AIDA Selectively Mediates Downregulation of Fat Synthesis Enzymes by ERAD to Retard Intestinal Fat Absorption and Prevent Obesity

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不同人为干扰措施对天然次生灌丛土壤肥力及蓄水能力的影响

亚热带常绿阔叶林遭反复干扰后退化形成的天然次生灌丛在未管护模式下难以恢复为乔木林。在浙江省临安市选择典型天然次生灌丛,以强度人为干扰为对照、分别进行保护性干扰和适度人为干扰,探讨灌丛土壤蓄水能力和肥力质量的响应。4年试验结果表明:与强度人为干扰相比,保护性干扰和适度人为干扰后的土壤总贮水量、吸持贮水量和滞留贮水量分别提高了12.41%、5.33%、17.37%和29.13%、33.23%和26.24%;最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量分别提高了23.35%、9.51%、17.55%和48.63%、56.08和71.05%;与强度人为干扰相比,保护性干扰和适度人为干扰的综合肥力分别提高了1.9%和38.5%,其中保护性干扰的水解氮、有机碳和有机质含量提高了12.11%、38.91%和38.94%,适度人为干扰的水解氮、有效磷、有机碳和有机质含量提高了61.97%、90.57%、130%和130.04%,保护性干扰和适度人为干扰的土壤综合评价指数分别提高了15.43%和58.94%。研究表明,与保护性干扰相比,适度人为干扰在土壤的蓄水保水、肥力和固碳增汇等方面更能达到预期的目标。在有条件经营的情况下,可以选择适度人为干扰措施对天然次生灌丛进行管理从而达到加快土壤恢复的目的。     

Thermally Durable Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy Density from All Hydroxyapatite Nanowire‐Enabled Fire‐Resistant Electrodes and Separators

The reliability and durability of lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are severely hindered by the kinetic imbalance between capacitive and Faradaic electrodes. Efficient charge storage in LICs is still a huge challenge, particularly for thick electrodes with high mass loading, fast charge delivery, and harsh working conditions. Here, a unique thermally durable, stable LIC with high energy density from all‐inorganic hydroxyapatite nanowire (HAP NW)‐enabled electrodes and separators is reported. Namely, the LIC device is designed and constructed with the electron/ion dual highly conductive and fire‐resistant composite Li₄Ti₅O₁₂‐based anode and activated carbon‐based cathode, together with a thermal‐tolerant HAP NW separator. Despite the thick‐electrode configuration, the as‐fabricated all HAP NW‐enabled LIC exhibits much enhanced electrochemical kinetics and performance, especially at high current rates and temperatures. Long cycling lifetime and state‐of‐the‐art areal energy density (1.58 mWh cm^?2) at a high mass loading of 30 mg cm^?2 are achieved. Benefiting from the excellent fire resistance of HAP NWs, such an unusual LIC exhibits high thermal durability and can work over a wide range of temperatures from room temperature to 150 °C. Taking full advantage of synergistic configuration design, this work sets the stage for designing advanced LICs beyond the research of active materials.     

Nutritional and hormonal effects on storage proteins in the silkworm,Bombyx mori L.

Starvation of 48 h old fifth instar larvae depressed storage protein titres initially for 48 h but retained the levels comparable to control thereafter, possibly due to nutrients obtained during the 48 h feeding after fourth ecdysis. After an initial decline ligated larvae accumulated maximum storage proteins in haemolymph. This is because of inhibitory juvenile hormone titre at the basal level besides the appropriate release of 20-hydroxyecdysone from the ectopic source(s). Injection of methoprene (10 Μg/larva) repressed accumulation of storage proteins while 20-hydroxyecdysone (10 Μg/larva) increased the same. P-soyatose injection to starved and ligated larvae accelerated storage protein accumulation in haemolymph, signalling nutrient indispensability for initiation of storage protein synthesis at the appropriate time of last instar development inBombyx mori.     

Effect of Controlled Cold Storage on Recovery of Rotylenchulus reniformis from Naturally Infested Soil

Rotylenchulus reniformis is rapidly becoming the most economically important pest associated with cotton in the southeastern United States. Incentive programs have been implemented to support sampling of production fields to determine the presence and abundance of R. reniformis. These sampling programs have dramatically increased the number of soils samples submitted to nematology laboratories during autumn. The large numbers of samples overwhelm most labs and require placement in cold storage until extraction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the length of time soils infested with R. reniformis can be stored before nematode extraction without compromising the accuracy of estimates of population densities. A sandy loam and a silty loam were the two cotton production soils used in this study. Rotylenchulus reniformis numbers decreased 61%during the first 180 days of storage in both soils. Rotylenchulus reniformis numbers from the initial sampling through 180 days decreased as a linear function. The decline of R. reniformis numbers during storage was estimated as 0.28% of the population lost daily from the maximum population through 180 days. The diminution of nematode numbers from 180 through 1,080 days in storage continued, but at a slower rate. Numbers of R. reniformis declined to less than 89%, 93%, and 99% of the initial population within 360, 720, and 1,080 days, respectively, of storage. The reduction of R. reniformis numbers over 180 days can be adjusted, allowing a more accurate estimation of R. reniformis levels in soil samples stored at 4 °C.     

Diurnal water storage in the stems of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.

Abstract. Two models of the relationship between diurnal variation in shoot water potential and transpiration in 14-year-old Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. were compared. The first model was a physiologically based resistance-capacitance (R-C) analogue with its associated differential equations. The second was a non-physiological discrete-difference (D-D) or stochastic transfer function model. The RC model included only the effect of water storage in the phloem and bark while the D-D model implicity included all storage mechanisms. The R-C and D-D models explained similar fractions (62% and 68% respectively) of the variation in shoot water potential due to diurnal changes in transpiration rate. However, the D-D model had fewer parameters than the R-C model. The results from the D-D model showed that the resistance to flow from soil to shoots along the trunk, (RT), was 5 × 10³ MPa kg^-1s and the capacitance of the phloem and bark treated as a single store, (C_s), was 1.6 kg MPa^-1. It is suggested that the resistance to flow into storage (R_s) is much greater than R_T and can be disregarded. A non-linear version of the D-D model suggested [hat resistance to flow in the trunk increases with increasing transpiration rate.     

低农药残留量的乌龙茶种质资源筛选研究

以福建省武夷山茶叶科学研究所鸟龙茶种质资源圃120份资源为试验材料,依外部形态特征初步筛选出31份比较有希望的品种（系）。将联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和噻嗪酮4种农药喷施于这31份资源,7d后采摘鲜叶,烘干固样。用气相色谱法分析检测31份品种（系）鲜叶中4种农药的残留量,筛选出低联苯菊酯、低甲氰菊酯、低氯氰菊酯和低噻嗪酮残留量的乌龙茶特异资源各5、4、3和7份。     

花生分子标记的研究进展

国内外对花生的研究特别是在分子水平上的研究相对水稻、油菜等农作物比较薄弱。近些年,分子标记技术迅速发展,在花生上也得到广泛的应用。本文从花生属起源、种质资源的遗传多样性、抗性基因的标记和指纹图谱等方面,综述了国内外花生分子标记的研究进展。