TACE结合立体定向体部X-刀治疗肝癌的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)结合立体定向体部X-刀治疗肝癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取2015年12月至2017年8月在我院接受治疗的原发性肝癌患者120例,并将其随机分为X-刀组、TACE组以及联合组,每组患者各40例。X-刀组患者给予单纯X-刀治疗,TACE组给予单纯TACE治疗,联合组给予X-刀联合TACE治疗。观察并比较三组患者临床疗效、生存期、治疗前后肝功能的变化及治疗过程中毒副反应的发生情况情况。结果:联合组患者临床总有效率为47.5%,明显高于X-刀组和TACE组(P0.05);X-刀组患者临床总有效率为27.5%,显著高于TACE组(P0.05)。X-刀组、TACE组、联合组患者生存时间分别为0.73±0.18年、0.48±0.18年、1.10±0.22年,联合组患者生存时间显著长于X-刀组和TACE组(P0.05),X-刀组患者生存时间长于TACE组(P0.05)。三组患者治疗后血清血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、γ-谷胺酰转肽酶(Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,γ-GT)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil水平与本组治疗前比较均显著降低(P0.05);联合组患者治疗后血清ALT、AST水平与TACE组和X-刀组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),而血清γ-GT、TBil水平均显著低于TACE组和X-刀组(P0.05)。三组患者毒副反应情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:TACE结合立体定向体部X-刀治疗肝癌的临床疗效明显优于单用TACE或X-刀治疗,且三种治疗方法的安全性相当。     

刺激游离的弓状核不再抑制丘脑束旁核神经元的伤害性反应

以Ｈａｌａｓｚ刀游离大鼠下丘脑弓状核区,切断ＡＲＣ与其它脑区的神经而保持其与垂体的神经内分泌联系。用细胞外记录单位放电的方法观察了刺激这种游离的ＡＲＣ对丘脑束旁核神经元伤害性反应的影响。     

The accumulation of chromosome aberrations and Dlb-1 mutations in mice with highly fractionated exposure to gamma radiation

The dichotomy between the doses at which experimental measurements of genetic effects can be made and the doses to which people are exposed is often different by two or more orders of magnitude. This presents a significant problem when determining the effects of low doses of radiation or chemicals. The solution has usually involved extrapolating the data by curve-fitting or by applying theoretical considerations. Both approaches are unsatisfactory due to uncertainties of the assumptions used in each process. The alternative solution has been to increase the sample size enormously at the lower doses. This is impractical beyond a certain point due to the variation in the spontaneous frequency and the need to quadruple the sample size for a doubling of precision. The development of new methods for measuring stable genetic effects, however, permits a simple and effective approach to this problem: if the genetic events being detected have no effect on survival, i.e., are selectively neutral, then the effects of multiple independent treatments will be additive. If the independent treatments are identical, then the effect of each is easily calculated by dividing the total effect by the number of treatments. Here we report a limited test of this approach using mice. Chromosome aberrations induced in lymphocytes and Dlb-1 mutations induced in the small intestine were measured after daily doses of 0.64, 1.85 or 5.5 cGy ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays administered for 21, 42 or 63 days. The dose response curve for chromosome translocations obtained in this way, combined with the data from single larger acute doses, shows no evidence for a threshold over a 500-fold dose range. Dlb-1 mutations were increased at each dose and time but the results do not permit reliable extrapolations. The results suggest that translocations might be useful for quantifying the effect of doses below 0.05 cGy and that the effect of dose rate and dose fractionation at much lower doses than reported here could be investigated.     

Trypanosoma cruzi: effects of anti-thymocyte serum in mice and neonatal thymectomy in rats

CF₁ mice were given eight injections of normal rabbit serum (NRS), Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), or rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum (ATS) beginning 3 days prior to and at 3-day intervals subsequent to intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation with 5 × 10⁴ trypomastigotes of a Brazil strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Markedly enhanced parasitemia, increased numbers of tissue stages (amastigotes), and higher mortality occurred in ATS-treated mice as compared to NRS- or HBSS-treated controls. Administration of three injections of ATS at 3-day intervals during the latter stages of acute Chagas' disease, i.e., when numbers of parasites were declining, resulted in a transitory relapse (increase in numbers) of blood and tissue parasites. No relapse occurred in mice when ATS was administered at 3-day intervals over a period of 15 days during the subacute stage of the disease, i.e., after parasites had disappeared from the blood.Parasitemia and mortality were enhanced in neonatally thymectomized rats when compared to that observed in sham-operated and unoperated control rats following ip injection of 2 × 10⁵ trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. Serum obtained from thymectomized and control rats 5 weeks after inoculation with T. cruzi at a time when the blood of all animals had become microscopically negative for parasites were equally protective in passive transfer experiments, while serum from uninfected controls gave no protection.Gamma globulin levels significantly increased in thymectomized as well as intact rats by the third to fourth week of infection with T. cruzi, reached maximum concentrations in 5–6 wk, and remained elevated significantly at the twelfth week post infection as compared with uninfected controls. No significant changes occurred in total serum proteins or α and β fractions of any group, infected or uninfected.Total circulating leukocytes, especially lymphocytes, were diminished in mice and rats subjected to treatment with ATS or neonatal thymectomy.These data clearly indicate that neonatal thymectomy of rats and ATS treatment of mice suppress the acquired immune response to T. cruzi. Further, passive transfer experiments in rats confirm the protective role of circulating antibody in acquired immunity to Chagas' disease.     

Gm and Inv allotypes of some Sidamo Ethiopians

One hundred and forty serum samples from Ethiopians from three tribes of the Sidamo group were tested for their Gm and Inv phenotypes. The Gm antigens 1,2,3,5,6,13,14,21 were determined on all samples, and Gm(15) and Gm(16) were determined on selected samples. All samples were tested for Inv(1), and those positive for Inv(1) were tested for Inv(3). The samples fall into 18 Gm phenotypes and require seven haplotypes to explain them. The data indicate that these Ethiopians have Negroid, Caucasoid, and Bushmanoid ancestry, with the latter constituting a relatively small proportion of the ancestry and the former two contributing about equally to the remainder. The data are consistent with the conclusions of cultural anthropologists.     

Hierarchical Bayesian Estimation for the Number of Species

This paper is concerned with the estimation of the number of species in a population through a fully hierarchical Bayesian model using the Metropolis algorithm. The proposed Bayesian estimator is based on Poisson random variables with means that are distributed according to some prior distributions with unknown hyperparameters. An empirical Bayes approach is considered and compared with the fully Bayesian approach based on biological data.     

Exponentiated Exponential Family: An Alternative to Gamma and Weibull Distributions

In this article we study some properties of a new family of distributions, namely Exponentiated Exponential distribution, discussed in Gupta , Gupta , and Gupta (1998). The Exponentiated Exponential family has two parameters (scale and shape) similar to a Weibull or a gamma family. It is observed that many properties of this new family are quite similar to those of a Weibull or a gamma family, therefore this distribution can be used as a possible alternative to a Weibull or a gamma distribution. We present two real life data sets, where it is observed that in one data set exponentiated exponential distribution has a better fit compared to Weibull or gamma distribution and in the other data set Weibull has a better fit than exponentiated exponential or gamma distribution. Some numerical experiments are performed to see how the maximum likelihood estimators and their asymptotic results work for finite sample sizes.