Reproductive endocrine responses to photoperiod and exogenous gonadotropins in the pallas' cat (Otocolobus manul)

Fecal samples were collected for 14–26 months from three male and six female Pallas' cats (Otocolobus manul) to examine gonadal steroidogenic activity in response to changes in photoperiod and treatment with exogenous gonadotropins. Females exhibited a seasonal anestrus from May–December, excreting consistently low concentrations of fecal estrogens (overall mean, 50.2±8.5 ng/g). During the breeding season (January–April), baseline fecal estrogen concentrations were higher, averaging 128.4±18.9 ng/g, with peak concentrations ranging from 455.8–909.6 ng/g. Interpeak intervals in estrogen excretion ranged between 7 and 21 days, with an average estrous cycle length of 14.3±1.7 days. Two females became pregnant after natural mating, with overall luteal progestogen concentrations averaging ～40 μg/g throughout gestation. Fecal estrogens increased in mid‐gestation, peaking just before birth. Induction of follicular development with eCG (100–300 IU, i.m.) resulted in an increase in fecal estrogens (peak range, 263.1–1198.1 ng/g), followed by a postovulatory increase in fecal progestogens (overall mean, 41.1±11.9 μg/g) after hCG (75–150 IU, i.m.). Despite apparently normal ovarian responses, none of the females conceived after artificial insemination (AI). The gonadotropin‐induced nonpregnant luteal phase lasted 49.8±5.3 days (range, 30–60 days), whereas gestation lasted ～70 days. In the male Pallas' cat, fecal androgens were elevated from November–April (overall mean, 352.3±30.3 ng/g) compared with nadir concentrations during the rest of the year (82.1±3.3 ng/g). Entrainment of seasonality to photoperiod was demonstrated by stimulation of gonadal steroidogenic activity in cats exposed to increasing artificial light during natural (nonbreeding season) and artificially induced short‐day photoperiods. In summary, reproduction in Pallas' cats is highly seasonal and photoperiod‐dependent. Females exhibit elevated baseline and peak fecal estrogen concentrations for 3–4 months during late winter/early spring. Testicular steroidogenic activity precedes the rise in female estrogen excretion by about 2 months, presumably to ensure maximal sperm production during the breeding season. Zoo Biol 21:347–364, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

养殖鲥鱼性腺发育的研究

经激素处理和生态调控的养殖鲥鱼,能完成性腺发育的全过程,其可分为６个时期,卵细胞发育可相应分为６个时相。与其它鱼类不同,细胞中液泡最早出现在胞质的内缘而不是外缘。大、小核仁数随卵母细胞的发育而变化。成熟卵巢成熟系数为８５４％～１２６４％。成熟期卵径为６２８５～８３５３μｍ、精子头径为０７４～１５５μｍ。达性成熟的鲥鱼,冬季卵巢为Ⅱ期、精巢为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期。精、卵巢发育呈现出明显的不同步现象。前者５月底开始进入成熟期,后者７月初进入成熟期。初级卵母细胞由Ⅱ时相发育到Ⅳ时相基本上是同步的。第Ⅳ期卵巢卵径的频率仅出现１个高峰。养殖鲥鱼属１年１次产卵类型。     

塔里木河叶尔羌高原鳅繁殖生物学研究

2010年7月至2011年12月,在塔里木河阿拉尔段采集叶尔羌高原鳅Triplophysa (Hedinichthys) yar-kandensis (Day)940尾(除性别未辨个体外)用于繁殖生物学研究。种群雌雄比为0.85︰1,最小性成熟,雌性个体体长为8.2 cm,体重为7.4 g,年龄为3龄;雄性个体体长为6.5 cm,体重为3.4 g,年龄为2龄。叶尔羌高原鳅卵径分布呈单峰形,推测应属于同步产卵类型。计算了88尾Ⅳ-Ⅴ期雌鱼的怀卵量,其体长范围30-195 mm,体重范围3.59-114.04 g,绝对繁殖力为1101-56320(9944±5487)粒,相对繁殖力为824-1140(982±158);塔里木河阿拉尔段叶尔羌高原鳅种群繁殖力(Fp)为403.46万粒。     

重组反义GFAP逆转录病毒对星形胶质细胞在胶质瘢痕增生中作用的研究

本文研究了脑穿刺损伤后伤灶组织中大胶质细胞的变化、性激素对脑损伤后星形胶质细胞反应的影响,以及反义胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）逆转录病毒表达载体对Ａｓｔ形态结构,反应性胶质化及胶质瘢痕形成的作用。结果表明,胶质瘢痕中增生的大胶质细胞主要是Ａｓｔ,ＧＦＡＰ对维持Ａｓｔ的形态结构及功能具有重要作用;少突胶质细胞在胶质瘢痕形成过程中不是反应活跃的细胞成分;性激素对Ａｓｔ的反应性胶质化有一定程度的抑制作     

纳木错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究

采用常规的组织切片方法,对西藏特有鱼类纳木错裸鲤的性腺发育进行了组织学研究,系统地描述了各期精巢和卵巢的形态结构、特征及其变化.尤其论述了其卵巢中卵细胞的卵黄核破碎与分解的特点、卵膜的结构、核仁排出物在卵黄形成过程中的作用,以及卵粒重吸收的过程.根据各期卵巢中卵母细胞的组成情况,认为纳木错裸鲤已达性成熟的个体并不是每年都参与繁殖活动是对高原极端、多变气候环境的一种生态适应;阐明了纳木错裸鲤属于分批同步产卵鱼类.       

Early conversion of maternal androgens affects the embryo already in the first week of development

Maternal androgen exposure has potent effects on offspring development. As substantial levels of maternal androgens are deposited in avian egg yolks, avian eggs are frequently used to study maternal effects, with a strong focus on post-natal development. However, the underlying pathways are largely unknown. Since the hormones are taken up during the embryonic phase, and these are rapidly metabolized by avian embryos into metabolites such as etiocholanolone, we studied the effects of yolk androgens (testosterone and androstenedione) and their metabolite etiocholanolone during the first few days of embryonic development. As embryonic heart rate is often used as an indicator of embryonic development, we measured the heart rate from day 3 to day 6 of incubation by using a shell-less culture technique in rock pigeon eggs (Columba livia). Increased androgen exposure increased heart rate, and increased etiocholanolone mimicked this effect, albeit in a small sample size. This indicates that exposure to maternal androgens increases embryonic overall metabolism which may account for the developmental outcomes found in previous studies such as increased growth. Moreover, etiocholanolone is likely to be an important metabolite in a non-genomic pathway underlying the androgen-mediated maternal effect.     

大口黑鲈amh基因全长cDNA克隆、表达及多克隆抗体制备

为研究大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)抗缪勒氏管激素(amh)基因的表达及其在性腺发育中的潜在作用,研究利用RACE技术克隆得到了大口黑鲈amh基因,并制备Amh多克隆抗体,通过qRT-PCR、Western Blot分析Amh在大口黑鲈不同组织和不同发育阶段性腺中的表达模式,最后利用HE染色法和免疫组化观察不同发育阶段性腺的形态组织学变化及其与Amh表达的潜在关系。结果显示:大口黑鲈amh基因cDNA序列全长2050 bp,由24 bp5′非编码区、394 bp3′非编码区和1632 bp的开放阅读框组成,共编码543个氨基酸。amh基因mRNA在大口黑鲈11个组织中均有表达,其中雄鱼精巢中表达量最高,肌肉次之,雌鱼卵巢中表达量最高,肌肉次之。amh基因在雌雄鱼不同发育阶段的性腺中表达存在显著差异,精巢中表达量均显著高于卵巢(P<0.05)。同时, Western Blot结果显示Amh蛋白在精巢中表达丰度较高。amh基因在精巢中的表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,且在孵化后65d鱼精巢中其表达量达到最高(P<0.05),免疫组化结果显示Amh表达于早期精...     

一个22p＋家系的临床及分子细胞遗传学研究

本文对一例男性性腺发育不全伴有22p 标记染色体的患者及其家庭成员进行了分子细胞及临床细胞遗传学研究,结果表明,该家系中共有6名成员有22p 染色体,它们来源于先证者的外祖母。标记染色体的p 部分几乎与22q等大,C－带呈深染,G－,R－带在p 中间分别可见一条较窄的浅,深带型,Ag-显带在p＋末端见到较大的银染区,部分p 出现双NOR,型分析未见其它,D,G组或Y染色体重排,rRNA基因的染色体原位杂交银颗粒沿整个p 分布,其数目是正常D,G组染色体短臂上平均数的3．9倍,家系研究表明,在6例22p 携带者中,2例女性具有多次自然流产史,4例男性中除一例年龄12岁末见明显性腺异常外,其余3人均有不同程度性腺或外生殖器异常,结合文献,我们认为此家系中22p 可能与上述异常表型存在着一定的关系。     

Evidence for a Turner syndrome locus or loci at Xp11.2-p22.1.

Turner syndrome is the complex human phenotype associated with complete or partial monosomy X. Principle features of Turner syndrome include short stature, ovarian failure, and a variety of other anatomic and physiological abnormalities, such as webbed neck, lymphedema, cardiovascular and renal anomalies, hypertension, and autoimmune thyroid disease. We studied 28 apparently nonmosaic subjects with partial deletions of Xp, in order to map loci responsible for various components of the Turner syndrome phenotype. Subjects were carefully evaluated for the presence or absence of Turner syndrome features, and their deletions were mapped by FISH with a panel of Xp markers. Using a statistical method to examine genotype/phenotype correlations, we mapped one or more Turner syndrome traits to a critical region in Xp11.2-p22.1. These traits included short stature, ovarian failure, high-arched palate, and autoimmune thyroid disease. The results are useful for genetic counseling of individuals with partial monosomy X. Study of additional subjects should refine the localization of Turner syndrome loci and provide a rational basis for exploration of candidate genes.