荷叶铁线蕨自然居群的遗传多样性研究

荷叶铁线蕨(Adiantumreniformevar. sinense)为我国特有植物,具有重要的经济价值,目前仅分布于重庆的少数地区。近几十年来,由于过度开发,该种的分布范围日益缩小,已处于灭绝的边缘。本研究利用等位酶标记检测了荷叶铁线蕨 6个自然居群共 136个个体的遗传多样性,共检测到了 5个酶系统的 14个位点,获得了 7个多态位点。结果表明:与其他蕨类植物相比,荷叶铁线蕨居群内的遗传多样性水平比较低。平均每位点的有效等位基因数(Ae)为 1. 778,多态位点百分率(P)为 0. 441,期望杂合度(He)为 0. 199,观察杂合度 (Ho)为 0. 235。其居群间的遗传分化也很低,居群间的遗传变异仅占总变异的 1. 49%,而 98. 51%的变异存在于居群内部。采用Hardy Wein berg平衡和固定指数F对荷叶铁线蕨的居群遗传结构进行了分析,结果表明其种群可能是以配子体间异交为主的混合交配体系。导致荷叶铁线蕨濒危的主要原因是生境的破坏以及过度开采所导致的生境片断化使其居群变小、近交率加大、遗传变异趋低,降低了其生存以及进化的潜力。     

小花三脉紫菀和狭叶三脉紫菀的区别:形态学和细胞学证据

产自湖北神农架的狭叶三脉紫菀Aster ageratoides var. gerlachii (Hance) Chang一直被各种文献和有关标本馆误定为小花三脉紫菀A. ageratoides var. micranthus Ling。我们对二者进行了野外采集和形态学、细胞学的比较研究,分析了导致错误鉴定的原因,重新确定了二者的界限。小花三脉紫菀无横走地下茎,这一性状具有重要的分类学价值。核型研究发现,小花三脉紫菀为二倍体,2n=2x=18=18m,核型属1A型;狭叶三脉紫菀则是四倍体,2n=4x=36=32m+4sm (2SAT),核型属2A型。二变种的染色体数目、核型均为首次报道。狭叶三脉紫菀在湖北为新分布记录。     

Two isoforms of acid phosphatase secreted by tobacco protoplasts: differential effect of brefeldin A on their secretion

Summary The effects of brefeldin A (BFA) on the secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) by tobacco protoplasts were investigated. Secretion of APase was inhibited by BFA in a dose-dependent manner, with a concomitant intracellular accumulation of the enzyme. The secreted APase was composed of two isoforms. BFA (10/ g/ml) inhibited the secretion of one of the isoforms without inhibiting that of the other, and this phenomenon explains the partial inhibition of APase secretion as a whole. The inhibition of APase secretion was accompanied by changes in the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and also by an increment in massdensity of cells.Abbreviations APase acid phosphatase - BFA brefeldin A - CHX cycloheximide - PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis     

薜荔和爱玉及其传粉昆虫繁殖特性

薜荔(Ficus pumila L．var．pumila)隶属桑科榕属,爱玉(F．pumila L．var．awkeotsanmg Corner)为其变种,它们的花是单性的,雌雄异株。雌花序中着生雌花,雄花序中有瘿花和雄花,每个花序中花的数量极多,达4000～6000朵。薜荔榕小蜂是唯一能进入薜荔和爱玉的隐头花序中产卵或传粉的共生昆虫,自然状态下雌花的结实率分别为82％、83．52％;瘿花的成虫瘿率分别为58．71％、51．32％,因此可形成大量的果实和虫瘿。物候观察表明薜荔和爱玉花期不遇,它们花序中的榕小蜂种群已经生殖隔离。人为的放蜂实验表明,生活于爱玉花序中的榕小蜂,已无法在薜荔花序中繁殖,生殖隔离进一步得到证实;实验同时表明爱玉的花粉亦不能使薜荔雌花结实,宿主两变种间生理上已不亲和。本文从共生双方协同进化的角度出发,探讨了榕树2变种间与传粉昆虫繁殖特性的差异,以及变种产生的主要原因。     

小钩丝壳属一新变种

本文报道了寄生在蔷薇科李属植物上的小钩丝壳属一新变种,即蔷薇小钩丝壳李变种Uncinuliella rosae Zheng & Chen var.pruni Z.Y.Zhao et Z.Q.Yuan,标本采自新疆霍城县野果林的樱桃李上。     

Efficacy of Oxamyl Against Heterodera schachtii on Cabbage

The efficacy of oxamyl in controlling Heterodera schachtii on cabbage was determined by applying various contbinations of soil drenches at 6.7 kg (a.i.)/ha and foliar sprays at 0.04 kg (a.i.)/100 liters of water to cabbage seedlings. Pretransplant drenches provided some control of H. schachtii over a 13-week period. A single foliar spray of oxamyl 1 week before transplanting apparently prevented penetration of H. schachtii larvae; post-transplant sprays were relatively ineffective. A pretransplant or transplant drench combined with a foliar application 2 weeks after transplanting provided the most effective control. The effectiveness of drenches plus post-transplant sprays is probably due to the spray augmenting the action of the drench in inhibiting the development of larvae after penelration.     

思茅松HDR基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

1-羟基-2-甲基-2-E-丁烯基-4-焦磷酸还原酶(HDR)是甲基-D-赤藓醇-4-磷酸(MEP)途径中的最后一个酶,在植物萜类生物合成中起主控作用。该研究根据思茅松(Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis)树皮转录组数据分析结果,首先获得了思茅松HDR基因片段,然后根据所获得的基因片段设计特异引物,提取受伤后的思茅松树皮的RNA,并运用RT-PCR和RACE技术从思茅松树皮中克隆得到完整的HDR基因(Pk HDR)。生物信息学分析表明:克隆获得的Pk HDR1基因c DNA全长序列为1 876 bp,含有1个1 464 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码487个氨基酸。同源性分析结果表明:思茅松HDR蛋白与赤松(Pinus densiflora)HDR蛋白的相似性高达99%。亚细胞定位及结构域分析结果表明:思茅松Pk HDR氨基酸序列中包含转运肽序列(A1-A61)及植物HDR蛋白多个保守的功能位点(A143,A234,A288,A371)。系统进化分析结果表明:Pk HDR蛋白与赤松HDR蛋白的亲缘关系最为接近。半定量PCR检测结果表明:树皮的创伤促进思茅松HDR基因的表达。该研究成功克隆获得HDR基因,并确定其与松脂代谢密切相关,为阐明思茅松松脂生物合成机制和分子育种提供了参考。     

大蒜芥属一新变种

发表了大蒜芥属一新变种,无毛全叶大蒜芥(Sisymbrium luteum (Maxim.)O. E. Schulz var. glabrum F. Z. Li et Z. Y. Sun.)。     

Development of nuclear microsatellite markers for the threatened wetland plant Geranium soboliferum var. kiusianum (Geraniaceae)

Nuclear microsatellite markers were developed for the threatened plant Geranium soboliferum var. kiusianum, which has decreased its population size as a result of loss of its wetland habitat in Kyushu, Japan. Utilizing RNA‐seq data obtained by next‐generation sequencing techniques, 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers with 3–16 alleles in a nuclear genome were developed and characterized. Two to 15 alleles were observed in G. soboliferum. These markers will be used to investigate the genetic circumstance of remnant populations of G. soboliferum var. kiusianum and their phylogenetic relationship with G. soboliferum.     

暗腹雪鸡与海兰褐鸡血液生理生化指标的比较

为了解暗腹雪鸡（Tetraogallus himalayensis）正常血液生理生化特性,本文对暗腹雪鸡21项血液生理生化指标进行了测定,并与海兰褐鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus var. Hyline）进行了比较。测定结果,暗腹雪鸡的红细胞纵径及横纵径乘积、平均红细胞容积及平均红细胞血红蛋白含量极显著大于海兰褐鸡（P<0.01）;暗腹雪鸡天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和胆固醇含量均极显著高于海兰褐鸡（P<0.01）。其他各项血液生理生化指标两禽种间之间差异不显著。实验结果表明,暗腹雪鸡血液生理生化指标与家养蛋鸡之间有一定差异,暗腹雪鸡对高原低氧环境有较强的适应性可能与其红细胞体积较大、平均红细胞容积及平均红细胞血红蛋白含量较高有一定关系。