Z.X.An)花蜜腺位于雄蕊基部花托上,属十字花科环状花蜜腺类型中的侧棱环四圆环亚型。蜜腺由分泌表皮,产蜜组织和维管束组成。分泌表皮上有变态气孔器,蜜腺中部的气孔器呈舟状分布。产蜜组织中的维管束来自于花托中的维管束分支,属较进化的十字花科花蜜腺的亚型类型。蜜腺原基是在花的各部分原基分化后,由雄蕊基部花托表面区域的2－3层细胞,经反分化形成,环状蜜腺发生发育同步,在蜜腺的发育过程中,蜜腺组织中的液泡和淀粉粒都发生了有规律的变化,其原蜜汁由维管束提供,运转至产蜜组织,最后由变态气孔泌出。     

檵木与红花檵木的解剖结构研究

对7个不同地点的野生檵木、野生红花檵木、栽培红花檵木花的解剖结构进行了研究,浏阳大围山野生檵木花的数性遗传结构与其它地区的野生檵木有较大差异,4数性花和5～6数性花各占50%;红花檵木野生和栽培类型均以5数性花数量居多,不同于文献记载的檵木属植物4数性花的分类属征(每朵花花瓣、雄蕊、退化雄蕊及萼片均为4数).利用花的结构遗传变异探讨了红花檵木的起源和品种演化历史.