TDZ对喜树愈伤组织生长及色素积累的影响

目的:研究苯基噻二唑基脲(Thidiazuron,TDZ)对喜树愈伤组织生长及叶绿素、花青素积累的影响。方法:采用TDZ单独应用及合并植物激素对喜树愈伤组织进行了继代培养。结果:单独应用TDZ时1mg/L为组织生长最适浓度。1mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L NAA可显著促进愈伤组织的生长及叶绿素的积累,1mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L 2,4-D培养条件下花青素含量高于单独应用TDZ培养。结论:TDZ在喜树愈伤组织培养中可替代植物激素并对细胞植物色素积累有明显影响。     

新疆植物区系新资料

报道了采自新疆阿尔泰山地区的1个中国新记录属假糖芥属Rhammatophyllum O. E. Schulz, 6个中国新记录种--渐尖岩蕨Woodsia acuminata (Fomin) Sipl.、短命繁缕Stellaria alsinoides Boiss. &; Buhse、假糖芥Rh. erysimoides (Kar. &; Kir.) Al-Shehbaz &; O. Appel、克氏鹤虱Lappula krylovii Ovczinnikova, A. I. Pjak &; A. L. Ebel、肝色柳穿鱼Linaria hepatica Bunge和佐氏新缬草Valerianella szovitsiana Fisch. &; Mey.。     

Characterization of 10 microsatellite markers for the understorey Amazonian herb Heliconia acuminata

We characterized 10 microsatellite loci for the plant Heliconia acuminata from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (Manaus, Brazil). Markers were screened in 61 individuals from one population and were found to be polymorphic with an average of eight alleles per locus. We found moderate to high levels of polymorphic information content, and observed and expected heterozygosities. All 10 markers are suitable for spatial genetic structure and parentage analyses and will be used for understanding H. acuminata dynamics across a fragmented landscape.     

喜树开花特性及繁育系统的研究

定位观测了喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decne)花部构造、开花特性,用杂交指数(OCI)、花粉/胚珠比(P/O)、去雄、套袋、人工授粉等方法测定了喜树的繁育系统.结果表明:喜树花序为由4～6个头状花序组成的聚伞花序,聚伞花序上部的头状花序由两性花组成,下部的花序由雄花组成,两性花雌雄蕊发育正常,雄蕊10枚,雌蕊1枚,下位子房,一室,倒生胚珠;雄花雄蕊发育正常,雌蕊不发育.自然条件下,同一头状花序散粉后2 d,花粉活力最高;两性花在柱头外翻后3～4 d,柱头可受性最强,第6天失去可受性.喜树两性花为半同步雌雄蕊异熟类型,每个头状花序的所有小花同步开放,雄蕊先成熟,表现为雄性时期,雄蕊脱落后,雌蕊成熟,表现为雌性时期,上一级头状花序雌蕊成熟期与下一级头状花序雄蕊成熟期重合.繁育系统检测结果为部分自交和异交,需要传粉者活动才能完成授粉过程.     

一株来自大西洋表层海水的烷烃降解菌Gordonia sp. S14-10的分离鉴定及其降解相关特性的分析

摘要：【目的】本研究的目的是从大西洋表层海水分离筛选新的烷烃降解菌,了解其降解基因及降解特性,为海洋石油污染的生物治理提供材料。【方法】以柴油与原油作为混合碳源从大西洋表层海水样品中富集、并分离筛选出降解能力较强的烷烃降解菌。根据16S rRNA基因和其看家基因secA1序列确定其系统进化地位。分析了烷烃降解范围、表面活性剂产生能力及其他生理生化特性;利用已报道的兼并引物进行了烷烃羟化酶基因的PCR扩增及系统进化分析。【结果】分离筛选得到1株能够降解C10?C36直链烷烃的菌株S14-10。经16S rR     

喜树内生真菌的分离、鉴定以及抗植物病原菌活性的初步研究

对喜树植株中的内生真菌进行分离纯化,共得到126株内生菌株。对126株内生菌株进行液体培养,并对其发酵产物进行抗菌活性测定。发现在供试质量浓度为5mg／mL时,126株菌株中有24株喜树内生真菌的发酵液对水稻纹枯病菌、稻瘟病菌以及辣椒疫霉具有不同程度的抑制菌丝生长的活性作用;其中,菌株XSY09的发酵液对此三种植物病原菌有明显的抑制作用,抑制率分别为74．97％、39．63％和58．49％。在0．1mg／mL的测试浓度下,菌株XSY09发酵液的乙酸乙酯相对三种植物病原菌均有较好的抑制作用。对该菌株的ITS序列进行测序分析,初步鉴定XSY09为炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）真菌。     

Fire mediated edge effects in bayhead tree islands

Question: The role edges play in mediating the effects of disturbance is unclear. Bayhead tree islands, which experience above‐ and belowground fire, contain trees that recover from disturbance by seed (Pinus elliottii var. densa) and by sprouting (Gordonia lasianthus). How does distance‐to‐edge affect survival and post‐fire response of trees with these contrasting life‐history strategies? Location: Two bayhead tree islands at Archbold Biological Station, central Florida, North America. Methods: Stem diameter, depth of peat smoldering, char height, resprouting status, and location were recorded for all Pinus and Gordonia stems ≥8 cm. Distance to the edge of the tree island was quantified using GIS. Results: The focal species showed contrasting patterns of survival across the edge‐to‐interior gradient that reflected gradients of fire severity. Survival of Gordonia was lowest in the bayhead interior where peat smolder was deepest. Conversely, survival of Pinus was lowest near the edges where char heights were greatest. The distinct types of Gordonia resprouting (crown versus basal) also showed spatially contrasting patterns. Basal resprouting dominated near the edges and was positively influenced by char height, while crown resprouting was nearly constant across the edge‐to‐interior gradient and was negatively influenced by char height. Conclusions: The spatial patterns of tree survival and resprouting observed are likely due to gradients in intensity of peat smoldering and aboveground burning, coupled with differential susceptibility to these two types of fire. Despite the rarity of fire in wetland tree islands (compared to uplands) it may play an important role in structuring the spatial distribution of trees.     

Enhancement of phase separation by the addition of de-emulsifiers to three-phase (diesel oil/biocatalyst/aqueous phase) emulsion in diesel biodesulfurization

Ethanol, added as a de-emulsifier to separate oil and biocatalyst (or bacterial cells) from a three-phase (oil/biocatalyst/aqueous phase) emulsion, formed in diesel biodesulfurization employing Gordonia nitida, improved oil recovery by centrifugation from about 50% in its absence to almost 100% at 3% (v/v). The biocatalyst recovered with ethanol addition showed similar specific growth rates (0.03 h^–1) and dibenzothiophene desulfurization rates (6–7.2 mol l^–1 h^–1) to those (0.03 h^–1 and 7.1 mol l^–1, respectively) of the biocatalyst recovered with no ethanol addition. The desulfurization activity significantly increased as the number of the repeated recovery and reuse of the biocatalyst.     

Desulphurisation of benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene by actinomycete organisms belonging to the genus Rhodococcus, and related taxa

Desulphurising enzymes remove the sulphur moiety from an organosulphur molecule leaving the carbon skeleton intact. Two kinds of desulphurisation reaction are recognised. The dibenzothiophene (DBT)-specific pathway desulphurises DBT to inorganic sulphite and 2- hydroxybiphenyl (HBP), and the benzothiophene (BTH)-specific pathway desulphurises BTH to 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethan 1-al (HPEal) and probably inorganic sulphite. The DBT-desulphurisation pathway was originally identified in Rhodococcus erythropolis strain IGTS8 (ATCC 53968), and the BTH-desulphurisation pathway in Gordonia sp. strain 213E (NCIMB 40816). These organisms do not further metabolise the organic product of desulphurisation.In this article current knowledge of the biochemistry and genetics of the desulphurisation enzymes is reviewed. The need for separate, DBT- and BTH-specific desulphurisation routes is rationalised in terms of the chemical differences between the two compounds. The desulphurisation pathway is compared with other microbial DBT- degrading enzyme systems. Finally some comments are made concerning the application of desulphurisation enzymes for fuel desulphurisation and on the relevance of these enzymes to the ecology of the mycolata (sensu Chun et al, 1996).     

Susceptibility of urea and uric acid levels to neurohormone influence in the freshwater pulmonate,lymnaea acuminata

Effects of pooled ganglionic extract on the urea and uric acid levels from blood, hepatopancreas, mantle and kidney of the pulmonate L. acuminata have been analysed. Blood urea and mantle uric acid were significantly (P<0.005 and P<0.05 respectively) increased following injection with pleuroparietalpedal-visceral (PPPV Complex) ganglia homogenate within 2 hrs. On the contrary hepatopancreas urea and kidney uric acid levels were significantly (P<0.00) lowered. Cerebral ganglia homogenate and boiled extract of PPPV complex did not provoke any significant change in urea and uric acid levels. It is advocated that (a) neurohormone(s) which is (are) heat-labile and originate from the PPPV complex, influence(s) the nitrogen end-products in these snails.