伊贝母种子萌发和籽苗建立

在子叶出土萌发的植物类型中,伊贝母种子萌发过程是罕见的。萌发初期,子叶优先生长。首先伸长而突破种皮,接着长出地面,此后,胚根才开始生长并产生不定根。种子萌发后形成特殊籽苗。在地上部分,子叶变绿,成为第一生长季唯一的同化叶;在地下部分,上胚轴扁平化,芽鳞肉质化,于是形成小鳞茎。籽苗形态属于最简化的类型。伊贝母的籽苗与其营养更新苗相比,是很弱小的。     

Studies on Chemical Constituents of the Plant Fritillaria unibracteata

The plant Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. CHsia of the family Liliaceae is an elemental species of traditional Chinese drug "Chuan Beimu" in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Four compounds(C, D, E,F) have been isolated from its medicinal part (dried bulb). The latter three compounds were identified as D/E cis(22R, 25s)-20- deoxy-3β,6β-dihydroxy-5α,14α, 17β-cevanine(D), β-sitcsterol (E), stearic acid and palmitic acid(F) by mean of spectroscopic methods. Compound D belongs to a new alkaloid of cevine group of isosteroidal alkaloids which is attributed to the characteristic constituent of this genus, named as songbeinine.     

Effects of cultivation years on effective constituent content of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schernk

Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk has been treasured in traditional classic medicine as an antitussive, antiasthmatic and expectorant for hundreds of years. With gradually decreasing wild F. pallidiflora resources, the herb can no longer satisfy the demand. Artificial cultivation is one of the most effective ways to solve the contradiction between supply and demand in the medicinal material market. During the growth of Rhizomes medicinal plants, root biomass and active ingredient content showed dynamic accumulated variation with increasing cultivation years. Up to now, hardly any attempts have been made to investigate the relationship between quality and cultivation years of F. pallidiflora. Therefore, in this paper, we determined the optimum harvesting time by comparing biomass and biological characteristics of F. pallidiflora at different cultivation times. High-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection and phenol-sulfuric acid visible spectrophotometry was performed to determine imperialine and polysaccharide content of F. pallidiflora bulbs. From year 1 to 6 of cultivation, we observed an upward trend in plant height, diameter and dry weight of F. pallidiflora, while water content decreased. Plant height and dry weight increased remarkably during the fourth year of cultivation. The content of imperialine and polysaccharide of F. pallidiflora bulbs, on the other hand, showed an upward trend from year 1 to 3, after which it decreased from year 3 to 6. By comparing plant growth, biomass development and the accumulation of imperialine and polysaccharide, the best harvesting time of F. pallidiflora was determined to be after 4 years of cultivation. Our results showed that it is possible to establish a “safe, effective, stable and controllable” production process, which could play an important role in achieving sustainable utilization of F. pallidiflora resources.     

关于瓦布贝母的分类等级研究

基于营养体和花部形态,将瓦布贝母（F．wabuensis）降为暗紫贝母的一个变种：F.unibracteata var.wabuensis。     

The role of sexual and clonal reproduction in maintaining population in Fritillaria camtschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl. (Liliaceae)

Fritillaria camtschatcensis can reproduce by means of both sexual reproduction and clonal multiplication. Despite prolific seed production, no seedlings have been found for several years in natural populations on Mt Hakusan. The purposes of this paper are to clarify: (i) whether population size is maintained mainly by clonal multiplication; and (ii) if this is the case, to what extent occasional seedling establishment affects population growth rate and population structure. Two permanent quadrats were placed in subalpine meadows in 1992 on Mt Hakusan. Plant size, location and reproductive states for all ramets in the quadrats were recorded every year. Projection matrices were created based on field census, and computer simulation experiments were performed. Fritillaria camtschatcensis had two types of flower, male flower and cosexual flower, and they were changeable. This is the first report on sex lability in Fritillaria. Clonal growth was more closely correlated with life-history stages, especially with sexual states than with plant size. The population growth rate, , was 1.006 for the Mizuyajiri population and 1.047 for the Nanryu population, respectively. Seedlings were found in 1996 for the first time. These facts indicate that populations of F. camtschatcensis on Mt Hakusan can usually be maintained by clonal multiplication. However, it is not yet certain whether seeds germinate every year or whether a flush of seedling emergence occurs once in every few years in natural populations. Computer simulation revealed that: (i) there was a critical germination rate above which population growth rate suddenly increased; and (ii) occasional seedling establishment could provide almost the same contribution to population growth rate as that of annual seedling establishment. These results suggest that population size can be maintained mainly by clonal multiplication, and the role of sexual reproduction lies beyond maintaining the population size in F. camtschatcensis.     

五峰尖贝原植物形态及有效成分研究

通过对湖北民间常用中药——五峰尖贝的产地调查,系统地对其原植物及药用器官(鳞茎)的形态及有效成分进行了研究。确定五峰尖贝为百合科(Liliaceae)植物太白贝母(Fritilliaria taipaiensis P.V.Li)。     

Studies of Songbeinone,A New Fritillaria Alkaloid Identified from the Bulb of Fritillaria unibracteata

A compound C was isolated from the dry bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C: Hsia which belongs to a main resource species of traditional Chinese drug “Chuan Bei-mu” in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1990 ed.). It was identified as D/E cis(22R, 25S)-20-deoxy-3β-hydroxyl-6-carbonyl-5α, 14α, 17β-cevanine by means of spectroscopic methods. It is a new alkaloid of 5α-cevanine group of isosteroidal alkaloids being attributed to the characteristic constituents of this genus, named as songbeinone.     

The Studies on Embryology in Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim

The development of the anther wall follows Basic-type. The cytokinesis at the time of pollen mother cell meiosis conforms to successive type. The arrangement of the microspores in the tetrad is referred to isobilateral. The primary wall between the generative cell and the vegetative cell is callose. The callose wall is easily detected under the fluorescence microscope. The mature pollen grain is 2-celled type. The ovule is bitegminous, tenui-nucellar and anatropous. The development of the female gametophyte follows Fritillaria-type. The mature embryo sac. consists of the six cells including the seven nuclei. The fertilization is referred to the premitotic syngamy type. The fusion of the female and male nucleoli is not observed at the end of the fertilization. The division of the primary endosperm nucleus is earlier than that of the zygote. The development of the endosperm is referred to nuclear type. The division of the zygote is transverse of longitudinal, the development of the embryo conforms to Onagradtype. When the seed is mature, the embryo is at the proembryo stage without differentiation and the endosperm cells are not absorbed.     

Critical Notes on the Genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) of Xinjiang,China

More than thirty species and varieties of Fritillaria have been reported from Xinjiang,incluing many new taxa recently published． A revision of these was made based on mainly herbarium material and literature．As a result,seven species were recognized,including newly recorded F. stenanthera(Regel)Regel,and nine species and twenty-one varieties were reduced to synonyms．