Antibiotic drug tigecycline inhibited cell proliferation and induced autophagy in gastric cancer cells

Tigecycline acts as a glycylcycline class bacteriostatic agent, and actively resists a series of bacteria, specifically drug fast bacteria. However, accumulating evidence showed that tetracycline and their derivatives such as doxycycline and minocycline have anti-cancer properties, which are out of their broader antimicrobial activity. We found that tigecycline dramatically inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and provided an evidence that tigecycline induced autophagy but not apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Further experiments demonstrated that AMPK pathway was activated accompanied with the suppression of its downstream targets including mTOR and p70S6K, and ultimately induced cell autophagy and inhibited cell growth. So our data suggested that tigecycline might act as a candidate agent for pre-clinical evaluation in treatment of patients suffering from gastric cancer.     

Integration,visualization and analysis of human interactome

Data integration and visualization are crucial to obtain meaningful hypotheses from the diversity of ‘omics’ fields and the large volume of heterogeneous and distributed data sets. In this review we focus on network analysis as a key technique to integrate, visualize and extrapolate relevant information from diverse data. We first describe challenges in integrating different types of data and then focus on systematically exploring network properties to gain insight into network function. We also describe the relationship between network structures and function of elements that form it. Next, we highlight the role of the interactome in connecting data derived from different experiments, and we stress the importance of network analysis to recognize interaction context-specific features. Finally, we present an example integration to demonstrate the value of the network approach in cancer research, and highlight the importance of dynamic data in the specific context of signaling pathways.     

miR-22 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting CD151

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the carcinogenesis of GC. Here, we found that miR-22 was significantly decreased in GC tissue samples and cell lines. Ectopic overexpression of miR-22 remarkably suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation of GC cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-22 significantly suppressed migration and invasion of GC cells. CD151 was found to be a target of miR-22. Furthermore, overexpression of CD151 significantly attenuated the tumor suppressive effect of miR-22. Taken together, miR-22 might suppress GC cells growth and motility partially by inhibiting CD151.     

不同能量供需下雌性棕色田鼠胃运动的变化

用PowerLab/8sp生理信号采集分析系统记录哺乳雌鼠、禁食1d和3d雌鼠及正常对照雌鼠胃内压、胃收缩幅值及收缩频率,以研究在不同能量需求与供应状态下,棕色田鼠(Lasiopodomys mandarinus)胃运动的适应性变化。结果显示,禁食组和哺乳期雌鼠的胃内压及胃收缩幅值均显著高于正常对照雌鼠组(P0.05),禁食组胃内压、胃收缩幅值较哺乳组有所下降,且禁食3d组胃内压明显下降(P0.05)。说明在不同生理状态下,能量需求与供应不同,消化道活动发生适应性变化,且消化道生理功能变化与能量胁迫程度相关。     

Proteomic analysis of human gastric juice: a shotgun approach

Gastric juice is the most proximal fluid surrounding the stomach tissue. The analysis of gastric juice protein contents will thus be able to accurately reflect the pathophysiology of the stomach. This biological fluid is also a potential reservoir of secreted biomarkers in higher concentration as compared to the serum. Unlike the rest of the gastrointestinal fluids, there were very few studies reported on gastric juice proteome. To date, the proteins that routinely populate this biofluid are largely unknown. This is partly due to the technical difficulties in processing a sample that contains a collection of other gastrointestinal fluids, especially saliva. In this study, we attempt to profile the protein components of the gastric fluids from chronic gastritis patients using a direct shotgun proteomics approach. These data represent the first report of the proteome of human gastric juice with gastritis background.     

TGFβ induces proHB-EGF shedding and EGFR transactivation through ADAM activation in gastric cancer cells

Background and aims: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is known to potently inhibit cell growth. Loss of responsiveness to TGFβ inhibition on cell growth is a hallmark of many types of cancer, yet its mechanism is not fully understood. Membrane-anchored heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (proHB-EGF) ectodomain is cleaved by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) members and is implicated in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation. Recently, nuclear translocation of the C-terminal fragment (CTF) of pro-HB-EGF was found to induce cell growth. We investigated the association between TGFβ and HB-EGF signal transduction via ADAM activation.Materials and methods: The CCK-8 assay in two gastric cancer cell lines was used to determine the effect for cell growth by TGFβ. The effect of two ADAM inhibitors was also evaluated. Induction of EGFR phosphorylation by TGFβ was analyzed and the effect of the ADAM inhibitors was also examined. Nuclear translocation of HB-EGF-CTF by shedding through ADAM activated by TGFβ was also analyzed. EGFR transactivation, HB-EGF-CTF nuclear translocation, and cell growth were examined under the condition of ADAM17 knockdown.Result: TGFβ-induced EGFR phosphorylation of which ADAM inhibitors were able to inhibit. TGFβ induced shedding of proHB-EGF allowing HB-EGF-CTF to translocate to the nucleus. ADAM inhibitors blocked this nuclear translocation. TGFβ enhanced gastric cancer cell growth and ADAM inhibitors suppressed this effect. EGFR phosphorylation, HB-EGF-CTF nuclear translocation, and cell growth were suppressed in ADAM17 knockdown cells.Conclusion: HB-EGF-CTF nuclear translocation and EGFR transactivation from proHB-EGF shedding mediated by ADAM17 activated by TGFβ might be an important pathway of gastric cancer cell proliferation by TGFβ.     

Epigenetic repression of microRNA-129-2 leads to overexpression of SOX4 in gastric cancer

High levels of SOX4 expression have been found in a variety of human cancers, such as lung, brain and breast cancers. However, the expression of SOX4 in gastric tissues remains unknown. The SOX4 expression was detected using immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and our results showed that SOX4 was up-regulated in gastric cancer compared to benign gastric tissues. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying up-regulation of SOX4 in gastric cancers, we analyzed the expression of microRNA-129-2 (miR-129-2) gene, the epigenetic repression of which leads to overexpression of SOX4 in endometrial cancer. We found that up-regulation of SOX4 was inversely associated with the epigenetic silencing of miR-129-2 in gastric cancer, and restoration of miR-129-2 down-regulated SOX4 expression. We also found that inactivation of SOX4 by siRNA and restoration of miR-129-2 induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.     

Effects of the dioxin-like PCB 126 on larval summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus)

Little is known about the sensitivity of teleost post-embryonic developmental stages (larval and metamorphic) to dioxin-like compounds. Larval and metamorphosing summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) were exposed to the dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl congener PCB 126, to compare their sensitivity to other fish species early life stages, and to document effects on metamorphic development, including degree of eye migration and gastric maturation. Median lethal doses (LD 50 s) ranged between 30 and 220 ng/g wet mass, indicating that pre- and early-metamorphic stages of summer flounder are equally sensitive to the embryos of some of the most vulnerable fish species tested. Consistent with the presence of a functional aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, dose-dependent induction of cytochrome P-4501A (CYP1A) at four days post-exposure was observed in liver, stomach, intestine, and kidney of metamorphosing larvae. Stage-dependent differences in the epithelial distribution of CYP1A immunoreactivity were observed in the developing stomach of fish exposed to relatively high PCB 126 doses. A single sublethal dose (15 ng/g) delayed metamorphic progress (determined by the degree of eye migration), and resulted in abnormally high levels of cell proliferation and abnormal gastric gland morphology in late metamorphic stages. These results suggest that the post-embryonic larval and metamorphic stages of summer flounder, and potentially other fish species with complex life histories, are vulnerable to the effects of dioxin-like compounds, including lethality, developmental delay, and malformations.     

幽门螺旋杆菌阳性胃癌组织microRNA-1290、microRNA-134表达与肿瘤增殖基因、侵袭基因和预后的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）阳性胃癌组织中微小核糖核酸-1290（miR-1290)、微小核糖核酸-134（miR-134）的表达及其与肿瘤增殖基因、侵袭基因和预后的关系。方法： 选取2016年1月至2017年1月重庆大学附属三峡医院收治的126例胃癌患者为研究对象，根据Hp检测结果分为Hp阳性胃癌组（n=84）和Hp阴性胃癌组（n=42），另同期60例慢性胃炎患者为对照组。实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测各组组织中miR-1290、miR-134、增殖基因[磷脂酰肌醇3催化亚基A（PIK3CA）、C-myc癌基因（c-myc）]和侵袭基因[碱性螺旋环-螺旋转录因子(Twist)、N钙黏素（N-cad）]的表达。Pearson相关分析Hp阳性胃癌组织miR-1290、miR-134与肿瘤增殖PIK3CA、c-myc和侵袭基因Twist、N-cad表达的相关性，比较不同临床病理特征Hp阳性胃癌患者miR-1290、miR-134表达差异。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线评估miR-1290、miR-134表达与Hp阳性胃癌患者生存预后的关系。结果：Hp阳性胃癌组患者癌组织miR-1290表达高于Hp阴性胃癌组癌组织及对照组胃粘膜组织，miR-134表达低于Hp阴性胃癌组癌组织及对照组胃粘膜组织，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Hp阳性胃癌组织中miR-1290表达与增殖基因PIK3CA、c-myc和侵袭基因Twist、N-cad mRNA表达呈正相关性（r=0.620～0.725，均P<0.05），miR-134与增殖基因PIK3CA、c-myc和侵袭基因Twist、N-cad mRNA表达呈显著负相关性（r=-0.670～-0.784，均P<0.05）。不同肿瘤TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移Hp阳性胃癌患者癌组织中miR-1290、miR-134表达比较，差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05) 。Hp阳性胃癌组患者中，miR-1290高表达组和低表达组5年总体生存率分别为48.78%（20/41），75.61%（31/41）。miR-1290高表达组患者累积生存率明显低于miR-1290低表达组(Log rank χ²=6.366，P= 0.012)。miR-134低表达组和高表达组患者5年总体生存率分别为42.86%（18/42），82.50%（33/40）。miR-134低表达组累积生存率显著低于miR-134高表达组(Log rank χ²=10.640，P=0.001)。结论：Hp阳性胃癌组织miR-1290表达增加，miR-134表达降低，两者可能通过促进肿瘤增殖和侵袭基因的表达，导致肿瘤恶性进展及不良预后。