西双版纳榕树资源利用现状与开发前景

本文介绍了云南西双版纳地区榕树资源状况榕树种类、生物学特性、当地少数民族对它们的利用现状 ,并对其开发利用前景和存在的问题作了探讨。     

安徽宿州大方寺林区植物种类及其资源的初步调查

大方寺位于淮北平原萄丘陵地带,天然次生林属于暖温带叶阔叶林。由于自然条件复杂,植物种类丰富,木本植物130余种,草本植物100余种;植被类型多种多样,主要群落为：青檀（Pterooeltis tatarinowii）、牡荆（Witex negundo）、华隐子草（Cleistogenes chinensis）群落,栓皮栎（Quercus wvriabilis）、五角枫（Acer mono）、牡荆（Vitex negundo）裂稃草（Schizachyrium brevifolium）群落和黄连木（Pistacia chinensis）、五角枫（Acer mono）、扁担杆（Creuia biloba）、沿阶草（Ophiopogon bodinievi）群落等三种。大方寺植物资源丰富,具有用材经济植物的约60余种,药用植物200余种,香料及密源植物10余种,纤维植物30余种,庭园观赏植物40余种。     

抗病转基因育种中基因资源的应用与研究进展

植物病害的防治是农业生产的主要环节,抗病育种是一个关键而有效的解决方法.随着转基因育种的兴起,抗病转基因育种也得到了很大的发展.本文就近年来抗病转基因育种过程中所利用的基因资源进行综述,试图从抗菌物质、植物的抗性基因、代谢途径中的关键酶、各类激活蛋白和调控基因等方面阐述所利用基因资源的挖掘思路,总结各类抗病基因资源挖掘策略,探索性地提出一些今后可能应用的基因资源,拓宽可供挖掘的基因资源种类,提出合理有效的抗病基因资源克隆策略.     

柱花草种质资源研究进展

柱花草属（Stylosanthes Sw.）约含50个种（包括二倍体和多倍体）,染色体基数x=10,是热带和亚热带地区的优良豆科牧草,其中圭亚那柱花草（S.guianensisSw.）、有钩柱花草（S.hamata（L.）Taub.）、西卡柱花草（S.scabra Vog.）、矮柱花草（S.humilis Kunth）和灌木柱花草（S.seabrana B.L.Maass＆＇tMannetje）的种植面积最广。由于柱花草产量高、营养丰富、栽培容易且用途广泛（可用于青稞饲料、调制干草和干草粉、牧地种植、果树间种、水土保持及绿肥等）,被许多国家用于热带和亚热带农业生产中,如亚洲的中国、印度、泰国和马来西亚等,澳洲的澳大利亚,美洲的美国、哥伦比亚、巴西和古巴,以及非洲的尼日利亚等。该文对柱花草种质资源的系统学、种质收集、评价、利用及育种等方面的研究进展进行了系统的概括和归纳,并展望了当前柱花草研究的热点领域和亟待解决的问题。     

大亮子河国家森林公园野生浆果资源产业化开发利用前景分析

为了摸清大亮子河具有开发利用价值的野生浆果资源的种类、分布、用途及蕴藏量,我们于2005—2007年6—9月,通过线路调查、样地调查和访问调查的方法,对该地区野生浆果资源进行了研究。结果表明该地区有开发利用价值的野生浆果资源达20种,隶属19属14科。并对该地区野生浆果资源的产业化开发利用潜力和优势进行了深入分析,认为该地区野生浆果资源开发利用具有广阔的市场前景,最后提出开发利用过程中需要注意的问题。因此,本研究可为今后大亮子河野生浆果资源的可持续开发利用和合理保护提供科学依据。     

Cultivating participatory policy processes for genetic resources policy: lessons from the Genetic Resources Policy Initiative (GRPI) project

The purpose of the paper is to draw lessons and document experiences from the Genetic Resources Policy Initiative (GRPI) project, a project which has been underway in six countries and two sub-regions during the last 5 years. Its focus has been to experiment an approach to participatory policy processes, coined by the project, called the multi-stakeholder, multi-disciplinary and multi-sector or in short the 3M. This approach, which was demand-driven due to the nature of the policy problems being examined, aims to create a platform to address competing interests inherent in genetic resources issues from multiple perspectives. It is meant to enable different stakeholders to balance issues they diverge and/or converge upon in genetic resources management, thereby harmonizing trade-offs, objectives and strategies. Experiences from the project in applying the 3M in Egypt, Nepal, Vietnam Peru and Zambia highlight several lessons in participatory policy processes. The experiences show that the success or otherwise of participatory policy making processes is dependent on various factors that have to do with stakeholder capacities, process orientation, shared understanding versus vested interests and institutional functions. They highlight that the most effective approach to stakeholder engagement in policy processes is to construct them around an actively engaged ‘process leader’ that possesses, or has the potential to champion the process by mobilising the required cognitive knowledge and institutional engagement. They further suggest that since genetic resources policy issues are cross-cutting, they will demand a more holistic approach with a clear identification of impact pathways through which policy changes can be expected to influence the outcome variables. Since policy making processes are perpetual, the question of sustaining project ideas and recommendations beyond the life of a project has to be part of the planning exercise in any participatory genetic resources policy research and formulation.

Habitat use and home range size of red foxes in Prince Edward Island (Canada) based on snow-tracking and radio-telemetry data

There is a lack of information regarding the ecology and behaviour of red foxes that can be used to elaborate effective management programs for this species on Prince Edward Island (Canada). The main goal of this study was to provide baseline information on habitat selection and home range size of red foxes on Prince Edward Island. Data were collected from snow-tracking and radio-telemetry sessions conducted in two study sites (including one site within Prince Edward Island National Park). Our results indicated that red foxes selected for roads and human-use areas during both the breeding and the kit-rearing seasons in the park. Outside the park, however, the data failed to conclusively show that foxes have a unique preference for human-use habitats or roads. Forests were selected against in both study sites. Although roads are frequently visited by foxes during the kit-rearing season in the park, each individual fox typically stays in this habitat only for short periods of time (< 15 min). This finding suggests that foraging efficiency along the roads is very high possibly reflecting the abundance of anthropogenic food sources. Overall, we present the largest amount of data on habitat selection ever collected for red foxes in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Our results show that food sources in human-use areas and roads are altering the selection and/or use of habitats of red foxes in some areas of Prince Edward Island.     

Impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge and quality in the southwestern US

Humans have exerted large‐scale changes on the terrestrial biosphere, primarily through agriculture; however, the impacts of such changes on the hydrologic cycle are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the conversion of natural rangeland ecosystems to agricultural ecosystems impacts the subsurface portion of the hydrologic cycle by changing groundwater recharge and flushing salts to underlying aquifers. The hypothesis was examined through point and areal studies investigating the effects of land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes on groundwater recharge and solute transport in the Amargosa Desert (AD) in Nevada and in the High Plains (HP) in Texas, US. Studies use the fact that matric (pore‐water‐pressure) potential and environmental‐tracer profiles in thick unsaturated zones archive past changes in recharging fluxes. Results show that recharge is related to LU/LC as follows: discharge through evapotranspiration (i.e., no recharge; upward fluxes <0.1 mm yr^?1) in natural rangeland ecosystems (low matric potentials; high chloride and nitrate concentrations); moderate‐to‐high recharge in irrigated agricultural ecosystems (high matric potentials; low‐to‐moderate chloride and nitrate concentrations) (AD recharge: ～130–640 mm yr^?1); and moderate recharge in nonirrigated (dryland) agricultural ecosystems (high matric potentials; low chloride and nitrate concentrations, and increasing groundwater levels) (HP recharge: ～9–32 mm yr^?1). Replacement of rangeland with agriculture changed flow directions from upward (discharge) to downward (recharge). Recent replacement of rangeland with irrigated ecosystems was documented through downward displacement of chloride and nitrate fronts. Thick unsaturated zones contain a reservoir of salts that are readily mobilized under increased recharge related to LU/LC changes, potentially degrading groundwater quality. Sustainable land use requires quantitative knowledge of the linkages between ecosystem change, recharge, and groundwater quality.     

初夏格西沟自然保护区菌类资源调查研究工——大型菌类的鉴定与分布

目的：对四川省雅江县格西沟自然保护区大型菌类资源种类、茼类分布状况和经济与医药价值进行调查。方法：对保护区内大型菌类的调查主要采用走样线法采集茼类标本,以子实体形态为主,孢子、茼丝形态鉴别为辅进行菌种鉴定。结果：在格西沟自然保护区共走21条样线,采集茼类标本185号,鉴定为18科45种,大型茼粪资源主要分布在高山草甸、硬绿常绿阔叶林、针叶阔叶混交林、针叶林等四种生境。结论：保护区具有丰富的菌类种类,菌类的分布与保护区的各种生境密切相关。