高校专业基础课程“微生物学”思政案例设计

为充分挖掘微生物学课程中的思政元素,发挥专业课程在立德树人方面的重要作用,本文对微生物学课程思政的设计理念和具体案例进行介绍,构建以微生物学知识为主体,以发展历史、名人故事、励志典故、日常生活等为素材,将专业知识和思政教育融合,引导学生树立辩证思维,端正学生求真求实的科学态度,增强学生社会责任感,实现"全员育人、全程育人、全方位育人"的创新教育模式。     

酶工程精品资源共享课程的建设及后期拓展性应用的探索

酶工程精品资源共享课程建设是提高酶学与酶技术研究效率的重要手段,通过各种网络技术将信息及时、准确地进行传递,并能将复杂的文字表达演化为动画、图像等更易于接受的媒介,使学生的学习效率和学习热情达到最优组合,并为学生多媒体教学后的复习与巩固,答疑解难及知识拓展创造了更为便利的平台。因此,作为资源共享课程,在网络模式的建设和后期拓展性应用等方面,从学生学习的目的和实际效果出发,还必须在教学中做更深入的探讨,通过优化教学模块、丰富考核方式、增强移动平台运用及借鉴慕课管理等措施,以促进课程的高效实施和建设质量,最终达到资源共享课程的精品建设。     

Seasonal variation in the phytomass,chemical composition and nutritional value of Azolla filiculoides Lam. along the water courses in the Nile Delta,Egypt

The present study aims to assess phenological behaviour, phytomass production, chemical composition and nutritional value of Azolla filiculoides in the water courses of the Nile Delta, Egypt. The sampling process was carried out seasonally using twenty‐five plots (each of 1 × 1 m) distributed along 15 irrigation canals and 10 drainage canals in the study area. Sprouting of A. filiculoides had its maximum activity during winter, vegetative growth during spring and summer and withering during autumn. Maximum seasonal phytomass (285.2 g DW m^‐2) was found during spring. The annual mean was significantly higher in drainage canals (278.3 g DW m^‐2) than in irrigation canals (144.4 g DW m^‐2). The concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na in A. filiculoides from drainage canals were significantly higher than in those from irrigation canals. Regarding the type of water courses, there were no significant differences in organic contents and nutritive values between the irrigation and drainage canals. The analysis of growth characteristics indicated that A. filiculoides can grow quite well in drainage canals; its macronutrient (N, Ca, Mg, Na and Fe) contents are high enough to allow it to be used as a bio‐fertilizer. On the other hand, A. filiculoides could be considered as a ‘nutrients and heavy metals remover’ especially in drainage canals for wastewater treatment if the plant is harvested during its maximum phytomass. As feed supplement for animals, this plant could be considered as excellent forage because its high levels of carbohydrate, protein, crude fat, total digestible nutrients and the lower crude fiber contents (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The Role of Golf Courses in Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management

We assessed the ecological value of golf courses based on a quantitative synthesis of studies in the scientific literature that have measured and compared biota on golf courses to that of biota in green-area habitats related to other land uses. We found that golf courses had higher ecological value in 64% of comparative cases. This pattern was consistent also for comparisons based on measures of species richness, as well as for comparisons of overall measures of birds and insects—the fauna groups most widely examined in the studies. Many golf courses also contribute to the preservation of fauna of conservation concern. More broadly, we found that the ecological value of golf courses significantly decreases with land types having low levels of anthropogenic impact, like natural and nature-protected areas. Conversely, the value of golf courses significantly increases with land that has high levels of anthropogenic impact, like agricultural and urban lands. From an ecosystem management perspective, golf courses represent a promising measure for restoring and enhancing biodiversity in ecologically simplified landscapes. Furthermore, the review suggests that golf courses hold a real potential to be designed and managed to promote critical ecosystem services, like pollination and natural pest control, providing an opportunity for joint collaboration among conservation, restoration and recreational interests. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J.C. have designed the study, performed research, the analysis of data and writing the paper, and C.F. has especially contributed to the latter two.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative study on the environmental impact assessment of golf course development between Korea and China

There are currently a number of planned development projects that threaten environmental assets in the Northeast Asian region, especially between Korea and China. To solve those problems, both countries initiated environmental impact assessment (EIA) systems in the 1980s. However, the actual supporting policies and legislative actions were finally developed in recent years. Koreas EIA Act was enacted in 1993 and then replaced by the Integrated Impact Assessment Act in 1999, and China adopted its independent law of EIAs in 2002 and enacted it in 2003. This study deals with the EIA systems in the two countries, focusing on golf course development, by comparing the differences and similarities between them in the following aspects: preparation of environmental impact statements (EISs), review process, approval procedure, and EIS contents. The aim of the study is to obtain a better understanding of the EIA systems in Korea and China, and to promote cooperation between the two countries related to any future potential environmental problems. The results show that EIA procedures and EIS contents in the two countries are relatively different. Specifically, although there are some limitations on technical analysis and survey experience in China, its EIA system is somewhat more advanced in legislative terms, requiring more advanced measures, such as screening and scoping. On the other hand, Koreas legislation contains more specific and concrete requirements, a compulsory supplement system, and technical methods of surveying. However, Korea needs to reform its system to make the application of the law more flexible and reasonable. This paper not only proposes that the two EIA systems can be improved by adopting each others good points, but also provides some policy suggestions to improve each countrys EIA system.     

Diurnal and Seasonal Changes in Photosynthesis and Photosystem 2 Photochemical Efficiency in Prosopis juliflora Leaves Subjected to Natural Environmental Stress

The plants of Prosopis juliflora growing in northern India are exposed to large variations of temperature, vapour pressure deficits (VPD), and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) throughout the year. Under these conditions P. juliflora had two short periods of leaf production, one after the winter season and second after summer, which resulted in two distinct even aged cohorts of leaves. In winter with cold nights (2–8 °C) and moderate temperatures during the day, the plants showed high rates of photosynthesis. In summer the midday temperatures often reached <45 °C and plants showed severe inhibition of photosynthesis. The leaves of second cohort appeared in July and showed typical midday depression of photosynthesis. An analysis of diurnal partitioning of the absorbed excitation energy into photochemistry showed that a smaller fraction of the energy was utilised for photochemistry and a greater fraction was dissipated thermally, further the photon utilisation for photochemistry and thermal dissipation is largely affected by the interaction of irradiance and temperature. The plants showed high photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2) at predawn and very little photoinhibition in all seasons except in summer. The photoinhibition in summer was pronounced with very poor recovery during night. Since P. juliflora exhibited distinct pattern of senescence and production of new leaves after winter and summer stress period, it appeared that the ontogenic characteristic together with its ability for safe dissipation of excess radiant energy in P. juliflora contributes to its growth and survival.     

Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthetic Gas Exchange Responses to Irradiance of Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus Altissima) in Contrasting Urban Environments

Sun-and shade-adapted plants of Ailanthus altissima utilized thermal-dissipative photoprotection (NPQ) across a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), with higher NPQ and lower maximum quantum yield of photosystem 2 photochemistry (F_v/F_m) in sun-adapted individuals, suggesting increased engagement of antennae-based quenching. Photosynthetic quantum requirements (Q_req; number of photons per CO₂) were similar in sun and shade plants, but were low and comparable to forest understory species. Diurnal measurements showed that PPFDs in both habitats were consistently above photosynthetic compensation irradiance, and frequently exceeded saturating values. In addition, sun- and shade-adapted individuals possessed stomata that tracked short-term fluctuations in PPFD. Thus A. altissima may be unique in that it couples high, shade-plant like photosynthetic efficiency with high photosynthetic capacity in high-irradiance, while stomatal attributes that optimize water use efficiency are maintained in the shade. These features may contribute to success of A. altissima in establishing in disturbance-prone urban systems, and facilitate its spread into more PPFD-limited and competitive natural ecosystems.     

Gas Exchange,Photochemical Efficiency,and Leaf Water Potential in Three Salix Species

Gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, and leaf water potential (_l) of Salix matsudana (non-indigenous species), S. microstachya and S. gordejevii (indigenous species) were studied in Hunshandak Sandland, China. _l of all the three species decreased from 06:00 to 12:00, and increased afterwards. S. matsudana showed higher values of _l than others. Net photosynthetic rate (P _N) and stomatal conductance (g _s) of S. matsudana were the lowest among all, with the maximum P _N at 10:00 being 75% of that of S. gordejevii. Compared with the indigenous species, the non-indigenous S. matsudana had also lower transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE). The values of F_v/F_m in all the species were lower from 06:00 to 14:00 than those after 14:00, indicating an obvious depression in photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 in both non-indigenous and native species. However, it was much more depressed in S. matsudana, the non-indigenous tree. P _N was positively correlated to g _s and negatively related to _l. The relationship between g _s and vapour pressure difference (VPD) was exponential, while negative linear correlation was found between g _s and _l.     

The structure of human thioredoxin reductase 1 provides insights into C-terminal rearrangements during catalysis

Human thioredoxin reductase (hTrxR) is a homodimeric flavoprotein crucially involved in the regulation of cellular redox reactions, growth and differentiation. The enzyme contains a selenocysteine residue at its C-terminal active site that is essential for catalysis. This redox center is located on a flexible arm, solvent-exposed and reactive towards electrophilic inhibitors, thus representing a target for antitumor drug development. During catalysis reducing equivalents are transferred from the cofactor NADPH to FAD, then to the N-terminal active site cysteine residues and from there to the flexible C-terminal part of the other subunit to be finally delivered to a variety of second substrates at the molecule's surface. Here we report the first crystal structure of hTrxR1 (Sec-->Cys) in complex with FAD and NADP(+) at a resolution of 2.8 A. From the crystals three different conformations of the carboxy-terminal arm could be deduced. The predicted movement of the arm is facilitated by the concerted action of the three side-chain residues of N418, N419 and W407, which act as a guiding bar for the C-terminal sliding process. As supported by previous kinetic data, the three visualized conformations might reflect different stages in enzymatic catalysis. Comparison with other disulfide reductases including human glutathione reductase revealed specific inhibitor binding sites in the intersubunit cavity of hTrxR that can be exploited for structure-based inhibitor development.     

分子实验技能课程教学模式初探

目的:探索适合临床研究生的分子实验技能课教学模式,提高研究生科研思维能力和实验技能。方法:根据临床研究生的特点,以学生为主体,注重学生科研思维的培养,运用多样化的教学手段,对研究生临床分子实验技能课程的教学方法进行探索。结果:通过实验技能课的学习与培训,临床研究生科研思维能力得到很大的提升,对医学实验研究兴趣增加,取得了很好的教学效果。结论:多元化教学模式比较适合临床研究生实验技能课的教学。