美洲鲽抗冻蛋白基因的克隆及在E.coli中的表达

本文报告了美洲鲽抗冻蛋白基因的克隆及在E.coli中表达的研究,以质粒P~(CT5)作为抗冻蛋白基因的供体,p~(ORF-2)作为表达载体。用HpaⅡ酶从质粒p~(CT5)上切下抗冻蛋白基因片段,再经Bal 31酶,绿豆核酸酶处理,连接上BglⅡ接头,然后插入到p~(ORF-2)的BglⅡ位点上,借助于p~(ORF-2)上的β-半乳糖苷酶基因的活性,使含正确插入抗冻蛋白基因的克隆呈现出蓝色菌落,共获得4000多个转化子,其中有201个蓝色克隆。对于50个蓝色克隆提取质粒DNA,电泳后发现均大于p~(ORF-2)。用BglⅡ消化后,可以发现有300—1500bpDNA片段,同时确定了抗冻蛋白基因在p~(ORF-2)中的插入方向,对于正确插入的克隆作出部分限制性内切酶图谱,测定出插入的抗冻蛋白基因片段的DNA序列,然后将重组质粒从E.coli MH1000菌株转化到E.coliTK1046中,研究分析表达产物,SDS—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果证明插入的抗冻蛋白的基因已表达,有明显的融合蛋白带,分子量大于β-半乳糖苷酶、是由大肠杆菌的外膜蛋白F,抗冻蛋白和β-半乳糖苷酶组成。融合蛋白含量占总蛋白的20％左右。     

粉拟青霉异核性研究

本文通过细胞核染色和遗传分析的方法证明了粉拟青霉的异核性。在遗传分析中采用酶解菌丝细胞壁及原生质体再生的方法,得到了组分同核体;同核体又配接重新形成了与原菌株性状相似的异核体。细胞核染色显示粉拟青霉分生孢子为单细胞多核,结合其它现象,证明了在其生活史中异核性是稳定的。表明该菌田间分离株是永久性异核体。这一现象与已报道的分生孢子为单核的虫生真菌异核现象不同,了解这一现象及其实质对认识该菌生理、菌种改良以及提高野外防治害虫的效果有重要意义。     

Lipid-polyethylene glycol interactions: I. Induction of fusion between liposomes

Summary Fusion between unilamellar vesicles of both egg phosphatidylcholine and bovine phosphatidylserine was induced by polyethylene glycol. Aggregation and fusion events were monitored by electron microscopy and turbidity measurements. The threshold concentration of polyethylene glycol for aggregation and fusion is found to be independent of lipid concentration. Typically, aggregation of phosphatidylcholine vesicles starts at 2.5% (wt/wt) polyethylene glycol, but fusion is not significant until the polyethylene glycol concentration reaches 35%. Multilamellar vesicles were formed as a result of fusion.Abbreviations PEG Polyethylene glycol - IMP Intramembranous particle - PC Phosphatidylcholine - PS Phosphatidylserine - SUV Small unilamellar vesicles - MLV Multilamellar vesicles - DPPC Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine - DSC Differential scanning calorimetry     

Early molecular events in the interaction of enveloped viruses with cells

The fluorescence depolarization of 1,6-diphenyl-hexatriene was used to study the dynamic properties of the hydrophobic regions of the lipid envelopes of ortho- and paramyxoviruses as well as of the Rous sarcoma virus and of the membrane lipids of susceptible and nonsusceptible cells.The systems investigated where active and inactive influenza viruses, and NDV virus acting on chick embryo fibroblasts and Rous sarcoma virus acting on susceptible (C/E) and nonsusceptible (C/B) chicken-cell.Polarization degrees and mean rotational correlation times of DPH embedded in viral lipids were significantly higher than those of DPH in the cell membranes, due to a higher rigidity of the virus envelopes. When suspensions of labelled viruses and unlabelled cells or unlabelled viruses and labelled cells were mixed, a characteristic change of the fluorescence polarization degrees with time was observed. This behaviour was ascribed to a label transfer from virus to cell membranes or vice versa.While the rate constants of label transfer from virus to cells and cells to virus were about the same for the penetrating viruses the rate constants of label release from inactive virus to cells were much larger than for the migration in the opposite direction.     

融合表达氨基转移酶DsaD和异构酶DsaE合成L-别异亮氨酸

【背景】L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine,L-Ile)和L-别异亮氨酸(L-allo-isoleucine,L-allo-Ile)是自然界中广泛存在的一对同分异构体。抗感染抗生素Desotamides结构中含L-别异亮氨酸结构单元,其生物合成途径中的氨基转移酶DsaD和异构酶DsaE可以协作催化L-异亮氨酸和L-别异亮氨酸相互转化。【目的】通过理性设计,使氨基转移酶DsaD和异构酶DsaE融合表达,研究融合蛋白DsaDE催化异亮氨酸和别异亮氨酸相互转化的功能。【方法】利用PCR分别扩增dsaE基因编码区DNA片段、以及含dsaD基因编码区和114个碱基接头序列的DNA片段dsaD-linker,利用酶切位点KpnI将dsaE和dsaD-linker相连,形成das DE重组序列,并克隆至pET28a(+)中,将重组质粒pET28a-dsaDE转化至Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中进行融合表达,利用Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化融合蛋白DsaDE;分别以L-异亮氨酸和L-别异亮氨酸为底物进行融合蛋白的体外酶活性检测,利用高效液相色谱对酶反应产物进行分析。【结果】PCR验证、酶切验证以及测序结果证明pET28a-dsaDE重组载体具有正确序列;N-末端和C-末端融合6个组氨酸标签的融合蛋白DsaDE在E. coli BL21(DE3)中获得可溶性表达,经Ni-NTA亲和层析法一步纯化获得纯度约95%的融合蛋白,纯化的融合蛋白DsaDE具有较好的活性,能够催化L-isoleucine和L-allo-isoleucine间的相互转化。【结论】氨基转移酶DsaD和异构酶DsaE成功融合表达,经一步Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化即可获得纯度较高的融合蛋白,融合蛋白同时具有氨基转移酶和异构酶的活性,为进一步研究L-别异亮氨酸的工业化生产奠定了基础。     

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Important Roles of the Acetylation of ER-Resident Molecular Chaperones for Conidiation in Fusarium oxysporum

Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most abundant and diverse fungal species found in soils and includes nonpathogenic, endophytic, and pathogenic strains affecting a broad range of plant and animal hosts. Conidiation is the major mode of reproduction in many filamentous fungi, but the regulation of this process is largely unknown. Lysine acetylation (Kac) is an evolutionarily conserved and widespread posttranslational modification implicated in regulation of multiple metabolic processes. A total of 62 upregulated and 49 downregulated Kac proteins were identified in sporulating mycelia versus nonsporulating mycelia of F. oxysporum. Diverse cellular proteins, including glycolytic enzymes, ribosomal proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum–resident molecular chaperones, were differentially acetylated in the sporulation process. Altered Kac levels of three endoplasmic reticulum–resident molecular chaperones, PDI^K70, HSP70^K604, and HSP40^K32 were identified that with important roles in F. oxysporum conidiation. Specifically, K70 acetylation (K70ac) was found to be crucial for maintaining stability and activity of protein disulphide isomerase and the K604ac of HSP70 and K32ac of HSP40 suppressed the detoxification ability of these heat shock proteins, resulting in higher levels of protein aggregation. During conidial formation, an increased level of PDI^K70ac and decreased levels of HSP70^K604ac and HSP40^K32ac contributed to the proper processing of unfolded proteins and eliminated protein aggregation, which is beneficial for dramatic cell biological remodeling during conidiation in F. oxysporum.     

Cryo-EM structure of glycoprotein C from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a causative agent of serious hemorrhagic diseases in humans with high mortality rates. CCHFV glycoprotein Gc plays critical roles in mediating virus-host membrane fusion and has been studied extensively as an immunogen. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in membrane fusion and Gc-specific antibody-antigen interactions remain unresolved largely because structural information of this glycoprotein is missing. We designed a trimeric protein including most of the ectodomain region of Gc from the prototype CCHFV strain, IbAr10200, which enabled the cryo-electron microscopy structure to be solved at a resolution of 2.8 ?. The structure confirms that CCHFV Gc is a class II fusion protein. Unexpectedly, structural comparisons with other solved Gc trimers in the postfusion conformation revealed that CCHFV Gc adopted hybrid architectural features of the fusion loops from hantaviruses and domain III from phenuiviruses, suggesting a complex evolutionary pathway among these bunyaviruses. Antigenic sites on CCHFV Gc that protective neutralizing antibodies target were mapped onto the CCHFV Gc structure, providing valuable information that improved our understanding of potential neutralization mechanisms of various antibodies.     

可溶性HLA-A*0203-BSP原核表达载体的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

目的：构建HLA-A*0203重链胞外域羧基端融合生物素化酶BirA底物肽(BSP)的融合蛋白（HLA-A*0203-BSP）的原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中进行表达。方法：以RT-PCR方法从HLA-A2+ 供者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中克隆HLA-A*0203重链基因的cDNA并测序鉴定,然后以PCR方法构建HLA-A*0203-BSP的原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中诱导表达并以免疫印迹鉴定。结果：DNA测序显示,从3名HLA-A2+ 供者PBMC中克隆的cDNA中,只有从供者2获得编码HLA-A*0203重链基因的cDNA。将编码重链胞外域1-276的序列和编码BSP的序列融合,构建HLA-A*0203-BSP融合蛋白的原核表达载体并经测序验证。该融合蛋白在BL21(ED3)中获得高效表达,约占菌体总蛋白的30％;产物相对分子质量约为34 kD,与理论大小一致。Western印迹分析显示融合蛋白完全存在于包涵体中。结论：成功克隆HLA-A*0203重链基因的cDNA,构建HLA-A*0203-BSP融合蛋白的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,为制备HLA-A*0203四聚体打下基础。     

Tat-MANF融合蛋白的制备及生物活性研究

目的：构建用于表达具有Tat序列的新型神经营养因子MANF（mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor）融合蛋白（Tat-MANF）的重组质粒;利用原核细胞表达系统表达该重组蛋白,并检测其生物学活性。方法：以MANF cDNA为模板,利用PCR技术在上下游分别添加TAT序列和His标签及合适的限制性酶切位点,构建TAT-MANF融合基因。插入表达载体Pet22b⁺后,转化大肠杆菌BL21进行表达和纯化,用SDS-PAGE及Western印迹鉴定表达的重组蛋白。为了验证Tat-MANF的生物学活性,用30μmol/L浓度的6-羟多巴胺（6-OHDA）对神经母胶质瘤细胞（SH-SY5Y）进行毒性诱导,同时加入2μg/ml的TAT-MANF及对照MANF蛋白,24h后用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率。用脑微血管内皮细胞（B-endo3）体外模拟血脑屏障,与FITC标记的Tat-MANF共孵育4h,荧光显微镜下观察。结果：成功构建TAT-MANF融合基因,表达产物与目的蛋白大小相符,能与MANF抗体发生结合反应。重组蛋白可减少由6-OHDA导致的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,Tat-MANF-FITC与B-end3细胞共孵育4h后,可见细胞内明显荧光。结论：获得的重组蛋白Tat-MANF具有神经细胞保护作用及跨膜功能,为进一步开展帕金森症的体内治疗研究奠定了物质基础。     

猪链球菌2型FBPS的纤连蛋白结合部位的初步确定

根据猪链球菌2型江苏分离株HA9801的fbps基因序列,设计合成不同的引物,用含全长fbps的pMD-T-FBPS质粒为模板,通过PCR技术,扩增不同片段fbps,并按正确的阅读框架定向克隆到表达载体pET-32a( ),构建分别表达全长7~82、7~165和87~320氨基酸FBPS的重组表达质粒pFBPS、pFBPS(7~82)、pFBPS(7~165)和pFBPS(87~320);将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE)株,经IPTG诱导,表达rFBPS(7~82)、rFBPS(7~165)、rFBPS(87~320)和rFBPS(全长),分子量分别为29、34、42及83kD的融合蛋白。配基亲和Western blot试验表明,表达的融合蛋白除rFBPS(7~82)外,均可与人纤连蛋白(Fn)结合,由此可以推断SS2的纤连蛋白/血纤蛋白原结合蛋白(FBPS)N端87~165氨基酸区域为具有结合活性的线性部位。