芦荟胡萝卜汁复合饮料的研制

以芦荟和胡萝卜为原料,通过正交实验确定了复合饮料的最佳配方,研制出一种口味独特又具有保健功能的复合饮料.     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

昆虫区系多元相似性分析方法

由植物学领域首先提出的相似性概念已广泛应用于动植物区系地理研究以及生物学、生态学等诸多自然学科乃至社会科学领域.根据Jacard提出的二元相似性系数公式SI=C/(A B-C)和Sprensen提出的二元相似性系数公式SI=2C/(A B),分别推导出2个计算多元相似性系数的数学表达式,SIJab…n=[(∑Hij)2/n (∑Hijk)3/n … Hab…n]/[∑Si-∑Hij-2∑Hijk-…-(n-1)Hab…n]和 SISab…n=[2(∑Hij)2/n (3∑Hijk)3/n … nHab…n]/ ∑Si,并用中国夜蛾广布种类在中国7个动物地理区的分布资料为例进行验证,从而可以直接从整体角度和宏观规模上简便、快捷地考量多个系统间的亲疏程度和相似关系.建议在以相似性为基础的聚类分析中,不必再先把2个系统合并成一个新系统后,再和第3个系统比较,而可直接计算多个系统的相似性系数,以避免由于合并带来的信息损失.还讨论了应该提高Sprensen公式0.5的显著性标准,以使同一组数据的两种计算结果趋向一致.     

消痰化瘀利窍方对慢性间歇性低氧大鼠肠系膜动脉损伤的改善作用

目的:观察消痰化瘀利窍方对慢性间歇性低氧(CIH)大鼠肠系膜动脉功能损伤的作用,并探讨其可能机制。方法:48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=12),常氧对照组(Normoxia)、慢性间歇性低氧组(CIH)、慢性间歇性低氧中药干预组(Formula+CIH)、中药对照组(Formula)。CIH与Formula+CIH组置于间歇性低氧装置,通过充入氮气、氧气使O2含量在9%至21%间循环,每循环3min;Normoxia和Formula组则充入空气。其中,Formula+CIH与Formula组于每日造模前中药水煎液灌胃(24g/kg),而CIH组与Normoxia组给予等量生理盐水。造模结束后,应用HE染色观察各组大鼠肠系膜动脉的组织病理学改变,通过微血管环技术观察ACh、L-Arg诱导的肠系膜动脉舒张反应,通过ELISA技术检测大鼠造模前及造模21d血清一氧化氮(NO)的含量并应用Westernblot技术测定肠系膜动脉eNOS和p-eNOS的蛋白水平。结果:与Normoxia组相比,CIH组大鼠肠系膜动脉内皮明显损伤、中膜增厚,ACh、L-Arg诱导的肠系膜动脉舒张反应明显减弱,血清中NO水平及肠系膜动脉p-eNOS/eNOS比值显著降低。消痰化瘀利窍方干预能够减轻大鼠肠系膜动脉的内膜与中膜病理损伤,改善肠系膜动脉舒张功能,提高血清NO含量及肠系膜动脉eNOS磷酸化水平。而单纯给予消痰化瘀利窍方大鼠与Normoxia组相比各指标均未发现显著变化。结论:消痰化瘀利窍方可以减轻慢性间歇性低氧引起的大鼠肠系膜动脉功能损伤,其机制与提高NO的生物利用度有关。     

益肾活血解毒汤治疗肾虚血瘀型颈动脉粥样硬化患者的疗效观察

摘要 目的：观察益肾活血解毒汤治疗肾虚血瘀型颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）效果。方法：选取我院2021年8月~2023年4月收治的肾虚血瘀型CAS患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。两组均予以常规西医治疗,观察组加服益肾活血解毒汤,治疗周期为四周。观察两组的临床疗效、血脂等指标变化,并进行统计学比较。结果：两组治疗前中医证候积分无差异（P＞0.05）,而治疗后,观察组中医证候积分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组总有效率（97.50%）虽在数值上高于对照组（92.50%）,但并无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;相较于治疗前,两组治疗后血脂指标（CHOL、TG、LDL-C）和炎性因子（NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18）水平显著下降（P<0.05）,而观察组下降幅度更大,与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）;服药期间,两组均无明显不良反应发生。结论：常规调脂抗动脉粥样硬化联合益肾活血解毒汤治疗肾虚血瘀型CAS疗效肯定,可有效改善临床症状,调节血脂水平,控制炎症反应,且安全性良好。     

解毒化瘀汤联合刺络放血疗法对血瘀热结证寻常型银屑病患者血清炎性因子及CREB信号传导通路相关蛋白表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨解毒化瘀汤联合刺络放血疗法对血瘀热结证寻常型银屑病患者血清炎性因子及cAMP反应元件结合蛋白（CREB）信号传导通路相关蛋白表达的影响。方法：选取2018年5月到2020年5月武警成都支队卫生队和武警四川总队医院收治的寻常型银屑病患者共80例,随机分成对照组（维A酸哈西奈德乳膏治疗）与观察组（解毒化瘀汤联合刺络放血疗法治疗）,各40例。两组均以4周为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。对比两组疗效、中医证候积分、血清炎性因子及CREB信号传导通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果： 观察组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后中医证候主证、次证总评分和血清白介素-17（IL-17）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平以及CREB微小核糖核酸（mRNA）、PKA mRNA、P38 mRNA相对表达量均较治疗前下降,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论：解毒化瘀汤联合刺络放血疗法治疗血瘀热结证寻常型银屑病患者,疗效显著,可有效改善临床症状,减轻机体炎性反应,其主要作用机制可能与调节CREB信号传导通路相关蛋白表达有关。     

The viscosity increment for ellipsoids of revolution. Some observations on the Simha formula

Outstanding uncertainties in the widely employed Simha (J. Phys. Chem. 44 (1940) 25) function for the viscosity increment r of macromolecules as modelled by axially symmetric ellipsoids are resolved. A simple development of the analysis also reveals an interesting relationship between nu and the translational frictional property of macromolecules.     

Selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in cow’s milk

Samples of raw or pasteurized cow’s milk and infant formula were assayed for glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, selenium (Se), and total protein. GSH-Px activity was detected in raw milk, but not in market-pasteurized milk or infant formula. The correlation between GSH-Px activity and Se levels was significant, even when the influence of protein level was removed. This result implies a role of GSH-Px as one of biologically active forms of Se in raw milk. Absence of GSH-Px activity in pasteurized milk and infant formula result from the heating process in these productions, because the heating of raw milk gave an irreversible inactivation of GSH-Px. Both GSH-Px activity and Se levels had significant correlation with protein level, but not so when the respective influences of Se and GSH-Px levels were removed. In raw cow’s milk, Se content was 23 ng/mL and GSH-Px activity was 20 U/mL. About 12% of Se was bound to GSH-Px, and 0.003% of protein was GSH-Px. Raw milk obtained in July contained higher levels of Se, GSH-Px, and protein than that in November. Data for cow’s milk were discussed in relation to those for human milk and those in New Zealand.     

Survival and growth of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant rice cereal reconstituted with water, milk, liquid infant formula, or apple juice

AIMS: To determine survival and growth characteristics of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant rice cereal as affected by type of liquid used for reconstitution and storage temperature after reconstitution. METHODS AND RESULTS: A commercially manufactured dry infant rice cereal was reconstituted with water, apple juice, milk, or liquid infant formula, inoculated with a 10-strain mixture of E. sakazakii at populations of 0.27, 0.93, and 9.3 CFU ml(-1), and incubated at 4, 12, 21 or 30 degrees C for up to 72 h. Growth did not occur in cereal reconstituted with apple juice, regardless of storage temperature, or in cereal reconstituted with water, milk, or formula and stored at 4 degrees C. The lag time for growth in cereal reconstituted with water, milk, or formula was decreased as the incubation temperature (12, 21 and 30 degrees C) was increased. Upon reaching maximum populations of 7-8 log10 CFU ml(-1), in some instances populations decreased to nondetectable levels during subsequent storage which was concurrent with decreases in pH. CONCLUSIONS: Enterobacter sakazakii initially at very low populations can rapidly grow in infant rice cereal reconstituted with water, milk, or infant formula. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Reconstituted infant rice cereal can support luxuriant growth of E. sakazakii. Reconstituted cereal that is not immediately consumed should be discarded or stored at a temperature at which E. sakazakii and other food-borne pathogens cannot grow.     

A sample size formula for the supremum log-rank statistic

An advantage of the supremum log-rank over the standard log-rank statistic is an increased sensitivity to a wider variety of stochastic ordering alternatives. In this article, we develop a formula for sample size computation for studies utilizing the supremum log-rank statistic. The idea is to base power on the proportional hazards alternative, so that the supremum log rank will have the same power as the standard log rank in the setting where the standard log rank is optimal. This results in a slight increase in sample size over that required for the standard log rank. For example, a 5.733% increase occurs for a two-sided test having type I error 0.05 and power 0.80. This slight increase in sample size is offset by the significant gains in power the supremum log-rank test achieves for a wide range of nonproportional hazards alternatives. A small simulation study is used for illustration. These results should facilitate the wider use of the supremum log-rank statistic in clinical trials.