塔里木河中游胡杨径向生长对气候变化的响应研究

以塔里木河中游荒漠河岸林胡杨为研究对象,选择中游河道新沙吉利克、坎白吾斯坦两个断面,分析塔里木河中游胡杨径向生长量的特点,基于离断面较近的气象站长时间序列的气温数据,采用相关性分析和MannKendall突变检验方法研究塔里木河中游胡杨径向生长量对温度动态变化的响应。结果显示:(1)塔里木河中游的河流沿岸,胡杨径向生长变化与温度变化均呈增加趋势;新沙吉利克、坎白吾斯坦断面胡杨径向生长量突变分别发生在1993年和1998年以后,且该地区的胡杨径向生长量对温度具有滞后性。(2)从时段分析发现,当年6~9月的温度对胡杨径向生长量的促进作用最大,6~9月的温度可能是该地区胡杨径向生长的限制性因子。(3)当年平均温度在13~33℃时,胡杨径向生长量达到最大值;当温度超过33℃,胡杨径向生长量呈现减弱趋势。研究表明,当年平均温度过高或过低都会抑制胡杨的径向生长。     

神经行为学实验Narrow-Alley Test及Corner Test改良: Narrow-Alley Corner Test

目的改良传统的Narrow-alley Test及Corner Test,增强实验的可操作性和结果的可靠性。方法用Narrow-alley Test、Corner Test及改良后的Narrow-alley Corner Test检测三组SD大鼠:脑出血 GCSF治疗组;脑出血 生理盐水安慰治疗组;正常对照组。结果(1)与Narrow-alley Test及Corner Test结果一致,正常大鼠在Narrow-alleyCorner Test实验装置中向左、向右"站立转身"的几率接近,而脑损伤大鼠则趋向沿损伤同侧作"站立转身"。(2)Narrow-alley Corner Test不须反复刺激大鼠,减少了人在实验现场对动物活动的影响,增强了实验的可操作性和结果的可信度。结论Narrow-alley Corner Test是一种可操作性强、结果可靠的神经行为学检测方法。     

Evaluation of a novel monoclonal-based antigen-in-stool enzyme immunoassay (Premier Platinum HpSA PLUS) for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in Vietnamese children

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is difficult to diagnose in children, especially in developing countries where noninvasive methods such as urea breath test are often not available. We evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a new monoclonal antibody-based antigen-in-stool enzyme immunoassay (Premier Platinum HpSA PLUS) for diagnosis of H. pylori infection in Vietnamese children.
Materials and Methods: Sensitivity of the antigen-in-stool test was evaluated in 232 children, 3–15 years of age, who were positive for H. pylori infection by culture from biopsies. For evaluation of the specificity 98 children of similar age with nongastrointestinal conditions and who were negative for H. pylori infection by serologic assays were included with blood and stool samples.
Results: Of the 232 culture-positive children, 224 were also positive by Premier Platinum HpSA PLUS. Of the 98 control children, 93 were H. pylori negative also in the stool test. The sensitivity of Premier Platinum HpSA PLUS was thus 96.6% (95% CI 93.3–98.5) and the specificity was 94.9% (95% CI 88.5–98.3).
Conclusions: The findings have demonstrated Premium Platinum HpSA PLUS to be a reliable method for detection of H. pylori infection also in children in our area.     

A computational study of the EN 1078 impact test for bicycle helmets using a realistic subject-specific finite element head model

Abstract

In the present study, the free fall impact test in accordance with the EN1078 standard for certification of bicycle helmets is replicated using numerical simulations. The impact scenario is simulated using an experimentally validated, patient-specific head model equipped with and without a bicycle helmet. Head accelerations and intracranial biomechanical injury metrics during the impacts are recorded. It is demonstrated that wearing the bicycle helmet during the impact reduces biomechanical injury metrics, with the biggest reduction seen in the metric for skull fracture.     

Biological Time‐Dependent Difference in Effect of Peroxynitrite Demonstrated by the Mouse Hot Plate Pain Model

We previously demonstrated the rhythmic pattern of L‐arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cascade in nociceptive processes. The coupled production of excess NO and superoxide leads to the formation of an unstable intermediate peroxynitrite, which is primarily responsible for NO‐mediated toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the biological time‐dependent effects of exogenously administered peroxynitrite on nociceptive processes and peroxynitrite‐induced changes in the analgesic effect of morphine using the mouse hot‐plate pain model. Experiments were performed at four different times of day (1, 7, 13, and 19 hours after lights on, i.e., HALO) in mice of both sexes synchronized to a 12 h:12 h light‐dark cycle. Animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline or 10 mg/kg morphine 30 min before and 0.001 mg/kg peroxynitrite 30 sec before hot‐plate testing, respectively. The analgesic effect of morphine exhibited significant biological time‐dependent differences in the thermally‐induced algesia; whereas, administration of peroxynitrite alone exhibited either significant algesic or analgesic effect, depending on the circadian time of its injection. Concomitant administration of peroxynitrite and morphine reduced morphine‐induced analgesia at three of the four different study time points. In conclusion, peroxynitrite displayed nociceptive and antinociceptive when administered alone according to the circadian time of treatment, while it diminished analgesic activity when administered in combination with morphine at certain biological times.     

纯种犬在15个STR基因座上的遗传多态性

目的:指导纯种犬的繁育及建立一套简便的犬个体识别和亲权鉴定方法。方法:通过设计引物进行PCR扩增及PAGE检测的方法,分析了88头纯种犬在15个STR基因座上的遗传学多态性。结果:15个STR基因座的累积非父排除率(CPE)和累积个体识别率(TDP)分别为0.999678和0.999999999997,而平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0.607和0.640。12个STR基因座(PEZ1、PEZ2、PEZ3、PEZ5、PEZ6、PEZ8、PEZ12、FHC2010、FHC2054、FHC2087UbF、HC2132、FHC2611)的多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度(H)大于0.5,它们的TDP和CPE值分别为0.999999999963和0.999334,能有效用于犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。结论:这15个STR基因座可以用于指导犬的繁育,其中12个STR基因座能有效用于犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)鉴别试验的方法研究

目的：建立重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)鉴别试验的方法。方法：取重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)以1：10比例加入lmol/L盐酸调节pH值,采用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测,同时设以氢氧化铝、未处理的重组乙型肝炎疫苗、狂犬疫苗、出血热疫苗,以及试剂盒的阴、阳性作为对照。结果：狂犬疫苗、出血热疫苗及氢氧化铝对照为阴性,直接检测重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)呈弱阳性,加入盐酸调节pH值后原倍样品呈弱阳性,10倍稀释后呈强阳性。采用该方法检测5批疫苗均呈强阳性。组内平行试验,组间重复试验。结论：将重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)调节pH值后10倍稀释,用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测呈阳性,而且稳定可靠,该方法可用于该疫苗的鉴别试验。     

Survival and escape of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in triploid hybrid lines of Chinese white poplar transformed with two insect-resistant genes

Two partly modified insect-resistant genes (BtCryI Ac gene [Bt gene toxin against Lepidopterean insects] and API gene [arrowhead proteinase inhibitor]) were transferred to the triploid hybrid of Chinese white poplar ((Populus tomentosa Carr. × Populus bolleana Louche) × Populus tomentosa Carr.) mediated by A. tumefaciens. The survival of Agrobacterium in transgenic plants was examined during the processes of transplanting and subculturing on the nutrient medium. The results suggested that 80% of the plants, which were obtained by repeated selection on media added with 50 mg/L kanamycin and 300 mg/l carbenicillin, showed positive reactions after examination using molecular methods. The ELISA test indicated that the Bt toxoprotein was expressed in seven of the transgenic sub-clones. Leaves, stems, and roots of all the 28 transgenic plants were cultured on the YEB medium added with 50 mg/L kanamycin, and it was found that Agrobacterium survived in three sub-clones (33, 37, 5) and could have existed for 24 months in the bottle. These three transgenic sub-clones were transplanted and cultivated for one month in the room, and then the target Agrobacterium was found in rhizosphere of the sub-clone 33.     

Morphology of the fifth sternal glands of Neotropical social wasps (Hymenoptera,Vespidae, Polistinae)

Glands play a central role in the social behavior of insects, and comparative analysis of their structure may provide insights about their evolution and their role in insect social biology. Here, we describe the glands of the fifth metasomal sternite of ten polistine wasps with different social behaviors. The glands of foragers of these species were studied using semithin sections of Araldite‐embedded tissue, and scanning electron microscopy. The structure of the glands observed was mostly similar to what has previously been reported for independent‐founder and swarm‐founder species, respectively. Scale‐shaped modifications in the fifth sternite are reported for the first time for members of the genera Synoeca and Epipona. Two previously unreported glands in the fifth sternite are also described. A more restrictive definition of the name Richards' gland is proposed, applying to the class 3 cells associated with scale modifications of the fifth sternite, based on structural differences between the glands observed, homology requirements, and functional evidence. Previous phylogenetic reconstructions of this character suggest that it appeared early in the Vespidae and disappeared four times, with a single reappearance in the genus Vespula. The restricted definition of Richards' gland suggests that this structure is an exclusive trait of the Epiponini, with two reversals.