中国河北省卢龙地区猪札如病毒的基因多样性

Porcine sapoviruses (SaVs),which belong to the family Caliciviridae,have been considered potential zoonotic agents for human infection,and several cases have been reported in Asian countries. In this study,a total of 200 porcine fecal samples collected from Lulong county of China were tested. Among 200 samples,porcine sapoviruses were detected by RT-PCR in 17 samples (8.5%) showing their circulation in China. 14 out of 17 positive sapovirus strains were genetically related to the genogroup III (GIII) and we...     

Intestinal Parasitosis in Relation to Anti-Retroviral Therapy,CD4+ T-cell Count and Diarrhea in HIV Patients

Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the major causes of diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive individuals. Antiretroviral therapy has markedly reduced the incidence of many opportunistic infections, but parasite-related diarrhea still remains frequent and often underestimated especially in developing countries. The present hospital-based study was conducted to determine the spectrum of intestinal parasitosis in adult HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) patients with or without diarrhea with the levels of CD4⁺ T-cell counts. A total of 400 individuals were enrolled and were screened for intestinal parasitosis. Of these study population, 200 were HIV seropositives, and the remaining 200 were HIV uninfected individuals with or without diarrhea. Intestinal parasites were identified by using microscopy as well as PCR assay. A total of 130 (32.5%) out of 400 patients were positive for any kinds of intestinal parasites. The cumulative number of parasite positive patients was 152 due to multiple infections. A significant association of Cryptosporidium (P<0.001) was detected among individuals with CD4⁺ T-cell counts less than 200 cells/μl.     

Keratins modulate colonocyte electrolyte transport via protein mistargeting

The function of intestinal keratins is unknown, although keratin 8 (K8)-null mice develop colitis, hyperplasia, diarrhea, and mistarget jejunal apical markers. We quantified the diarrhea in K8-null stool and examined its physiologic basis. Isolated crypt-units from K8-null and wild-type mice have similar viability. K8-null distal colon has normal tight junction permeability and paracellular transport but shows decreased short circuit current and net Na absorption associated with net Cl secretion, blunted intracellular Cl/HCO3-dependent pH regulation, hyperproliferation and enlarged goblet cells, partial loss of the membrane-proximal markers H,K-ATPase-beta and F-actin, increased and redistributed basolateral anion exchanger AE1/2 protein, and redistributed Na-transporter ENaC-gamma. Diarrhea and protein mistargeting are observed 1-2 d after birth while hyperproliferation/inflammation occurs later. The AE1/2 changes and altered intracellular pH regulation likely account, at least in part, for the ion transport defects and hyperproliferation. Therefore, colonic keratins have a novel function in regulating electrolyte transport, likely by targeting ion transporters to their cellular compartments.     

2009年全国其他感染性腹泻报告病例分析

目的了解我国2009年其他感染性腹泻的流行特点和病原学信息,提出改善建议,为更好的控制其他感染性腹泻病的流行提供数据支持。方法收集中国疾病控制信息系统"疾病监测信息报告管理系统"中2009年其他感染性腹泻的病例报告,对其流行病学及病原学信息进行描述性统计分析。结果 2009年全国共报告655 965例其他感染性腹泻病例,其中≤5岁儿童分别占报告总病例的50.38%和死亡病例的70.0%。实验室确诊病例占报告病例数的5.04%,其中病毒性感染占92.79%,细菌性感染占6.92%。结论≤5岁的散居儿童应为其他感染性腹泻的重点监测人群。其他感染性腹泻报告病例中约有95%为临床诊断病例。我国其他感染性腹泻的病原学诊断率及病原学诊断结果的报告率亟待提高。     

Study on the age-dependent tissue expression of FUT1 gene in porcine and its relationship to E. coli F18 receptor

Escherichia coli (E. coli) that produces adhesin F18 is the main pathogen responsible for porcine post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease. The receptor for E. coli F18 has not been described in pigs, however the alpha (1,2)-fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene on chromosome 6 has been proposed as a candidate. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the relationship between FUT1 gene expression and E. coli F18 receptor in Sutai pigs of different ages (8-, 18-, 30- and 35-day-old). FUT1 gene expression was detected in 11 pig tissues with the highest level in lung, and expressed consistently at the four time points. In most tissues, FUT1 gene expression levels decreased from days 8 to 18, then continually increased on days 30 and 35, with expression around weaning time higher than that on day 8. Gene ontology and pathway analysis showed that FUT1 was involved in 32 biological processes, mainly those integral to the membrane, or involved in glycosylation, as well as regulation of binding, interestingly participating in three pathways related to glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. From this analysis and the high linkage disequilibrium between the FUT1 gene and the E. coli F18 receptor locus, we can speculate that higher expression of the FUT1 gene in small intestine is beneficial to the formation of receptors to the E. coli F18 strain and is related to the sensitivity to the pathogen.     

三种检测婴幼儿腹泻A组轮状病毒的方法学评价

目的对婴幼儿腹泻A组轮状病毒的三种不同检测方法进行评价。方法同时采用胶体金、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）对浙江萧山医院1周320份腹泻患儿的标本进行轮状病毒检测,然后进行方法学比较。结果三种方法的阳性检出率分别为36．3％、48．1％和42．8％,经卡方检验三种方法的检出率之间差异均存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）;以琼脂糖凝胶电泳为检测的最终标准,RT-PCR的敏感性为88．9％,特异性达100％;胶体金法的敏感性71．4％,特异性达96．4％。结论胶体金法检测轮状病毒的敏感性和特异性能够满足临床上对轮状病毒快速筛检的要求;PT-PCR法的敏感性和特异性均最高,既可用于临床检测,又是轮状病毒血清G、基因P分型的重要手段,在对无菌体液和环境样本中轮状病毒的检测具有不可比拟的优势。     

美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效观察

目的:观察美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效.方法:将79例老年人抗生素相关性腹泻患者随机分为2组,对照组为常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用美常安治疗.结果:治疗组患者的总有效率明显高于对照组,2组有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻疗效显著.     

2002年至2007年太原地区儿童细菌性腹泻病原菌分布及耐药分析

目的了解太原地区近6年儿童细菌性腹泻病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法对临床诊断细菌性腹泻病,便培养已分离到病原菌1080例作回顾性分析,分析其病原菌的分布及耐药情况。结果埃希菌属486株（45％）,居于首位,前5位的病原菌依次为埃希菌属、肠球菌属、酵母样真菌、志贺菌属、假单胞菌属。各年均以大肠埃希菌为主要检出菌,志贺菌逐年减少。年龄分布中,婴儿的构成比最高（44．4％）。埃希菌属、志贺菌属、假单胞菌属、沙门菌属、气单胞菌属此5种杆菌对13种抗生素的平均耐药率依次为舒普深、痢特灵、头孢他啶、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、丁胺卡那、头孢噻肟、诺氟沙星、头孢呋辛、哌拉西林、头孢唑啉。从埃希菌属近6年的耐药性变迁资料可以看出,对13种抗生素的耐药率均有不同程度上升。结论传统的致病菌志贺菌属、沙门菌属较少,而肠球菌属、假单胞菌属、枸橼酸杆菌属、克雷伯杆菌属、肠杆菌属、酵母样真菌等条件致病菌肠炎占有相当比例。各种致病菌的耐药性增加,第三代头孢除头孢他啶的耐药率较低外,其余都较高。提示应严格掌握抗生素用药指证,合理选用抗生素。