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51.
L. J. Schep I. G. Tucker G. Young R. Ledger A. G. Butt 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1998,168(8):562-568
This study characterised the permeability of the salmonid posterior intestine in vivo, to two hydrophilic markers of different
molecular weight, both in the presence and absence of sodium deoxycholate (SDA), and determined the influence of mucosal secretions.
The posterior intestine of chinook salmon was cannulated with a balloon catheter and the lumen infused with a solution of
fluorescein and 14C-mannitol. In treated fish, the solution also contained 5.0 mmol · l−1 SDA. Blood samples from the dorsal aorta were taken at regular time intervals over 3 h. Clearances and volumes of distribution
were assessed by intravenous administration of the markers to another group of fish. In the absence of SDA, low permeabilities
were recorded for both markers; however, permeabilities for both were significantly greater in the treated groups. Both solutes
had volumes of distribution similar to values reported elsewhere. Metabolism of fluorescein by the liver resulted in its plasma
clearance. In contrast, elimination of mannitol was negligible during the study period, probably due to the lowered glomerular
filtration rates observed in sea water adapted fish. Compared to in vitro investigations, in vivo mucus secretions were significantly
lower and solute delivery across the epithelium was higher. Results from these in vivo investigations have implications for
the oral delivery of peptides to salmonids.
Accepted: 6 August 1998 相似文献
52.
53.
V. I. Khorevin 《Neurophysiology》2008,40(3):167-177
Central projections of the lagena were studied in the pigeon using transport of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) that was
locally applied to the lagenar epithelium through the opened cochlear canal. Descending (dorsocaudal part) and superior (middle
part) vestibular nuclei were the main rhombencephalon structures with the maximum density of labeled fibers and terminals.
Lesser numbers of labeled fibers were observed in the ventral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus and also in the medial
vestibular nucleus; single labeled fibers were found in the cochlear nuclei. In the cases where BDA diffused not only in the
lagena but also on the basilar papilla after application of the marker to the cochlear canal, considerable numbers of labeled
fibers were observed in the cochlear nuclei; apart from this, the pattern of distribution of labeled fibers in the vestibular
nuclei did not differ in general from that described above (in the case of a sufficiently local application of BDA only to
the lagena). Efferent lagenar neurons were localized ventrally with respect to the vestibular nuclei, in particular in the
nucl. reticularis pontis caudalis.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 199–210, May–June, 2008. 相似文献
54.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(7):1932-1935
The effect of lactoperoxidase (LPO) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was examined in mice. After 9 d of colitis induction, weight loss, colon shortening, and the histological score were significantly suppressed in mice orally administered LPO (62.5 mg/body/d) as compared to a group administered bovine serum albumin. These results suggest that LPO exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
55.
Feng Xue Zhoushan Wu Jinrong Tong Jialun Zheng 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2017,81(10):1891-1898
This study investigated the effects of high-intensity ultrasound and glycosylation on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of buckwheat protein isolate (BPI). The covalent attachment of dextran to BPI was confirmed by examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Emulsifying properties of the conjugates obtained by ultrasound treatment were improved as compared to those obtained by classical heating. Structural feature analyses suggested that conjugates obtained by ultrasound treatment had less α-helix and more random coil, higher surface hydrophobicity and less compact tertiary structure as compared to those obtained by classical heating. The surface activity measurement revealed that the BPI–dextran conjugates obtained by ultrasound treatment were closely packed and that each molecule occupied a small area of the interface. Combination of ultrasonic treatment and glycosylation was proved to be an efficient way to develop new stabilizers and thickening agents for food in this study. 相似文献
56.
57.
Ashley J. Russo Bharat Behl Ishita Banerjee Vijay A.K. Rathinam 《Journal of molecular biology》2018,430(2):207-216
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-molecular complexes that sense intracellular microbial danger signals and metabolic perturbations. Inflammasome activation leads to the activation of caspase-1 and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 accompanied by cell death. An inflammasome-based surveillance machinery for Gram-negative bacterial infections has been recently discovered. This noncanonical inflammasome relies on sensing the cytosolic presence of lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria via inflammatory caspases such as caspase-4, -5, and -11. This review discusses the recent findings related to the mechanism of activation of the noncanonical inflammasome and its biological functions. 相似文献
58.
59.
Essential roles of high-mobility group box 1 in the development of murine colitis and colitis-associated cancer 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Maeda S Hikiba Y Shibata W Ohmae T Yanai A Ogura K Yamada S Omata M 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2007,360(2):394-400
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear factor released extracellularly as a proinflammatory cytokine. We measured the HMGB1 concentration in the sera of mice with chemically induced colitis (DSS; dextran sulfate sodium salt) and found a marked increase. Inhibition of HMGB1 by neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibody resulted in reduced inflammation in DSS-treated colons. In macrophages, HMGB1 induces several proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, which are regulated by NF-kappaB activation. Two putative sources of HMGB1 were explored: in one, bacterial factors induce HMGB1 secretion from macrophages and in the other, necrotic epithelial cells directly release HMGB1. LPS induced a small amount of HMGB1 in macrophages, but macrophages incubated with supernatant prepared from necrotic cells and containing large amounts of HMGB1 activated NF-kappaB and induced IL-6. Using the colitis-associated cancer model, we demonstrated that neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibody decreases tumor incidence and size. These observations suggest that HMGB1 is a potentially useful target for IBD treatment and the prevention of colitis-associated cancer. 相似文献
60.
Jean Witz 《Analytical biochemistry》1999,270(2):201-206
I examined the penetration of the hydrodynamic flow into a polymer matrix immobilized by grafting to a surface, such as used in optical biosensors designed to measure binding reactions in real time. I show that the flow penetrates with an appreciable velocity into a region located at the tip of such a polymer brush, corresponding to about 10 to 15% of the total mass of the grafted polymer. Furthermore, under the conditions recommended for kinetic measurements, the concentrations of both polymer and immobilized ligands are low in these regions of the matrix, where crowding effects are negligible. Under such conditions, the hydrodynamic flow penetrating into the dextran matrix flow will bring the analytes close to their targets, thus considerably reducing transport problems. 相似文献