狐尾藻属狭域种和广布种断枝的生长与再生能力比较研究

对比研究了广布种穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)和狭域种扬子狐尾藻(M. oguraense Mikisubsp. yangtzense Wang)不同长度(5、10 和15 cm)和不同位置(顶枝、中枝和底枝)断枝的生长和再生能力。研究结果显示, 两物种由断枝生长所形成植株的总生物量、分枝生物量、分枝数均随断枝长度的增加而增大;在由不同位置的断枝生长所形成的植株中, 顶枝所形成植株的总生物量最大, 中枝所形成植株的分枝生物量、分枝数和平均分枝长最大。由断枝所形成植株的总生物量、分枝生物量、分枝数、平均分枝长和新分枝所处位置在种间均存在显著差异, 穗花狐尾藻顶枝和中枝的生物量较大, 顶枝所产生的分枝位于断枝基部; 扬子狐尾藻的分枝生物量、分枝数及平均分枝长较大, 新产生的分枝多位于断枝顶端附近。研究结果表明穗花狐尾藻和扬子狐尾藻断枝的再生对策不同, 前者是增加对断枝总生物量的投资, 而后者是增加对断枝产生新分枝的投资。研究结果可为进一步开展水生植物广布种与狭域种的生活史对策研究提供资料, 也为湿地物种多样性保护与管理提供科学指导     

从文献情报分析看iFlora 的发展趋势

在网络化、信息化逐渐改变人们学习、认知和生活的背景下,本文检索并分析了与iFlora研究相关的DNA条形码、生物多样性信息库、基因测序技术、移动鉴定设备等研究论文和情报,取得下列结果：（1） 植物DNA条形码的研究对象以及研究领域在不断延伸和扩展,但寻找高分辨率的DNA条码和组合片段仍是研究热点,相关的植物分类学、系统发育与演化、生态学、植物多样性等研究也在快速发展;（2） 生物多样性信息数据库建设爆发式增长,为iFlora的知识积累和扩展奠定了基础;（3） 第三代DNA测序技术的发展,快速测序设备的小型化将成为可能;（4） 物种认知和识别的初级移动设备已经出现;（5） 信息技术与植物科学等研究的结合,促进跨领域的研究合作和产品开发。本文讨论了iFlora研究计划,表明其是未来植物多样性研究的发展趋势。     

生物信息数据库知识产权保护初探

生物信息技术是当今生命科学乃至整个自然科学的重大前沿领域之一,生物信息数据库是生物信息技术中非常重要的部分,对生命科学的发展起着重要的推动作用。本文叙述了生物信息数据库的特点及国内外知识产权保护现状,初步讨论了生物信息数据库知识产权保护中存在的问题,提出了保护我国生物信息数据库的建议。     

Reproduction,foraging and the negative density–area relationship of a generalist rodent

While many species show positive relationships between population density and habitat patch area, some species consistently show higher densities in smaller patches. Few studies have examined mechanisms that may cause species to have negative density–area relationships. We tested the hypothesis that greater reproduction in edge versus interior habitats and small versus large fragments contributes to higher densities of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in small versus large forest fragments. We also examined vegetation structure and foraging tray utilization to evaluate if greater reproduction was a result of higher food availability. There were greater number of litters and proportion of females producing litters in the edge versus interior of forest fragments, which may have contributed to greater population growth rates and higher densities in edge versus interior and small versus large fragments. Data on vegetation structure and giving-up densities of seeds in artificial patches suggest that food availability may be higher in edge versus interior habitats and small versus large fragments. These results, in an area with few or no long-tailed weasels, provide a distinct contrast to the findings of Morris and Davidson (Ecology 81:2061, 2000) who observed lower reproduction in forest edge habitat as a result of high weasel predation, suggesting that specialist predators may be important in affecting the quality of edge habitat. While we cannot exclude the potential contributions of immigration, emigration, and mortality, our data suggest that greater reproduction in edge versus interior habitat is an important factor contributing to higher densities of P. leucopus in small fragments.     

Targeted biochemical profiling of brain from Huntington's disease patients reveals novel metabolic pathways of interest

Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative disease with a distinct phenotype characterized by chorea and dystonia, incoordination, cognitive decline and behavioral difficulties. The precise mechanisms of HD progression are poorly understood; however, it is known that there is an expansion of the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Herein DI/LC-MS/MS was used to accurately identify and quantify 185 metabolites in post mortem frontal lobe and striatum from HD patients and healthy control cases. The findings link changes in energy metabolism and phospholipid metabolism to HD pathology and also demonstrate significant reductions in neurotransmitters. Further investigation into the oxidation of fatty acids and phospholipid metabolism in pre-clinical models of HD are clearly warranted for the identification of potential therapies. Additionally, panels of 5 metabolite biomarkers were identified in both the frontal lobe (AUC?=?0.962 (95% CI: 0.85–1.00) and striatum (AUC?=?0.988 (95% CI: 0.899–1.00). This could have clinical utility in more accessible biomatrices such as blood serum for the early detection of those entering the prodromal phase of the disease, when treatment is believed to be most effective. Further evaluation of these biomarker panels in human cohorts is justified to determine their clinical efficacy.     

生物技术相关专利的计量学研究

生物技术是国家战略性高新技术的重要组成部分,已经成为当今世界各国战略发展争夺的热点之一。本文对ISTIC-专利分析数据库与美国USPTO授权的生物技术相关专利数据中收录的专利进行了分析。从专利授权数量及年度变化、生命周期、专利权人、专利的国际专利分类号、专利权人所属国家和机构等角度深入分析了生物技术专利的整体产出情况、重点技术领以及各个国家的生物技术发展状况和战略布局情况,为该领域战略争夺发展的重点提供参考与指导。