天然彩色棉研究现状与展望

本文通过天然彩色棉的种质资源、纤维颜色的遗传控制、国内外天然彩色棉研究趋势的叙述,指出以常规育种与生物技术的密切结合是未来天然彩色棉发展的方向,将推动天然彩色棉纤维品质改良和颜色创新的飞跃发展。     

广西黄花倒水莲资源调查及总皂苷含量比较

对广西黄花倒水莲(PolygalafallaxHemsl.)资源现状进行了调查,并采用香草醛 高氯酸比色法测定了不同产地黄花倒水莲不同部位的总皂苷含量,基本弄清了黄花倒水莲在广西的资源分布、生长环境及目前民间药用情况。总皂苷含量测定结果表明:根、茎和叶中总皂苷含量存在较大差异,依次为:根>叶>茎;各产地间含量差异较小。     

湖南野生木本观赏植物资源及利用

湖南有维管束植物5500余种(含变种,下同),其中野生木本观赏植物1200余种。笔者根据湖南木本观赏植物自然分布规律．将湖南野生木本观赏植物划分为4个类型．即中温型、低温型、耐寒型、广温型。对湖南主要的野生木本观赏植物如针叶类(39种)、茶属(31种)．冬青属(68种)、兰花类(86种)、杜鹃花属(54种)、槭树属(42种)等种类较多的类群进行了探讨,并对它们的观赏特性、抗寒性和选育潜力也进行了研究．提出了开发利用的建议。     

云南野生鸢尾属植物种质资源及观赏应用

对云南野生鸢尾属植物的资源情况、分布、生态习性和生物学特性等进行了调查研究。结果表明云南有野生鸢尾属植物19种。大多数分布于西北部和中部。在较湿润的土壤上生长良好。花大色艳。观赏价值较高。据此提出了鸢尾的多种观赏应用形式。     

AFLP技术及其在茶树种质资源研究中的应用(综述)

AFLP分子标记技术具有快速、方便、分辨率高、重复性好等优点,在茶树种质资源研究中应用潜力很大。本文简要介绍AFLP分析技术的原理、特点与进展,并综述近年来AFLP标记技术在茶树种质资源研究中的应用。     

Aggressive behaviours of female Drosophila melanogaster are influenced by their social experience and food resources

Abstract Aggressive behaviours of female Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were studied in the laboratory. These behaviours included 'approach', a seemingly intentional movement of a fly to another fly, 'lunge', a dash at another fly, and 'wings erect', a brief erection of wings toward another fly. These behaviours were influenced by social experience and food resources. First, event frequencies of aggressive behaviours were higher in flies that had been held in isolation than in those that had been held in crowded conditions. This difference was the result of the social experience of attacking flies and not that of attacked flies. Second, flies showed aggressive behaviours more frequently when they were on food containing yeast colonies than when they were on food without yeast colonies. Third, flies conditioned to a food solution containing live yeast prior to observation showed lower frequency of aggressive behaviours than flies conditioned to a boiled food solution. Development of aggressive behaviours became apparent one day after eclosion.     

资源异质性环境中三种匍匐茎草本植物克隆内资源共享和分株功能特化(英文)

研究了 3种来自中国北方林下、草地和碱化草甸匍匐茎型克隆草本植物绢毛匍匐委陵菜 (PotentillareptansL .var.sericophyllaFranch .)、鹅绒委陵菜 (P .anserinaL .)和金戴戴 (Halerpestesruthenica (Jacq .)Qvcz .)对由高光照低养分斑块和低光照高养分斑块组成的资源交互斑块性生境的适应性对策。当生长于高光照低养分条件下分株(HL分株 )与生长于低光照高养分条件下分株 (LH分株 )之间的匍匐茎连接时 ,3种克隆植物HL分株、LH分株以及整个分株对系统 (HL分株 LH分株 )的生物量均得到显著提高。同时 ,LH分株根冠比显著增加 ,而HL分株根冠比显著下降。这表明 ,当互连分株置于由低光照高养分斑块和高光照低养分斑块组成的异质性环境中时 ,3种植物克隆分株均发生了环境诱导的功能特化。克隆内资源共享以及克隆内不同分株的功能特化有利于整个分株系统对局部丰富资源的获取 ,从而能够缓解资源交互斑块性生境对克隆植物的不利影响     

Competition for Resources and Its Behavioral Consequences Among Female Primates

Via the current model on the evolutionary ecology of female social relationships, Sterck et al. (1997) argue that ecological conditions determine how competition over food resources affects female fitness. The relative importance of different modes of competition then affects female social relationships and dispersal patterns. I outline the model and review relevant data. There are 3 modes of feeding competition: within-group scramble (WGS), within-group contest (WGC), and between-group contest (BGC), which occur in various combinations in different populations of nonhuman primates. Ecological measures support predictions that limiting resources lead to WGS and clumped resources induce WGC. The ecological basis of BGC remains elusive, but it is probably linked to resource abundance. Tests of the proxies of feeding competition support the idea that short-term search substrates and increasing group size lead to WGS, while high-quality patches of intermediate size relative to group size lead to WGC. However, when tested across populations, independent measures of aggression rates do not always match the actual or presumed competitive regimes. This mismatch might be explained by confounding factors and the predominately indirect measures of feeding competition. Predicted relationships between feeding competition and female social relationships/dispersal are only partly supported. This might be attributed to the fact that few studies have taken ultimate approaches using mechanistic correlates of fitness (net energy gain) or lifetime reproductive success to measure consequences of feeding competition. But to resolve existing inconsistencies, additional factors need to be taken into account as well, for example, male sexual strategies may affect female feeding competition; constraints on group size may enforce female dispersal; and demography may alter rates of alliances. More explicitly, ultimate approaches are needed to test the consistency of the socioecological model.     

鄱阳湖渔业资源现状及其环境监测

1997－1999年对鄱阳湖区渔业资源与环境进行了动态监测,统计渔获物2778kg,生物学测定1627尾,采集到鱼类122种,隶属于12目21科77属,其中鲤科鱼类种类最多,计65种,占53．3％,湖区渔获物个体偏小,以1－2龄鱼为主,鲤、鲫基本上是当年鱼,鄱阳湖现有鲤,鲫产卵场33处,主要分布在湖区东,南,西部,年均有效产卵面积616．66km^2,年均产卵量56．85亿,鄱阳湖区湖口,蛤蟆石,星子,康山水域湖水的pH,COD,Cr^ 6,Cd,Zn,Cu,Pb,总磷,氨氮,总汞均未超过渔业水质标准,鄱阳湖区水质良好。     

自然资源生态伦理观及其可持续发展

首先论述了自然资源的定义和主要特点,并从生态论理道德的角度对人与自然资源的关系进行了讨论,认为当代人承担着为子孙后代留有生存和发展充分空间的道义责任和义务,满足当代人的利益需求和维护子后代的利益需求是同等重要的,文中还指出把生态伦理观纳入人类对自然资源的保护、开发和可持续发展的实践中,有着重要的理论和现实意义,此外,对自然资源可持续发展的途径和主要措施也进行了讨论。