塔里木河叶尔羌高原鳅繁殖生物学研究

2010年7月至2011年12月,在塔里木河阿拉尔段采集叶尔羌高原鳅Triplophysa (Hedinichthys) yar-kandensis (Day)940尾(除性别未辨个体外)用于繁殖生物学研究。种群雌雄比为0.85︰1,最小性成熟,雌性个体体长为8.2 cm,体重为7.4 g,年龄为3龄;雄性个体体长为6.5 cm,体重为3.4 g,年龄为2龄。叶尔羌高原鳅卵径分布呈单峰形,推测应属于同步产卵类型。计算了88尾Ⅳ-Ⅴ期雌鱼的怀卵量,其体长范围30-195 mm,体重范围3.59-114.04 g,绝对繁殖力为1101-56320(9944±5487)粒,相对繁殖力为824-1140(982±158);塔里木河阿拉尔段叶尔羌高原鳅种群繁殖力(Fp)为403.46万粒。     

重组反义GFAP逆转录病毒对星形胶质细胞在胶质瘢痕增生中作用的研究

本文研究了脑穿刺损伤后伤灶组织中大胶质细胞的变化、性激素对脑损伤后星形胶质细胞反应的影响,以及反义胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）逆转录病毒表达载体对Ａｓｔ形态结构,反应性胶质化及胶质瘢痕形成的作用。结果表明,胶质瘢痕中增生的大胶质细胞主要是Ａｓｔ,ＧＦＡＰ对维持Ａｓｔ的形态结构及功能具有重要作用;少突胶质细胞在胶质瘢痕形成过程中不是反应活跃的细胞成分;性激素对Ａｓｔ的反应性胶质化有一定程度的抑制作     

Polyhydroxylated steroids from the soft coral Sinularia dissecta

A repeated silica gel column chromatography followed by HPLC purification on the methanol extract of marine soft coral Sinularia dissecta, resulted in the isolation of fifteen polyhydroxylated steroids (1-15), involving six new C-18 functionalized steroids, 3beta-acetoxy-1alpha,11alpha-dihydroxygorgost-5-en-18-oic acid (1), gorgost-5-en-1alpha,3beta,11alpha,18-tetrol (2), 18-acetoxy-1alpha,3beta,11alpha-trihydroxygorgost-5-ene (3), 24(S)-3beta-acetoxy-1alpha, 11alpha-dihydroxyergost-5-en-18-oic acid (4), 24(S)-ergost-5-en-1alpha,3beta,11alpha,18-tetrol (5), and dissectolide (6). The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (IR, MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) analysis. Compound 6 was found as an unusual sterol bearing a lactone functionality.     

纳木错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究

采用常规的组织切片方法,对西藏特有鱼类纳木错裸鲤的性腺发育进行了组织学研究,系统地描述了各期精巢和卵巢的形态结构、特征及其变化.尤其论述了其卵巢中卵细胞的卵黄核破碎与分解的特点、卵膜的结构、核仁排出物在卵黄形成过程中的作用,以及卵粒重吸收的过程.根据各期卵巢中卵母细胞的组成情况,认为纳木错裸鲤已达性成熟的个体并不是每年都参与繁殖活动是对高原极端、多变气候环境的一种生态适应;阐明了纳木错裸鲤属于分批同步产卵鱼类.       

Gender‐ and season‐dependent relationships between testosterone, oestradiol and immune functions in wild roach

Plasma testosterone and 17β‐oestradiol concentrations, differential leukocyte counts and proportion of dead Rhipidocotyle campanula gill parasites (parasite resistance) were determined five times during a year in two populations of roach Rutilus rutilus and analysed for seasonal and gender differences. In addition to the above immune variables, plasma Immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration, chemiluminescence and migration differential of head kidney phagocytes, size of the spleen, haematocrit and total leukocyte count were correlated with sex hormones for each population, sampling time and sex separately, using condition factor as a partial correlate. There were no clear gender differences in the determined immune variables. Both testosterone and oestradiol concentrations were lowest after the spawning in June. Oestradiol was higher in females than in males, but testosterone was present in equal concentrations in both sexes. Statistically significant correlations between sex hormones and immune variables were rare and mainly without any patterns with respect to population, sex or sampling date. The meta‐analysis on individual correlations, however, revealed a positive relationship of plasma testosterone concentration to chemiluminescence of head kidney phagocytes, plasma IgM concentration and the proportion of dead R. campanula to all R. campanula on the gills. In the meta‐analysis, the concentration of oestradiol was not found to correlate with any of the studied immune variables.     

Effects of adrenocortical steroids on long-term potentiation in the limbic system: Basic mechanisms and behavioral consequences

Summary Hippocampal structures are a major target for adrenal steroid hormones, and hence these neural regions are some of the most likely mediators of the effects of adrenocortical steroids on behavior. Memory disturbance, in particular biasing toward negative contents, are part of the symptomatology presented by depressive patients. In turn, a sizeable subset of depression also presents with hypercortisolemia. Adrenocortical hormones are also known to affect memory processes. Hippocampal formatio is essential for declarative memory. We thought it appropriate then to study the effects of adrenal steroids on long-term potentiation, a putative memory mechanism in the hippocampus. Two clearly distinguished components of the evoked response to perforant path stimulation can be studied in the hippocampus: the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which denotes the graded depolarization of the somadendritic region of the neuron and the population spike (PS), a manifestation of the all-or-none-discharge of the cell action potential. Corticosterone had a significant depressant effect on the EPSP component of the evoked response immediately and 15 min after injection. Thereafter EPSP amplitudes were within normal values. Corticosterone significantly decreased the PS immediately after the train, the component remaining low 30 min after the train. 5-Dihydrocorticosterone (a ring A-reduced metabolite of corticosterone) significantly reduced the PS component of the response at all times after injection. 18-Hydroxydeoxycorticosterone and deoxycorticosterone significantly decreased both EPSP and PS components of the evoked response from the time of infusion. Contrary to expectation, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone was ineffective in decreasing and if anything, enhanced the development of long-term potentiation. 18-Hydroxydeoxycorticosterone 21-acetate behaved like vehicle, except for the first 30 min after injection when the EPSP was decreased. Allotetrahydroprogesterone decreased all EPSP's values and had no effect in the PS development in comparison with vehicle. The suggestion is made that the study of steroidal effects on hippocampal LTP can serve as a preclinical model of some aspects of depression in a specific subset of the disease.     

大口黑鲈amh基因全长cDNA克隆、表达及多克隆抗体制备

为研究大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)抗缪勒氏管激素(amh)基因的表达及其在性腺发育中的潜在作用,研究利用RACE技术克隆得到了大口黑鲈amh基因,并制备Amh多克隆抗体,通过qRT-PCR、Western Blot分析Amh在大口黑鲈不同组织和不同发育阶段性腺中的表达模式,最后利用HE染色法和免疫组化观察不同发育阶段性腺的形态组织学变化及其与Amh表达的潜在关系。结果显示:大口黑鲈amh基因cDNA序列全长2050 bp,由24 bp5′非编码区、394 bp3′非编码区和1632 bp的开放阅读框组成,共编码543个氨基酸。amh基因mRNA在大口黑鲈11个组织中均有表达,其中雄鱼精巢中表达量最高,肌肉次之,雌鱼卵巢中表达量最高,肌肉次之。amh基因在雌雄鱼不同发育阶段的性腺中表达存在显著差异,精巢中表达量均显著高于卵巢(P<0.05)。同时, Western Blot结果显示Amh蛋白在精巢中表达丰度较高。amh基因在精巢中的表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,且在孵化后65d鱼精巢中其表达量达到最高(P<0.05),免疫组化结果显示Amh表达于早期精...     

New Spirostane from a Fungus Neohelicomyces hyalosporus and Its Bioactivity

A new spirostane, namely neohelicomyine B ( 1 ), together with six known steroids ( 2 – 7 ) were isolated from the fermentation of fungus Neohelicomyces hyalosporus. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive analyses of spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The bioactivities of compounds 1 – 7 were evaluated using cellular assays. Compound 1 displayed moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells (hepatoma cells) with IC₅₀ value of 8.4±2.1 μM. Compound 7 also exhibited cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells with the IC₅₀ value of 3.0±0.2 μM.     

一个22p＋家系的临床及分子细胞遗传学研究

本文对一例男性性腺发育不全伴有22p 标记染色体的患者及其家庭成员进行了分子细胞及临床细胞遗传学研究,结果表明,该家系中共有6名成员有22p 染色体,它们来源于先证者的外祖母。标记染色体的p 部分几乎与22q等大,C－带呈深染,G－,R－带在p 中间分别可见一条较窄的浅,深带型,Ag-显带在p＋末端见到较大的银染区,部分p 出现双NOR,型分析未见其它,D,G组或Y染色体重排,rRNA基因的染色体原位杂交银颗粒沿整个p 分布,其数目是正常D,G组染色体短臂上平均数的3．9倍,家系研究表明,在6例22p 携带者中,2例女性具有多次自然流产史,4例男性中除一例年龄12岁末见明显性腺异常外,其余3人均有不同程度性腺或外生殖器异常,结合文献,我们认为此家系中22p 可能与上述异常表型存在着一定的关系。     

Evidence for the presence of specific binding sites for corticoids in mouse liver plasma membranes

Summary The specific binding of [³H]cortisol to plasma membranes purified from mouse liver, studied by the ultrafiltration method, shows the existence of specific binding sites for cortisol. The kinetic parameters of this binding areK _D=4.4nm andB _max=685 fmol/mg protein in presence of 1 m of corticosterone. With respect to the binding of 4nm [³H]cortisol to the membrane, the affinities of the steroids decreased in the following order: deoxycorticosterone>corticosterone>progesterone>cortisol >prednisolone>testosterone>20-hydroxyprogesterone >cortisone. Estradiol, dexamethasone, ouabain and triamcinolone acetonide do not have affinity for this binding site. Neither Ca²⁺ nor Mg²⁺ affected the binding of [³H]cortisol to the plasma membranes. Likewise, the presence of agonists and antagonists of alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors did not modify the binding of [³H]cortisol. The results suggest that the plasma membrane binding site characterized is more specific for corticoids and is different from nuclear glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors.