Anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor-promoting effects of triterpene acids and sterols from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum

A series of lanostane-type triterpene acids, including eleven lucidenic acids (3, 4, 9, 10, 13-19) and six ganoderic acids (20-22, 24, 26, 27), as well as six sterols (28-33), all isolated from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum, were examined for their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, a known primary screening test for anti-tumor promoters. All of the compounds tested, except for ganolactone (27) and three sterols (29-31), showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction, with IC(50) values of 235-370 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA. In addition, nine lucidenic acids (1, 2, 5-8, 11, 12, 18) and four ganoderic acids (20, 23-25) were found to inhibit TPA-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice, with ID(50) values of 0.07-0.39 mg per ear. Further, 20-hydroxylucidenic acid N (18) exhibited inhibitory effects on skin-tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse-skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator, and with TPA as promoter.     

黑灵芝中三萜及其皂苷类化合物总量的光度测定

采用正交试验法优化了香草醛高氯酸法测定黑灵芝三萜及其皂苷类化合物总量的显色条件,建立了测定黑灵芝中三萜及其皂苷类化合物总量的分光光度法,检测波长为550 nm,回归方程为:A=0.0093C-0.0032(μg),R2=0.9986(n=6),齐墩果酸对照品在0～128.4μg范围内呈良好线性关系,RSD为4.09%,对样品进行加标实验,平均回收率为103.9%.用于黑灵芝中三萜及其皂苷类成分的溶剂回流提取、超声提取的测定,结果证明这种方法是可靠的,可供灵芝质量控制.     

灰褐谷蛾生物学特性及其防治研究

灰褐谷蛾是灵芝等食用菌的主要害虫之一,严重影响其产量和质量。它不仅为害生产中正在生长的食用菌,即使贮存的生产成品,亦可被蛀食为害。该害虫在安徽六安年发生2代,以幼虫越冬。幼虫有群集钻蛀性。成虫盛发期喷洒80％敌敌畏乳油800～1000倍稀释液,可杀灭成虫;幼虫发生期喷洒敌敌畏薰杀幼虫效果可达95％以上。对贮存的生产成品,采用磷化铝熏蒸和50～60℃烘干杀虫效果均好。     

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide exerts anti-tumor activity via MAPK pathways in HL-60 acute leukemia cells

In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo of a polysaccharide obtained from Ganoderma lucidum on HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia cells, and focused on its targeting effect on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. It was found by the methods such as western blot and flow cytometry (FCM), that G. lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) blocked the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/MAPK signaling pathway, simultaneously activated p38 and JNK MAPK pathways, and therefore regulated their downstream genes and proteins, including p53, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cyclin D1. As a result, cycle arrest and apoptosis of HL-60 cells were induced. Therefore, GLP exerted anti-tumor activity via MAPK pathways in HL-60 acute leukemia cells.     

Structural elucidation of the polysaccharide moiety of a glycopeptide (GLPCW-II) from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies

A water-soluble glycopeptide (GLPCW-II) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum by DEAE-Sepharose Fast-Flow and Sephacryl S-300 High Resolution Chromatography. The glycopeptide had a molecular weight of 1.2x10(4)Da (determined by HPLC), and consisted of approximately 90% carbohydrate and approximately 8% protein as determined using the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the BCA protein assay reagent kit, respectively. The polysaccharide moiety was composed mainly of D-Glc, L-Fuc, and D-Gal in the ratio of 1.00:1.09:4.09. To facilitate structure-activity studies, the structure of the GLPCW-II polysaccharide moiety was elucidated using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy including COSY, TOCSY, HMBC, HSQC, and ROESY, combined with GC-MS of methylated derivatives, and shown to consist of repeating units with the following structure: [Formula: see text].     

灵芝多糖对小鼠细胞免疫功能调节作用的实验研究

研究灵芝多糖 (GLB7)对小鼠细胞免疫功能调节作用的影响。实验小鼠分成 4组 ,分别经胃灌注不同剂量 (高、中、低 )灵芝多糖 ,每天 1次 ,连续 14d ,对照组小鼠用以等量蒸馏水代替。分别于实验第 15 ,2 8d进行小鼠细胞免疫功能调节作用的测试。灵芝多糖喂药后 2周 ,3个剂量组小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡血红细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数 ;低剂量组小鼠迟发型变态反应 (DTH)、小鼠碳廓清 ;高剂量组小鼠NK细胞活性和对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。喂药后 4周 :上述实验结果和对照组比较均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结果提示灵芝多糖能提高小鼠的非特异性和特异性细胞免疫功能。     

灵芝孢子粉氨基酸、脂肪酸及元素组成的研究

从灵芝Ganoderma lucidum 孢子粉中检出18种常见氨基酸,总量为7．29～7．71mg／100mg 其中甲硫氨酸含量高达3.30～3.48mg／100mg,人体必需氨基酸含量占总量的694～70.4％。灵芝孢子粉含有棕榈酸(19.8％)、油酸(55.2％)、亚油酸(16.5％)以及少量的肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸、廿碳烯酸及廿二碳四烯酸等。对56种元素进行定量或半定量分析,结果表明灵芝孢子粉碳氮比C/N=17.57：1,含有磷1.28％、硫0.87％、硅0.92％、钾1.64mg／g钠28μg／g、钙0.713mg/g、镁0.346mg／g、铁0.64mg／g、锌420μg／g、 铜127μg／g、锰11μg/g锶609μg／g等二十多种人体必需或有益的常量元素及微量元素。     

灵芝液体发酵条件的研究

本文研究了某些因素对灵芝液体发酵的影响。4天菌龄的液体菌种发酵效果最好;300毫升三角瓶以装入60毫升培养液发酵较合适;蔗糖、花生饼粉分别为灵芝液体发酵的理想碳、氮源;液体发酵培养基最佳配方为:蔗糖4％、花生饼粉3％、硫酸铵0.15％、磷酸二氢钾0.15％,可得灵芝菌丝体百分干重为0.83,每100毫升发酵液得粗多糖0.3克。     

灵芝多糖GLP 抑制小鼠骨肉瘤细胞S-180 在体内生长的作用机制

目的:探讨灵芝多糖成分(GLP)抑制肿瘤的作用机制。方法:在小鼠右腋皮下接种1×106TC-1细胞后7天后,用100mg/kg、200mg/kg和400mg/kg 3种剂量给小鼠口服灌胃给药20天,然后观察肿瘤的重量,并用ELISA检测小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-6和TNF-alpha,用流式细胞仪检测其外周血中CD4+和CD8+。结果:100mg/kg、200mg/kg和400mg/kg 3种剂量给小鼠口服灌胃给药20天,与对照组比较,抑瘤率分别可以达到53%、59%和58%,P<0.05;小鼠外周血血清中的IL-2从1.27ng/mL提高到了2.88ng/mL,P<0.05;TNF-α从1.05ng/mL提高到了1.82ng/mL,P<0.05;而IL-6则没有明显的变化。CD4+细胞水平升高(从54.80%提高到了58.27%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CD8+细胞明显增多(从24.15%提高到了45.36%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:GLP有明显抑瘤作用,但抑瘤作用与GLP剂量不存在依赖关系。GLP对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制是通过提高小鼠的细胞免疫能力来实现,而并非直接杀伤肿瘤细胞。     

树舌多糖CF2a溶液中构象行为的研究

根据刚果红实验,不同ＮａＣｌ浓度中分子量测定,不同ＮａＯＨ浓度,不同ｐＨ下［ａ］ｄ,ＣＤ谱及ηＳＤ／Ｃ的变化,推测ＣＦ２ａ在纯水中为三股螺旋,在稀盐溶液２中为单股螺旋,在ＤＭＳＯ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系中,体积分数φＨ２Ｏ降至０．２后三股螺旋解离为单股螺旋。在ＤＭＳＯ中单股螺旋随脲浓度增加转为无序结构,脲,酸,碱等影响氢键因素对ＣＦ２ａ水溶液之［ａ］Ｄ,ηＳＤ／Ｃ均有显著影响,表明维持ＣＦ２ａ在溶液中有序构象