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101.
Contribution of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to the uptake of cadmium and nickel in bean and maize plants 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
Two experiments were carried out in pots with three compartments, a central one for root and hyphal growth and two outer ones
which were accessible only for hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae ([Nicol. and Gerd.] Gerdemann and Trappe). In the first experiment, mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were grown in two soils with high geogenic cadmium (Cd) or nickel (Ni) contents. In the second experiment, mycorrhizal
and nonmycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) or bean plants were grown in a non-contaminated soil in the central compartment, and either the Cd- or Ni-rich soil in
the outer compartments. In additional pots, mycorrhizal plants were grown without hyphal access to the outer compartments.
Root and shoot dry weight was not influenced by mycorrhizal inoculation, but plant uptake of metals was significantly different
between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. In the first experiment, the contribution of mycorrhizal fungi to plant uptake
accounted for up to 37% of the total Cd uptake by bean plants, for up to 33% of the total copper (Cu) uptake and up to 44%
of the total zinc (Zn) uptake. In contrast, Ni uptake in shoots and roots was not increased by mycorrhizal inoculation. In
the second experiment, up to 24% of the total Cd uptake and also up to 24% of the total Cu uptake by bean could be attributed
to mycorrhizal colonisation and delivery by hyphae from the outer compartments. In maize, the mycorrhizal colonisation and
delivery by hyphae accounted for up to 41% of the total Cd uptake and 19% of the total Cu uptake. Again, mycorrhizal colonisation
did not contribute to Ni uptake by bean or maize.
The results demonstrate that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus contributed substantially not only to Cu and Zn uptake, but
also to uptake of Cd (but not Ni) by plants from soils rich in these metal cations.
Deceased 21 September 1996
Deceased 21 September 1996 相似文献
102.
A greenhouse study was undertaken to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization requirements for raising mycorrhizal seedlings in soil in containers. Seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala were grown for 40 days in dibble tubes containing fumigated or nonfumigated soil uninoculated or inoculated with Glomus aggregatum. The soil was fertilized with NH4NO3 solution to obtain 25–200 mg N kg-1 soil, and with a KH2PO4 solution to establish target soil solution P concentrations of 0.015–0.08 mg P l-1. At the end of 40 days, seedlings were transplanted into pots containing 5-kg portions of fumigated soil. Posttransplant vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAMF) effectiveness, measured as pinnule P content, plant height, shoot dry weight and tissue N and P concentrations, was significantly increased by pretransplant VAMF colonization in both soils. The best posttransplant mycorrhizal colonization and mycorrhizal growth responses were observed if the nonfumigated pretransplant soil was amended with 50 mg N kg-1 soil and 0.04 mg P l-1 or if the fumigated pretransplant soil was amended with 100 mg N kg-1 soil and 0.04 mg P 1-1. There was no relationship between NP ratios of nutrients added to the pretransplant soil medium and shoot NP ratios observed after transplanting. Shoot NP ratio was also not correlated with root colonization level.Contribution from the Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Journal Series No. 4025 相似文献
103.
The interaction of Cajanus cajan with Rhizobium and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. C. cajan was planted in soil that had been inoculated with Glomus aggregatum or treated with benlate to suppress VAMF activity. Initial soil solution P concentrations of 0.06, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg l-1 were established to test the interaction at external P levels that ranged from inadequate to nonlimiting for the host plant. At 0.06 and 0.2 mg P l-1, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased plant P concentrations as well as nodule numbers and shoot dry weight. Mycorrhizal inoculation also significantly increased nodule dry weight at a soil P concentration of 0.4 mg l-1 but did not significantly influence any of the other variables. The mycorrhizal inoculation effect observed at this soil solution P concentration could not be explained by any of the measures of plant P status. At 0.8 mg P l-1, none of the measured variables were affected significantly by mycorrhizal inoculation. The results indicate that the enhanced nodulation associated with mycorrhizal inoculation at soil P concentrations lower than 0.4 mg l-1 was explainable by mycorrhizal-mediated P uptake. The small but significant increase in nodule mass due to VAMF inoculation at 0.4 mg P l-1 suggests that factors not related to plant P nutrition may be involved. On the other hand, the lack of a VAMF inoculation effect at 0.8 mg P l-1 despite VAMF colonization at a level comparable to that observed at the former P concentration appear to discount this hypothesis. This observation is also supported by the lack of response of plant N status and nodule number to VAMF inoculation at this soil P concentration.Contribution from the Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Journal Series No.4066 相似文献
104.
Glomus aggregatum and Leucaena leucocephala were interacted in an acid Mn-rich oxisol unamended or amended with lime [Ca(OH)2] or gypsum (CaSO4) at soil P concentrations considered optimal for mycorrhizal host growth and sufficient for mycorrhiza-free growth. At 0.02 mg P 1-1, both vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAMF) colonization and function were significantly curtailed if soil was not amended with gypsum or lime. The highest mycorrhizal effect was observed in the limed soil, followed by the soil treated with gypsum at the rate of 32 g Ca kg-1 soil. Higher concentrations of gypsum deleteriously affected VAMF infectivity and effectivity. The first increment of gypsum compensated completely for the VAMF colonization and for part of the mycorrhizal effect that was lost due to low pH. The superiority of the limed soil to that amended with gypsum apparently lies in the fact that Ca supply was assured in the former and also that the adverse effects of toxic constituents such as H+ and Mn2+ were eliminated. We were unable to separate the effect of Ca on VAMF from its effect on the host because a P concentration sufficient for mycorrhiza-free growth was not attained due to interaction of some of the P with Ca to form insoluble phosphate.Contribution from the Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Journal Series No. 4045 相似文献
105.
The effects of the interaction between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on growth and nutrition of micropropagated ;Grand Naine banana (Musa AAA) cultivar was studied under greenhouse conditions. Inoculation with two G. mosseae isolates significantly increased growth of plants in relation to non-mycorrhizal plants. Response to mycorrhizae was as effective as with an optimum P fertilization in promoting plant development for most growth parameters. Meloidogyne incognita had no apparent effect on the percentage of root colonization in mycorrhizal plants. In contrast, G. mosseae suppressed root galling and nematode buildup in the roots. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was high (over 80%) in low P fertilized plants, but optimum P rates for bananas (four times higher than low P) significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization. Most elements were within sufficiency levels for banana with exception of N which was low for all treatments. Mycorrhizal plants fertilized with a low P rate showed higher N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents as compared to non-mycorrhizal plants low in P with or without the nematode. Inoculation with G. mosseae favours growth of banana plants by enhancing plant nutrition and by suppressing nematode reproduction and galling during the early stages of plant development. 相似文献
106.
Accumulation of sesquiterpenoid cyclohexenone derivatives induced by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in members of the Poaceae 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Sixty one members of the Poaceae, including various cereals, were grown in defined nutrient media with and without the arbuscular
mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith. The roots of all species investigated were colonized by the AM fungus, however, to different degrees and
independent of their systematic position. High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of methanolic extracts from the
roots of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal species revealed dramatic changes in the patterns of UV-detectable products along
with a widespread occurrence of AM-fungus-induced accumulation of sesquiterpenoid cyclohexenone derivatives. The latter occur
most often in the tribes Poeae, Triticeae and Aveneae. Some additional control experiments on plant infection with pathogens
(Gaeumannomyces graminis) and Drechslera sp.) or an endophyte (Fusarium sp.), as well as application of abiotic stress, proved that the metabolism of these terpenoids is part of a response pattern
of many gramineous roots in their specific reaction to AM fungal colonization.
Received: 23 October 1996 / Accepted 11 December 1996 相似文献
107.
Alan C. Gange§ Dominic R. J. Gane§ Yinglong Chen† Mingqin Gong‡ 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2005,7(3):253-263
Abstract 1 Eucalypts are an important part of plantation forestry in Asia but, in south China, productivity is very low. This is due to infertile soils and lack of indigenous symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. The genus Eucalyptus is unusual because it forms both arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. 2 Eucalyptus urophylla saplings were grown with and without AM (Glomus caledonium) and ECM (Laccaria laccata) fungi in a factorial design. Two experiments were performed: one to simulate nursery conditions and the other to simulate the early stages of plantation establishment. Plant growth was measured over 18 weeks and levels of insect attack were recorded. 3 The AM fungus reduced tree growth in the early stages, but the effect appeared to be transient. No effects of ECM were detected on tree growth, but the ectomycorrhiza reduced colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhiza. AM fungi appear to be rapid invaders of the root system, gradually being replaced by ECM. 4 Both fungal types affected levels of damage by insect herbivores. Most importantly, herbivory by the pest insects Anomala cupripes (Coleoptera) and Strepsicrates spp. (Lepidoptera) was decreased by ECM. 5 It is suggested that mycorrhizal effects on eucalypt insects may be determined by carbon allocation within the plant. Future studies of eucalypt mycorrhizas need to take into account the effects of the fungi on foliar‐feeding insects and also the effects of insect herbivory on mycorrhizal establishment. 相似文献
108.
Synergistic effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in bioremediation of iron contaminated soils 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Vartika Mishra Antriksh Gupta Parvinder Kaur Simranjeet Singh Nasib Singh Praveen Gehlot 《International journal of phytoremediation》2016,18(7):697-703
Three Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from Glomus, Acaulospora and Scutellospora, and four plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates related to genera Streptomyces, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Paenibacillus were found to be effective in phytoremediation of Fe3+ contaminated soil where Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor were growing as host plants. Co-inoculation of AMF and PGPR showed better results in comparison to either, AMF and PGPR under pot conditions. Both AMF and PGPR were able to produce siderophores. AMF and PGPR associated to P. glaucum and S. bicolor plants increased the extent of iron absorption. AMF and PGPR combination exhibited superior (p < 0.01) phytoremediation efficiency with P. glaucum compared to S. bicolor. These findings warrant further investigations of these synergistic interactions and large-scale in situ studies for bioremediation of iron-contaminated soils. 相似文献
109.
Integrated multi‐omics analysis supports role of lysophosphatidylcholine and related glycerophospholipids in the Lotus japonicus–Glomus intraradices mycorrhizal symbiosis 下载免费PDF全文
Vinod Vijayakumar Gerhard Liebisch Benjamin Buer Li Xue Nina Gerlach Samira Blau Jessica Schmitz Marcel Bucher 《Plant, cell & environment》2016,39(2):393-415
Interaction of plant roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a complex trait resulting in cooperative interactions among the two symbionts including bidirectional exchange of resources. To study arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) trait variation in the model plant Lotus japonicus, we performed an integrated multi‐omics analysis with a focus on plant and fungal phospholipid (PL) metabolism and biological significance of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Our results support the role of LPC as a bioactive compound eliciting cellular and molecular response mechanisms in Lotus. Evidence is provided for large interspecific chemical diversity of LPC species among mycorrhizae with related AMF species. Lipid, gene expression and elemental profiling emphasize the Lotus–Glomus intraradices interaction as distinct from other arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions. In G. intraradices, genes involved in fatty acid (FA) elongation and biosynthesis of unsaturated FAs were enhanced, while in Lotus, FA synthesis genes were up‐regulated during AMS. Furthermore, FAS protein localization to mitochondria suggests FA biosynthesis and elongation may also occur in AMF. Our results suggest the existence of interspecific partitioning of PL resources for generation of LPC and novel candidate bioactive PLs in the Lotus–G. intraradices symbiosis. Moreover, the data advocate research with phylogenetically diverse Glomeromycota species for a broader understanding of the molecular underpinnings of AMS. 相似文献
110.
应用放射性同位素~(45)Ca示踪来探明泡囊—丛枝菌根真菌对柑桔吸收钙素的作用。两次盆栽试验,施用含~(45)Ca(NO_3)_2的Hoagland营养液,分别在红壤及无土基质人工接种菌根真菌Glomus citricolum于枳(Poncirus trifoliata)和构头橙(Citrus aurantium)实生苗根系,以不接种为对照。结果表明在红壤中接种2个月后,枳已形成菌根,5个月的菌根感染率为24.5%。在无土基质中,菌根的形成更好;接种3个月后,构头橙的菌根感染率为49.5%,并且发生丰富的泡囊。在红壤中,有菌根枳实生苗的地上部从肥料中吸收的钙素和全钙含量都比无菌根的增加75%左右。在无土基质中,有菌根的枳和构头橙实生苗地上部含钙量及放射性强度都比无菌根的显著增高。放射性自显影直接地显示了菌根真菌将吸收的~(45)Ga运转至地上茎叶中,对构头橙的效应更明显。 相似文献