Complementarity of genes for resistance to greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)], biotype E,in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

Summary Gene complementarity among various sources of resistance to greenbug biotype E was assessed. Analysis of the F₂ generation of crosses between susceptible and resistant parents (mating 1) and among sources of resistance (mating 2) suggested that resistance in sorghum to greenbug biotype E was complexly inherited and, to some extent, dependent on the nature of both the resistant and susceptible parents. Positive transgressive segregation in the F₂ generations of both matings was found to be due to effective plus factors, contributed by both parents in a cross, which complemented each other. The number of plus factors ranged from one to two in the susceptible parents and from two to five in the resistant parents of mating 1, and from one to five in the parents of mating 2. The consistently significant reciprocal effects shown by Sarvasi and PI264453 indicated that these sources had major factors for resistance in their cytoplasms, which were expressed in all their crosses. The results from this study indicated that the sources of resistance complemented each other to give increased number of F₂ segregates with increased resistance. Thus, it should be possible to increase and diversify resistance of sorghum to greenbug biotype E by accumulating different, effective plus factors from various sources through recurrent selection.Contribution No. 90-106-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA     

关于植物核型分析的标准化问题

近年,我国的植物染色体研究工作,进展较快,并取得了显著的成绩。但在研究工作中仍存在一个迫切需要解决的问题,即核型分析的标准化问题。由于国际上尚无植物核型分析的共同标准,因此,有关染色体的统计、测量、命名、图表格式等等,各人所采用的方法和标准也不尽相同。这种状况,对核型资料的比较分析以及对研究结果的评价,都带来不便。有鉴于此,1984年8月在辽宁兴城召开的第一届全国植物染色体学术讨论会上,李懋学和陈瑞阳联名作了“关于植物核型分析的标准化问题”的报告,经过     

Finding the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) in a Bayesian taxonomic key is NP-hard

As an alternative to dichotomous keys, tabular keys are used for taxonomic identification. With the use of computers, keys based on the Bayes formula can also be made available more widely. For the development of a key, the maximum a posterior probability (MAP) for a taxon is important because it allows to evaluate the quality of a key. If it is low, the taxon is hard to distinguish from other taxa. In this paper, we show that finding MAP in a Bayesian key is NP-hard. Estimates for MAP or other measures have to be used for the estimation of the quality of a Bayesian key.     

玉肤解毒膏治疗结直肠癌患者卡培他滨化疗所致手足综合征的疗效观察

摘要 目的：观察玉肤解毒膏治疗结直肠癌患者卡培他滨化疗所致手足综合征的临床疗效,为临床提供合理治疗方案。方法：选择2021年月-2022年5月湖南省肿瘤医院门诊或住院部确诊为结直肠癌行含卡培他滨方案化疗所致手足综合征患者60例。所有患者采用抛掷硬币法分为玉肤解毒膏组和尿素软膏组,各30例。玉肤解毒膏组采用玉肤解毒膏治疗;尿素软膏组采用尿素软膏治疗,2组均连续治疗21 d。观察2组手足综合征分级改善情况、临床疗效、中医证候积分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、手足皮肤反应生活质量量（HF-QoL）评分及焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分。结果：玉肤解毒膏组在降低手足综合征分级及提高治疗总有效率上均优于尿素软膏组（P＜0.05）;治疗后2组中医证候积分、VAS评分、HF-QoL评分及SAS评分较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,且玉肤解毒膏组均低于尿素软膏组（P＜0.05）。结论：玉肤解毒膏治疗结直肠癌患者卡培他滨化疗所致手足综合征的临床疗效确切,可有效降低患者临床分级,降低中医证候积分、缓解疼痛症状,改善患者生活质量及焦虑状况,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Distribution of various nickel compounds in rat organs after oral administration

In this study, eight kinds of nickel (Ni) compounds were orally administered to Wistar male rats and the distribution of each compound was investigated 24 h after the administration. The Ni compounds used in this experiment were nickel metal [Ni−M], nickel oxide (green) [NiO(G)], nickel oxide (black) [NiO(B)], nickel subsulfide [Ni₃S₂], nickel sulfide [NiS], nickel sulfate [NiSO₄], nickel chloride [NiCl₂], and nickel nitrate [Ni(NO₃)₂]. The solubilities of the nickel compounds in saline solution were in the following order; [Ni(NO₃)₂>NiCl₂>NiSO₄]≫[NiS>Ni₃S₂]>[NiO(B)>Ni−M>NiO(G)]. The Ni level in the visceral organs was higher in the rats given soluble Ni compounds; Ni(NO₃)₂, NiCl₂, NiSO₄, than that in the rats receiving other compounds. In the rats to which soluble Ni compounds were administered, 80–90% of the recovered Ni amounts in the examined organs was detected in the kidneys. On the other hand, the Ni concentration in organs administered scarcely soluble Ni compounds; NiO(B), NiO(G), and Ni−M were very low. The estimated absorbed fraction of each Ni compounds was increased with the increase of the solubility. These results suggest that the kinetic behavior of Ni compounds administered orally is closely related with the solubility of Ni compounds, and that the solubility of Ni compounds is one of the important factors for determining the health effect of Ni compounds.     

解毒颗粒联合阿帕替尼治疗中晚期肝癌的回顾性研究

目的:评估解毒颗粒联合阿帕替尼治疗中晚期肝癌患者的疗效及其不良反应。方法:对2018年12月至2019年6月收治于海军军医大学第一附属医院口服解毒颗粒联合阿帕替尼的27例肝癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。无法切除或复发的中晚期肝癌患者被纳入研究,给予解毒颗粒联合阿帕替尼治疗直至疾病进展或不可耐受其毒副反应,随访观察治疗效果、生存期、炎症因子指标及不良反应。结果:治疗后完全缓解(CR)4例(14.81%),部分缓解(PR)4例(14.81%),稳定(SD)8例(29.63%),进展(PD)11名患者(40.74%),疾病控制率(DCR)为59.26%(16/27),客观缓解率(ORR)为29.63%(8/27)。中位无进展生存期(PFS)为3.630个月,中位总生存期(OS)为13.667个月。常见的不良反应是高血压59.26%(16/27)、蛋白尿59.26%(16/27)、腹泻74.07%(20/27)以及手足综合征62.96%(17/27)。治疗后炎症因子指标中C反应蛋白、白介素2水平下降,存在统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:解毒颗粒联合阿帕替尼治疗中晚期肝癌安全、有效,可降低患者炎症反应,不良反应可耐受。     

基于整树称重法的Granier经验公式对毛白杨树干液流测定的适用性

为了评估Granier经验公式在树干液流测定中的适用性,以毛白杨为对象,利用热扩散式探针法(TDP)测定树木的液流速率,以整树称重法进行同步测定,对比分析Granier经验公式在毛白杨树干液流测定中是否存在误差,并对整树称重法测定的蒸腾速率与热扩散法测定的温差系数K进行幂指数回归拟合,建立校正的Granier公式。结果表明:与整树称重法测定的蒸腾速率相比,通过Granier经验公式计算的液流速率低估了67.7%;建立了毛白杨的Granier校正公式F_d=0.0135K^0.6952(R²=0.77),校正后Granier公式的计算结果与整树称重法测定的蒸腾速率相比仅降低了3.4%,具有较好的一致性。因此,采用Granier经验公式计算毛白杨树干液流速率需进行校正。     

Modelling the effect of birth and feeding modes on the development of human gut microbiota

The human gut microbiota is transmitted from mother to infant through vaginal birth and breastfeeding. Bifidobacterium, a genus that dominates the infants’ gut, is adapted to breast milk in its ability to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides; it is regarded as a mutualist owing to its involvement in the development of the immune system. The composition of microbiota, including the abundance of Bifidobacteria, is highly variable between individuals and some microbial profiles are associated with diseases. However, whether and how birth and feeding practices contribute to such variation remains unclear. To understand how early events affect the establishment of microbiota, we develop a mathematical model of two types of Bifidobacteria and a generic compartment of commensal competitors. We show how early events affect competition between mutualists and commensals and microbe-host-immune interactions to cause long-term alterations in gut microbial profiles. Bifidobacteria associated with breast milk can trigger immune responses with lasting effects on the microbial community structure. Our model shows that, in response to a change in birth environment, competition alone can produce two distinct microbial profiles post-weaning. Adding immune regulation to our competition model allows for variations in microbial profiles in response to different feeding practices. This analysis highlights the importance of microbe–microbe and microbe–host interactions in shaping the gut populations following different birth and feeding modes.