骨骼肌细胞频响特性的数值分析

在100 Hz-100MHz频率范围内,利用非线性数值计算和曲线拟合分析,验证了蛙离体骨骼肌细胞的频率响应特性满足Cole-Cole公式(误差<3．45％),通过频域介电谱、 Cole-Cole图、介电损耗因子和介电损耗角正切频率谱的曲线拟合分析,确定了蛙骨骼肌细胞的 Cole-Cole参数:高频段相对介电常数εh=78,第一相对介电增量εt=113000,第二相对介电增量ε2=45000,第一特征频率fc1=9 KHz。第二特征频率fc2=158KHz,第一相位角β1=0．881,第二相位角β2=0．984,低频段电导率κ1=0．55mS／cm,A=35,m=1．08．     

Estimating daily intakes of manganese due to breast milk,infant formulas,or young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to sufficiency and toxicity thresholds

BackgroundAlthough manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, recent research has revealed that excess Mn in early childhood may have adverse effects on neurodevelopment.MethodsWe estimated daily total Mn intake due to breast milk at average body weights by reviewing reported concentrations of breast milk Mn and measurements of body weight and breast milk intake at 3 weeks, 4.25 months, 7 months, and 18 months. We compared these figures to the Mn content measured in 44 infant, follow-up, and toddler formulas purchased in the United States and France. We calculated Mn content of formula products made with ultra-trace elemental analysis grade water (0 μg Mn/L) and with water containing 250 μg Mn/L, a concentration which is relatively high but less than the World Health Organization Health-based value of 400 μg Mn/L or the United States Environmental Protection Agency Health Advisory of 350 μg Mn/L.ResultsEstimated mean daily Mn intake from breast milk ranged from 1.2 μg Mn/kg/day (3 weeks) to 0.16 μg Mn/kg/day (18 months), with the highest intakes at the youngest age stage we considered, 3 weeks. Estimated daily Mn intake from formula products reconstituted with 0 μg Mn/L water ranged from 130 μg Mn/kg/day (3 weeks) to 4.8 μg Mn/kg/day (18 months) with the highest intakes at 3 weeks. Formula products provided 28–520 times greater than the mean daily intake of Mn from breast milk for the 4 age stages that we considered. Estimated daily Mn intake from formula products reconstituted with water containing 250 μg Mn/L ranged from 12 μg Mn/kg/day to 170 μg Mn/kg/day, which exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency Reference Dose of 140 μg Mn/kg/day for adults.ConclusionsMn deficiency is highly unlikely with exclusive breast milk or infant formula feeding, but established tolerable daily intake levels for Mn may be surpassed by some of these products when following labeled instructions.     

前列解毒活血汤对Ⅲ型前列腺炎患者前列腺液中细胞因子水平的影响*

目的: 探讨前列解毒活血汤对Ⅲ型前列腺炎患者前列腺液(EPS)中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)及白介素-8(IL-8)的影响。方法: 将60例病患随机分成两组,即治疗组30例病患,对照组30例病患。治疗组患者每日早、晚饭后30 min温服150 ml前列解毒活血汤,对照组患者睡前30 min服用0.2 mg盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊(哈乐),每日一次;另外选择30例健康男性作为空白组,不予任何处理。治疗周期为4周。治疗组、对照组患者干预前、后均要取EPS;空白组受试者只在临床干预实验进行前取一次EPS。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定EPS中TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8含量或水平。结果: 实验开始前,治疗组、对照组患者观察值比较无差异,但与空白组比,数值显著升高(P＜0.01)。经有效干预后,治疗组、对照组患者的观察值均下降,治疗组下降趋势优于对照组(P＜0.01)。结论: 前列解毒活血汤能有效降低Ⅲ型前列腺炎患者EPS中TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8水平。     

Generalized reliability based on distances

The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a classical index of measurement reliability. With the advent of new and complex types of data for which the ICC is not defined, there is a need for new ways to assess reliability. To meet this need, we propose a new distance‐based ICC (dbICC), defined in terms of arbitrary distances among observations. We introduce a bias correction to improve the coverage of bootstrap confidence intervals for the dbICC, and demonstrate its efficacy via simulation. We illustrate the proposed method by analyzing the test‐retest reliability of brain connectivity matrices derived from a set of repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The Spearman‐Brown formula, which shows how more intensive measurement increases reliability, is extended to encompass the dbICC.     

Hand‐Rearing Wild Caribou Calves for Studies of Nutritional Ecology

Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) are considered difficult to hand‐rear in captivity because they are sensitive to the composition and volume of formulated milks. We used a strict feeding schedule and a commercial milk formula designed specifically for caribou to bottle‐feed neonates captured from five wild caribou herds in Alaska. Under a feeding protocol adjusted for age and mass, the growth rates and body mass of 26 hand‐reared caribou calves to weaning were similar to those of three maternally nursed caribou. This protocol allows caretakers to hand‐rear caribou that are as representative as possible of maternally raised neonates. Zoo Biol. 32:163–171, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Evaluation of two milk replacers fed to hand‐reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus): nutrient composition,apparent total tract digestibility,and comparison to maternal cheetah milk

Commercially prepared milk replacers are frequently used to provide the sole source of nutrition for hand‐reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus). The nutrient composition of two commonly used milk replacers was determined. Using titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker, nutrient digestibility was calculated from the analyses of fecal samples collected from each cub (n = 4 on formula 1, and n = 2 on formula 2). Mean apparent total tract digestibility for both formulas was >90% for all nutrients analyzed (crude protein, amino acids, crude fat (CF), and dry matter). However, the total CF content and the concentration of the essential fatty acids, such as α‐linolenic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid, of both formulas was lower than reported for maternal cheetah milk. Additionally, one formula contained a comparatively high amount of carbohydrate, at the expense of protein. Although data were lacking for cheetah maternal milk, comparison with domestic cat milk revealed high concentrations of a number of minerals (K, Fe, Zn, and Cu), while vitamin D₃ was not detected in one formula. Both formulas were low in the majority of essential amino acids compared with domestic cat maternal milk. Despite their apparently high digestibility, neither formula was complete or balanced in terms of nutrient concentrations and ratios when maternal cheetah milk and/or the requirements established for growth in domestic cats were used as estimates of ideal. On this basis, although all cubs in this study were healthy and maintained good body conditions for the duration of the trial, the results of dietary analyses indicate that these milk replacers may not provide optimal nutrition for growth in cheetah cubs when used for extended periods. Zoo Biol 30:412–426, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Consumption of green tea or green tea products: Is there an evidence for antioxidant effects from controlled interventional studies?

Purpose

Epidemiological data suggest that green tea (GT) consumption may protect against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and different types of cancer. This effect is attributed primarily to the antioxidant properties of flavanols from GT. This review provides an overview of controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of GT consumption on antioxidant effects ex vivo and in vivo.

Methods

The Medline and Cochrane databases were searched independently by two investigators for controlled intervention studies (English) on GT consumption and antioxidant effects published up to June 2010. Thirty-one studies investigating antioxidant effects ex vivo [plasma antioxidant capacity (AC), DNA's resistance against oxidative induced damage) or in vivo (lipid and protein oxidation, DNA damage] met the criteria. Results were compared by considering the participants, the dose of GT, the amount of ingested flavanols, the duration of supplementation and the investigated biomarkers.

Results

The comparison between the studies was difficult as relevant data, e.g., on flavanol concentration in plasma (10 of 31 studies) or on major antioxidants contributing to AC, were often missing. Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were commonly investigated. Data on protein oxidation are scarce. An antioxidant effect of at least one parameter (increase in AC or reduction of oxidative stress marker) was observed in 15 out of 22 studies by daily consumption of GT, primarily in participants exposed to oxidative stress (smokers or mixed collectives of smokers and non-smokers and physical activity) and in 6 out of 9 studies investigating the bolus consumption of GT.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence that regular consumption of GT in amounts of at least 0.6-1.5 l/day may increase AC and reduce lipid peroxidation (especially oxidation of LDL). This may contribute to the protection against CVDs and different types of cancer. Beneficial effects seem to be more likely in participants exposed to oxidative challenge.     

扶正解毒方联合吉西他滨和顺铂对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者T细胞亚群和血清肿瘤标志物的影响

目的:探讨扶正解毒方联合吉西他滨和顺铂对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者T细胞亚群和血清肿瘤标志物的影响。方法:选取2017年3月2018年12月期间我院接受的晚期NSCLC患者80例,根据随机数字法将患者分为对照组(n=40,给予吉西他滨和顺铂治疗)和研究组(n=40,给予扶正解毒方联合吉西他滨和顺铂治疗)。比较两组患者疗效、T细胞亚群和血清肿瘤标志物,记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组治疗4个周期后的临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗4个周期后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均较治疗前下降,但研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗4个周期后CD8⁺较治疗前升高,但研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗4个周期后癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)及糖类抗原199(CA199)水平均较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:扶正解毒方联合吉西他滨和顺铂治疗晚期NSCLC患者,疗效较好,可有效阻止疾病进展,减轻免疫抑制,且用药安全性佳,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

活血解毒、益气养阴法治疗狼疮性血管炎临床及免疫研究

目的：观察活血解毒、益气养阴法对狼疮性血管炎临床疗效及免疫功能的影响。方法：选择系统性红斑狼疮患者60例,其中活动期伴血管炎40例,非活动期20例,同时选择20例健康人作为对照组,检测可溶性血栓调节素（sTM）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的水平、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）的阳性率;并将40例活动期伴血管炎患者随机分为中西医结合治疗组（狼疮饮＋常规西药）和对照组（常规西药）,治疗6个月后观察临床疗效,并检测治疗前和治疗后第1,6个月sTM、VEGF、ANCA水平和阳性率变化。结果：中西医结合治疗组疗效优于对照组,治疗组治疗后sTM、VEGF、ANCA水平和阳性率下降优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗可提高狼疮性血管炎的疗效,改善免疫功能。