Factors influencing chemical quality of composted poultry waste

The need for organic recycling is justified in the case of poultry waste because after ensuring hygienization there is a chance of obtaining a compost with substantial fertilizer value. Organic recycling of slaughter waste has its justification in sustainable development and retardation of resources. In the research being described, composting of hydrated poultry slaughterhouse waste with maize straw was carried out. Combinations with fodder yeast and postcellulose lime were also introduced in order to modify chemical and physicochemical properties of the mixtures. The experiment was carried out within 110 days in 1.2 × 1.0 × 0.8 m laboratory reactors. Temperature of the biomass was recorded during composting, and the biomass was actively aerated through a perforated bottom.Composting of substrates selected in such a way caused losses of some elements in gaseous form, an increase in concentration of other elements, and changes in relationships between elements. The ability to select substrates influences compost quality. This ability is determined by chemical indicators. Among other things, compost evaluation based on carbon to nitrogen ratio shows the intensity of the composting process and possible nitrogen losses. The addition of slaughter waste to maize straw reduced the content of individual fractions of carbon in the composts, whereas the addition of postcellulose lime intensified that process. The addition of fodder yeast significantly increased the phosphorus content in the compost. Since iron compounds were used in the processing of poultry carcasses, composts that were based on this material had an elevated iron content. The applied postcellulose lime significantly increased the copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, and lead contents. Proper selection of substrates for composting of hydrated poultry slaughterhouse waste allows to obtain a compost with chemical properties that create favorable conditions for natural application of that compost. Addition of large quantities of postcellulose lime to the composting process leads to obtaining an organic-mineral substratum for cultivation or to obtaining an agent that improves soil properties.     

Heterogeneous anomalous diffusion of a virus in the cytoplasm of a living cell

The infection pathway of a virus in the cytoplasm of a living cell is studied from the viewpoint of diffusion theory, based on a phenomenon observed by single-molecule imaging. The cytoplasm plays the role of a medium for stochastic motion of a virus contained in an endosome as well as a free virus. It is experimentally known that the exponent of anomalous diffusion fluctuates in localized areas of the cytoplasm. Here, generalizing the fractional kinetic theory, such fluctuations are described in terms of the exponent locally distributed over the cytoplasm and a theoretical proposition is presented for its statistical form. The proposed fluctuations may be examined in an experiment of heterogeneous diffusion in the infection pathway.     

Influence of newly designed monorail pressure sensor catheter on coronary diagnostic parameters: An in vitro study

The decision to perform intervention on a patient with coronary stenosis is often based on functional diagnostic parameters obtained from pressure and flow measurements using sensor-tipped guidewire at maximal vasodilation (hyperemia). Recently, a rapid exchange Monorail Pressure Sensor catheter of 0.022″ diameter (MPS22), with pressure sensor at distal end has been developed for improved assessment of stenosis severity. The hollow shaft of the MPS22 is designed to slide over any standard 0.014″ guidewire (G14). Hence, influence of MPS22 diameter on coronary diagnostic parameters needs investigation. An in vitro experiment was conducted to replicate physiologic flows in three representative area stenosis (AS): mild (64% AS), intermediate (80% AS), and severe (90% AS), for two arterial diameters, 3 mm (N2; more common) and 2.5 mm (N1). Influence of MPS22 on diagnostic parameters: fractional flow reserve (FFR) and pressure drop coefficient (CDP) was evaluated both at hyperemic and basal conditions, while comparing it with G14. The FFR values decreased for the MPS22 in comparison to G14, (Mild: 0.87 vs 0.88, Intermediate: 0.68 vs 0.73, Severe: 0.48 vs 0.56) and CDP values increased (Mild: 16 vs 14, Intermediate: 75 vs 56, Severe: 370 vs 182) for N2. Similar trend was observed in the case of N1. The FFR values were found to be well above (mild) and below (intermediate and severe) the diagnostic cut-off of 0.75. Therefore, MPS22 catheter can be used as a possible alternative to G14. Further, irrespective of the MPS22 or G14, basal FFR (FFR_b) had overlapping ranges in close proximity for clinically relevant mild and intermediate stenoses that will lead to diagnostic uncertainty under both N1 and N2. However, CDP_b had distinct ranges for different stenosis severities and could be a potential diagnostic parameter under basal conditions.     

Modeling above‐ground litterfall in eastern Mediterranean conifer forests using fractional tree cover,and remotely sensed and ground data

Question: How can we model above‐ground litterfall in Mediterranean conifer forests using remotely sensed and ground data, and geographic information systems (GIS)? Location: Eastern Mediterranean conifer forest of Turkey. Methods: Above‐ground litterfall from Mediterranean forest stands of Pinus nigra, Cedrus libani, Pinus brutia and Juniperus excelsa and mixed Abies cilicica, C. libani and P. nigra was modeled as a function of fractional tree cover using a regression tree algorithm, based on IKONOS and Landsat TM/ETM+data. Landsat TM/ETM+images for the study area were used to map actual stand patterns, based on a land‐cover map of species stands using a supervised classification. Results: Total amount of annual above‐ground litterfall for the entire study area (12 260 km²) was estimated at 417.2 Mg ha^?1 for P. brutia, 291.1 Mg ha^?1 for the mixed stand, 115.5 Mg ha^?1 for P. nigra, 54.6 Mg ha^?1 for J. excelsa and 45.9 Mg ha^?1 for C. libani. The maps generated indicate the distribution of the seasonal amount of total above‐ground litterfall for different species and the distribution of species stands in the study area. There was an increase in the amount of above‐ground litterfall for P. brutia stand in summer, for J. excelsa in autumn and for C. libani, P. nigra and the mixed stand of A. cilicica, P. nigra and C. libani in winter. Conclusion: Application of this model helps to improve the accuracy of estimated litterfall input to soil organic carbon pools in the Mediterranean conifer forests.     

Self-similar dynamics of proteins under hydrostatic pressure—Computer simulations and experiments

Different experimental techniques, such as kinetic studies of ligand binding and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, have revealed that the diffusive, internal dynamics of proteins exhibits autosimilarity on the time scale from microseconds to hours. Computer simulations have demonstrated that this type of dynamics is already established on the much shorter nanosecond time scale, which is also covered by quasielastic neutron scattering experiments. The autosimilarity of protein dynamics is reflected in long-time memory effects in the underlying diffusion processes, which lead to a non-exponential decay of the observed time correlation functions. Fractional Brownian dynamics is an empirical model which is able to capture the essential aspects of internal protein dynamics. Here we give a brief introduction into the theory and show how the model can be used to interpret neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulation of proteins in solution under hydrostatic pressure.     

舒巴坦与亚胺培南对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌体外联合抗菌活性研究

目的评价舒巴坦与亚胺培南对临床分离的80株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的体外联合抗菌活性,为临床治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的感染提供实验依据。方法采用琼脂稀释、棋盘设计法测定舒巴坦与亚胺培南单用及联合应用对临床分离的80株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,并计算抑菌浓度指数（FIC）,判定联合效应：FIC≤0．5为协同作用,0．5〈FIC≤1．0为相加作用,1．0〈FIC≤2．0为无关作用,FIC〉2．0为拈抗作用。结果舒巴坦与亚胺培南联州后,两种药物对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的MIC值均显著降低,FIC指数在0—0．5、0．5～1的百分率为12．5％、85．0％。结论舒巴坦与亚胺培南联用对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的抗菌作用主要呈现协同和相加作用,并以相加作用为主。     

一类分数阶微分方程的最优控制

主要研究了一类分数阶微分方程的最优控制问题.通过Oustaloup迭代逼近,可以将分数阶微分算子在频率域范围内进行近似.那么原先的分数阶微分方程就转换为一般的常微分方程.利用这个关系,可以得到关于分数阶微分方程的两个定理和一个引理.最后给出一个例子说明该方法的有效性.     

猪伪狂犬病毒gB基因在大肠杆菌中的分段表达

目的分段表达伪狂犬病毒（pseudorabies virus,PRV）gB基因,用于PRV疫苗免疫抗体评估试剂盒研究。方法分析gB抗原表位,设计4对特异性引物,从PRV新疆分离株中扩增gB基因的4个片段,分别命名为gB-1、gB-3、gB-4和gB-5基因,克隆到pGEM-T-easy载体并测序。再将4个gB基因片段融合到pGEX-6P-1原核表达载体中,表达并纯化。Western Blotting进行重组蛋白的抗原性检测。以纯化的重组蛋白为抗原建立间接ELISA方法,检测猪血清临床样品。结果构建的4种表达质粒均可在大肠杆菌中表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,表达分子量分别为75.05、53.86、49.96和49.72×10^3Da,其中gB-3、gB-4和gB-5表达量较高,表达产物主要存在于包涵体中。Western Bloting鉴定显示,4种融合蛋白均可被猪伪狂犬阳性血清特异识别。以gB-3、gB-4和gB-5建立的ELISA方法与IDEXX公司的gB-ELISA试剂盒符合率分别为40.9%、81.8%和81.8%。结论本研究成功表达了PRV的gB-1、gB-3、gB-4和gB-5重组蛋白,gB-3、gB-4和gB-5表达量较高;其中以gB-4和gB-5建立的间接ELISA方法与IDEXX公司的符合率较高。