施肥对落叶松和水曲柳人工林土壤微生物生物量碳和氮季节变化的影响

2007-2008年,采用氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定了落叶松和水曲柳人工林土壤微生物生物量,研究施N肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮,以及细菌、真菌和放线菌数量季节变化的影响.结果表明：落叶松林地土壤微生物生物量碳、氮两年平均值分别比水曲柳林地低13.8%和18.3%,但两种林分土壤微生物生物量碳、氮具有相同的季节变化规律：5月最低,9月最高;表层（0～10 cm）土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及微生物数量均高于亚表层（10～20 cm）土壤.但细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的季节变化格局与生物量不同.施肥降低了两种林分的微生物生物量碳、氮,以及细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,其中,落叶松林地微生物生物量碳和氮分别降低了24%和63%,水曲柳分别降低了51%和68%.说明施N肥限制了土壤微生物生物量,改变了土壤微生物的群落结构.     

水曲柳大孢子发生及雌配子体发育的研究

水曲柳（ＦｒａｘｉｎｕｓｍａｎｄｓｈｕｉｃａＲｕｐｒ．）子房为二心皮;二室,中轴胎座,每室内具二个倒生胚珠,薄珠心,单珠被。单个孢原细胞分化于珠心顶端表皮之下,直接发育成为大孢子母细胞,大孢子四分体为直线形,通常为合点端第一大孢子具功能,胆囊发育为蓼型。     

Effects of the emerald ash borer invasion on the community composition of arthropods associated with ash tree boles in Maryland,U.S.A.

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白蜡树属植物体细胞胚胎发生进展

综述了近年来国内外对白蜡树属植物体细胞胚胎发生的研究概况,对影响体细胞胚胎发生的主要可控因素以及体细胞胚胎发生过程、机理、组织学方面作了介绍,并提出了白蜡树属体细胞胚胎发生研究的应用前景。     

Submersion as a tactic to prevent emergence of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis from black ash logs

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Fat-tailed gene flow in the dioecious canopy tree species Fraxinus mandshurica var. japonica revealed by microsatellites

Pollen flow, seed dispersal and individual reproductive success can be simultaneously estimated from the genotypes of adults and offspring using stochastic models. Using four polymorphic microsatellite loci, gene flow of the wind-pollinated and wind-seed-dispersed dioecious tree species, Fraxinus mandshurica var. japonica, was quantified in a riparian forest, in northern Japan. In a 10.5-ha plot, 74 female adults, 76 male adults and 292 current-year seedlings were mapped and genotyped, together with 200 seeds. To estimate dispersal kernels of pollen and seeds, we applied normal, exponential power, Weibull, bivariate t-distribution kernels, and two-component models consisting of two normal distribution functions, one with a small and one with a large variance. A two-component pollen flow model with a small contribution (26.1%) from short-distance dispersal (sigma = 7.2 m), and the rest from long-distance flow (sigma = 209.9 m), was chosen for the best-fitting model. The average distance that integrated pollen flows inside and outside the study plot was estimated to be 196.8 m. Tree size and flowering intensity affected reproduction, and there appeared to be critical values that distinguished reproductively successful and unsuccessful adults. In contrast, the gene flow model that estimated both pollen and seed dispersal from established seedlings resulted in extensive seed dispersal, and the expected spatial genetic structures did not satisfactorily fit with the observations, even for the selected model. Our results advanced small-scale individual-based parentage analysis for quantifying fat-tailed gene flow in wind-mediated species, but also clarified its limitations and suggested future possibilities for gene flow studies.     

Submergence of black ash logs to control emerald ash borer and preserve wood for American Indian basketmaking

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Phosphate Availability Alters Lateral Root Anatomy and Root Architecture of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. Seedlings

Plants have evolved some mechanisms to maximize the efficiency of phosphorus acquisition.Changes in root architecture are one such mechanism. When Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. seedlings were grown under conditions of low phosphorus availability, the length of cells in the meristem zone of the lateral roots was longer, but the length of cells in the elongation and mature zones of the lateral roots was shorter,compared with seedlings grown under conditions of high phosphorus availability. The elongation rates of primary roots increased as phosphorus availability increased, but the elongation rates of the branched zones of the primary roots decreased. The number of lateral root primordia and the length of the lateral roots decreased as phosphorus availability increased. The topological index (altitude slope) decreased as phosphorus availability increased, suggesting that root architecture tended to be herringbone-like when seedlings were grown under conditions of low phosphate availability. Herringbone-like root systems exploit nutrients more efficiently, but they have higher construction costs than root systems with a branching pattern.     

小叶白蜡接种外生菌根真菌对土壤石油烃的降解效果

采用盆栽实验研究了小叶白蜡(Fraxinus sogdiana)接种4种外生菌根真菌(E1-毛边滑锈伞(Hebeloma mesophaeusm)、E2-劣味乳菇(Lactarius insulsns)、E3-松塔牛肝菌(Stro-bilomyces floccopus)和E4-丝膜菌(Cortinarius russus)对沈抚灌区土壤石油烃的降解效果。结果表明:在白蜡不同组合双接种及混合接种中,以混合接种对土壤石油烃的降解效果最好,降解率比对照提高23.6%;其次为双接种中的E1E3和E2E4组合,降解率分别比对照提高21.0%和12.7%。接种外生菌根真菌可促进白蜡生长,尤其可明显提高其根生物量,增加侧根数,接种E1E3、E2E4和混合菌使白蜡侧根数分别增加了100%、67%和81%。相关分析表明,石油烃降解率与白蜡的侧根数呈显著相关,可能是其降解率提高的主要原因。     

NaCl胁迫对美国白蜡幼苗部分生理指标的影响

美国白蜡(Fraxinus americana Linn.)为木犀科(Oleaceae)白蜡树属(Fraxinus Linn.)落叶乔木,原产加拿大南部和美国,其干形通直、树形美观,是水土保持和庭院绿化的优良树种[1],具有较为突出的耐干旱和耐盐碱能力[2]。目前对美国白蜡耐盐能力的研究主要集中于引种试验和树种对比方面[2-4]。郝明灼等[5]的研究结果显示:在NaCl胁迫条件下美国白蜡叶肉细胞超微结构无明显损伤,显示出较强的耐盐能力。为进一步探讨美国白蜡耐盐的生理机制,作者以美国白