木兰科四种植物种子油的提取及脂肪酸成分分析

采用超声波辅助提取法和微波辅助提取法同时提取白玉兰、凹叶厚朴、深山含笑和醉香含笑四种木兰科植物的种子油,种子油甲酯化后,运用气相色谱—质谱联用技术测定其脂肪酸成分。结果表明:四种植物种子油的提取率不同,白玉兰平均为27.35%、凹叶厚朴23.34%、深山含笑31.66%,醉香含笑9.27%。不同提取方法所得到的种子油脂肪酸成分和相对含量不同,但四种种子油的主要脂肪酸成分相同,包括油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸。     

一个嵌合型药用野生稻7号染色体单体附加系及其回交后代的分析

对一个药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis Wall ex Watt,基因组型CC)异源单体附加系(monosomic alien addition line,MAAL)及其回交后代进行了分析,应用分子标记技术确定了该异源单体附加系所附加的染色体是一条嵌合的7号染色体,药用野生稻贡献了其长臂部分,而短臂和着丝粒则来源于栽培稻。将该植株与栽培稻亲本回交,得到109株回交后代,考察了回交群体的主要农艺性状并进行了分子标记分析,发现野生稻染色体片段的渗入影响了回交后代的株高、千粒重、结实率、结实密度、叶宽等农艺性状,而且这些性状之间正相关度很大。     

Perfusion strategy for rosmarinic acid production by Anchusa officinalis

The production of an intracellular secondary metabolite rosmarinic acid (RA) by plant cell suspensions of Anchusa officinalis cultivated with intermittent medium exchange is investigated. Initially, a two-stage perfusion culture method was employed. After being cultured in the batch mode for ca. 6 days in B5 medium plus 3% sucrose, 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 0.1 mg/L kinetin (2,4-D B5 medium), Anchusa culture was cultivated to high cell density by perfusion during the growth stage using a hormone-free Gamborg B5 medium supplemented with 6% sucrose. This was followed by a production stage, in which a complete medium exchange into B5 medium plus 3% sucrose and 0.25 mg/L naphthleneacetic acid (NAA) was conducted. The two-stage perfusion culture had a higher maximum culture RA concentration but a lower RA content per cell than the batch stock culture maintained in the 2,4-D B5 medium. Higher culture RA concentration was due primarily to high cell density. The high packed cell volume, however, seemed to reduce the synergistic effect of NAA on RA synthesis. Subsequently, a single-stage perfusion culture method was investigated. The best result was obtained by growing the culture in the batch mode for ca. 10 days using B5 medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.25 mg/L NAA, followed by perfusing the culture with B5 medium plus 6% sucrose and 0.25 mg/L NAA at a constant perfusion rate of 0.1/day. A maximum cell dry weight of 35 g/L and a RA concentration of almost 4 g/L were achieved. This is the highest RA concentration ever reported in the Anchusa culture. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化山茱萸总皂苷的动态吸附条件研究

为了研究大孔吸附树脂纯化山茱萸总皂苷的动态吸附工艺,运用静态吸附与解吸试验对大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,然后通过单因素试验、正交试验和方差分析确定了大孔吸附树脂吸附山茱萸总皂苷的最佳操作条件.结果表明,HPD-300树脂对山茱萸总皂苷的吸附和解吸性能较好.确定的最佳吸附条件为料液浓度3.5 m g.mL-1,上柱速度3.5 BV.h-1,pH值为7.0.HPD-300大孔吸附树脂可较好地纯化山茱萸总皂苷.     

Proline involvement in the common sage antioxidant system in the presence of NaCl and paraquat

To elucidate proline antioxidant properties in common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) plants, they were treated with paraquat (a producer of superoxide radical) and/or NaCl and also with paraquat and proline at the stage of 4–5 true leaves. The paraquat solution (1 ml containing 0.1 μmol of the agent) was applied to the leaf surface; NaCl (200 mM) and proline (the final concentration of 5 mM) were added to nutrient medium. Experimental plants were firstly kept in darkness for 12 h, then illuminated, and in 3, 6, and 12 h, leaves and roots were fixed for biochemical analyses. The results obtained are in agreement with the supposition of proline antioxidant properties. In particular, it was established that paraquat induced a slight increase in the proline level in the leaves during dark period of plant growth and also during subsequent 3 h after light switching on. This transient proline accumulation in the leaves was accompanied by its level decrease in the roots. Proline addition to the nutrient medium of paraquat-treated plants neutralized paraquat damaging action on the leaves. In the presence of paraquat, proline treatment reduced the accumulation in the roots of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, the product of membrane lipid peroxidation. It also affected indirectly the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and free, covalently bound, and ionically bound peroxidases. Keeping in mind that, in the presence of paraquat, superoxide-induced changes in SOD activity in the roots were negatively correlated with the level of proline, which content was the highest during the last hours of experiments, we can conclude that proline antioxidant effects are manifested only after 12 h of stressor action, whereas antioxidant enzymes are involved in ROS scavenging during the earlier stage of damaging factor action.     

3种药赏两用植物对滨海盐碱土改良效应的比较

为比较种植药赏两用植物对滨海盐碱土的改良效应,采用实生栽培方法种植了薄荷(Mentha haplocalyxBriq.)、地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis L.)和枸杞(Lycium chinense Mill.)1年生植株,对不同土层的pH值以及可溶性盐和主要离子含量的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明:种植3种植物后,0～10、10～20和20～30 cm土层的pH值以及可溶性盐、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-和SO42-含量均有不同程度的变化,且以0～10 cm土层的变化相对明显,并且各土层的离子组成也有所改变。种植3种植物后,0～10和10～20 cm土层的pH值以及0～10 cm土层的可溶性盐含量均低于对照,其中,地榆种植土壤pH值及枸杞种植土壤可溶性盐含量的降低效应最明显。种植3种植物后,各土层的Ca2+含量及10～20和20～30 cm土层的K+和Mg2+含量均极显著高于对照,各土层的Na+含量及0～10 cm土层的Cl-含量、10～20和20～30 cm土层的SO42-含量均极显著低于对照;不同土层的K+/Na+值均高于对照、(K++Na+)/(Ca2++Mg2+)值均低于对照、主要阳离子(Ca2+、K+和Mg2+)的交换量总和均明显增加。总体上,地榆和枸杞对土壤中K+及Ca2+和Mg2+含量、K+/Na+值、主要阳离子(Ca2+、K+和Mg2+)交换量总和的提高效应以及对Na+含量、(K++Na+)/(Ca2++Mg2+)值的降低作用均较强,而薄荷的作用均较弱。研究结果显示:供试的3种药赏两用植物对盐碱地均具有明显的改良作用,其中枸杞和地榆的改良效果较好。     

Hyperaccumulator Oilcake Manure as an Alternative for Chelate-Induced Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Alluvial Soils

The ability of hyperaccumulator oilcake manure as compared to chelates was investigated by growing Calendula officinalis L for phytoremediation of cadmium and lead contaminated alluvial soil. The combinatorial treatment T₆ [2.5 g kg^?1oilcake manure + 5 mmol kg^?1 EDDS] caused maximum cadmium accumulation in root, shoot and flower up to 5.46, 4.74 and 1.37 mg kg^?1and lead accumulation up to 16.11, 13.44 and 3.17 mg kg^?1, respectively at Naini dump site, Allahabad (S₃). The treatment showed maximum remediation efficiency for Cd (RR = 0.676%) and Pb (RR = 0.202%) at Mumfordganj contaminated site (S₂). However, the above parameters were also observed at par with the treatment T₅ [2.5 g kg^?1oilcake manure +2 g kg^?1 humic acid]. Applied EDDS altered chlorophyll–a, chlorophyll–b, and carotene contents of plants while application of oilcake manure enhanced their contents in plant by 3.73–8.65%, 5.81–17.65%, and 7.04–17.19%, respectively. The authors conclude that Calendula officinalis L has potential to be safely grown in moderately Cd and Pb-contaminated soils and application of hyperaccumulator oilcake manure boosts the photosynthetic pigments of the plant, leading to enhanced clean-up of the cadmium and lead-contaminated soils. Hence, the hyperaccumulator oilcake manure should be preferred over chelates for sustainable phytoremediation through soil-plant rhizospheric process.     

石刁柏花粉离体培养及再生植株的研究

对石刁柏花粉粒进行离体培养,用ＭＳ基本培养基,激素ＮＡＡ０．５ｐｐｍ／Ｌ,花粉粒开始启动,形成细胞团,产生了愈伤组织,经去分化而形成单倍体植株（ｎ＝１０）。同时对花药壁,植物激素在花粉粒发育中的作用及再生植物染色体倍性问题进行研究。本文为选育超雄株在理论与实践方面均进行了探讨。     

外源腐胺对石刁柏愈伤组织胚性能力的影响

石刁柏胚性愈伤组织继代过程中,添加浓度为10 mg·L^-1的外源腐胺能有效地保持愈伤组织的胚胎发生能力,并减少愈伤组织的褐化,但不能提高愈伤组织的体细胞胚的诱导率.腐胺处理过的胚性愈伤组织的内源腐胺含量明显提高.这可能是外源腐胺保持细胞胚性、降低褐化程度的原因.     

Patterns of Fusarium community structure and abundance in relation to spatial, abiotic and biotic factors in soil

Members of the Fusarium genus are important components of many plant–soil systems worldwide and are responsible for many crop diseases. Knowledge of the relative influence of biotic and abiotic factors on this genus is therefore of broad economic and ecological importance. In order to address this issue, we examined Fusarium communities in soils nearby apparently healthy and symptomatic asparagus plants in 50 fields scattered in four agricultural regions of Québec, Canada. Fusarium community structure and abundance were assessed using genus-specific PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and CFU counts, respectively. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to detect community patterns related to spatial, abiotic and biotic factors. Results suggested that Fusarium community structure (i.e. the presence and absence of the different Fusarium sequence variants in the samples) in soil is mainly related to biotic factors (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacterial community structure), whereas Fusarium abundance is more closely related to abiotic factors (mainly clay, organic matter, NH₄, Na and Cu). Some degree of influence of spatial patterns was also observed on both Fusarium community structure and abundance with, for instance, a large regional variation in Fusarium community structure. However, Fusarium community structure was not directly related to the disease status of nearby asparagus plants.