热带亚热带26种蕨类植物的吸收根解剖特征

植物吸收根的生理功能是从土壤中吸收水分和营养物质, 研究其解剖结构有助于揭示植物的环境适应策略。热带亚热带地区蕨类植物丰富, 生态和经济价值较高, 但目前对这一重要植物类群的吸收根解剖特征的研究仍然缺乏。该研究测定了分布在热带亚热带地区4种典型森林的共26种蕨类植物吸收根的解剖特征, 分析它们的种间差异, 结合系统发育与全球自然分布区的气候因子解释根系性状的变异。同时, 通过收集亚热带木本被子植物和温带蕨类植物相关的已发表数据, 比较不同类群的根系性状相关关系的差异。结果表明: (1)这些蕨类植物吸收根特征的种间差异显著, 8个根系性状的种间变异系数范围为20.61%-41.75%。(2)除皮层厚度外根系性状无显著的系统发育信号, 说明性状变异受系统发育的影响较小; 气候因子显著影响根系特征, 根直径和皮层厚度随着最干月(季)降水量减少而增大。(3)随着吸收根直径的减小, 亚热带木本被子植物趋于具有更低的皮层厚度/中柱直径比值, 而蕨类植物则相反; 与温带蕨类相比, 该研究中蕨类植物具有更大的根直径、皮层厚度和管胞直径。该研究有助于提高对热带亚热带蕨类植物根系生理生态适应性的认识。     

阴山山脉天然侧柏林的基本特征

阴山山脉是中国天然侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)林分布的西北界, 侧柏林也是阴山山脉最主要的森林群落之一。它具有较好的固坡、保土、涵养水源及改善生境的作用。为了解阴山山脉天然侧柏林种群、群落特征和空间分布规律以更好地为侧柏林的经营提供理论依据, 我们以阴山山脉大青山及乌拉山段天然侧柏林为研究对象, 通过样方调查, 分析了侧柏林的植物区系特征, 并根据群落各层片物种优势度将该区侧柏林划分为6个群丛类型, 分析了各群丛特征及其空间分布的生态序列。结果表明: (1)阴山山脉天然侧柏林群落共出现维管植物96种, 隶属于30科70属, 种的地理成分包括8个类型18个亚型, 其中东古北极分布最多, 其次为东亚分布; (2)从群落结构分析, 发育良好的侧柏群落表现为完整的乔木层和草本层, 灌木盖度普遍偏低, 基本不能成层, 在干扰较为严重的地段甚至消失; (3)各群丛侧柏的径级结构基本呈正态分布, 属于稳定的群落类型, 侧柏的平均株高随胸径的增大整体呈增长型; (4)该区侧柏林受干扰较严重, 加之严酷的生境条件, 建群种侧柏的平均胸径较小且植株分叉较多, 不适合作为用材林, 建议将其作为生态公益林及种源林加以保护利用。     

云南红河和保山两地区小蜜蜂巢房结构比较研究

【目的】本研究旨在对自然环境条件明显不同的云南红河和保山两地区小蜜蜂Apis florea巢房结构进行量化分析,以期揭示这两个地区间小蜜蜂巢房结构的差异性。【方法】测量小蜜蜂子脾厚度、小蜜蜂巢脾上连续10个工蜂巢房的宽度;利用环氧树脂填充巢房,制作巢房模型,基于巢房模型比较两地区小蜜蜂工蜂和雄蜂单个巢房直径、口部边长、棱长、深度和容积及巢房倾斜角的差异。【结果】云南 红河地区小蜜蜂工蜂、雄蜂子脾厚度均极显著小于保山地区的。两地区小蜜蜂连续10个工蜂巢房的宽度在0°方向均显著大于60°和120°方向的宽度,60°和120°方向的宽度之间差异均不显著,两地区小蜜蜂工蜂单个巢房直径在3个方向上也表现出显著差异, 而两地区雄蜂单个巢房的直径在3个方向上均没有显著性差异。红河地区小蜜蜂工蜂巢房直径在3个方向上均显著小于保山地区的,而两地区小蜜蜂雄蜂巢房直径在3个方向上均差异不显著。红河地区小蜜蜂工蜂、雄蜂单个巢房口部边长、棱长、深度和容积均极显著小于保山地区的;两地区工蜂巢房的倾斜角差异不显著。【结论】小蜜蜂巢房的结构存在地区性差异,海拔高、温度低的地区小蜜蜂巢房结构尺寸明显大于海拔低、温度高地区的。本研究结果不仅丰富了小蜜蜂的生物学知识,也为后续研究小蜜蜂巢房结构指标与形态学指标关联性研究提供了思路。     

The influence of temperature on the binding of AMP to phosphorylase b

Equilibrium dialysis measurements have been performed at several temperatures, ranging from 5 to 30°C, to calculate the binding constants of AMP to phosphorylase b (EC 2.4.1.1). ΔH = ?10 kcal/mol and ΔS = ?6.4 e.u. have been obtained for the binding process. Measurements of enzymatic activity have been performed in the same temperature range. An activation energy of 16 kcal has been calculated for the enzyme-catalysed reaction. Absorption difference spectra induced by AMP in phosphorylace b when AMP is bound to its high affinity site have also been carried out at these temperatures. The equilibrium constant for the binding of AMP to phosphorylase b, the enzyme activity as well as the molar absorption coefficient of the absorption difference spectra studied show no discontinuity with temperature from 5 to 30°C.     

The size at reproduction of canopy tree species in central Africa

Size at reproduction is a key aspect of species life history that is relatively understudied for long‐lived tropical trees. Here, we quantified reproductive diameter for 31 major timber species across 11 sites in Cameroon, Congo, and Central African Republic. Specifically, we examined whether (1) between‐species variability is correlated with other species traits; (2) reproductive diameter varies within‐species among sites; (3) reproductive status varies with crown exposure; and (4) the minimum cutting diameter limits (MCDL) imposed by national forest regulations enable seed trees to persist after logging operations. Consistent with studies conducted elsewhere in the tropics, we found great variability in diameter at reproduction among species, which correlated with adult stature (maximum diameter and height). For some species, reproductive diameter thresholds substantially varied between sites, and crown exposure had a significant positive effect on reproductive status. Most MCDLs were found to be suitable, with trees having a high probability of being seed trees at MCDL. Our findings have implications for the sustainable management of production forests, and they highlight questionable MCDLs for some species and between‐site variation in reproductive diameter. The study also highlights the need for long‐term phenological monitoring of tree species spanning a large range of ecological strategies to address both theoretical (species life history, allocation trade‐offs) and practical questions (MCDL).     

Laser-heated needle for biopsy tract ablation: In vivo study of rabbit liver biopsy

PurposeTo investigate the efficacy of a newly-developed laser-heated core biopsy needle in the thermal ablation of biopsy tract to reduce hemorrhage after biopsy using in vivo rabbit’s liver model.Materials and methodsFive male New Zealand White rabbits weighed between 1.5 and 4.0 kg were anesthetized and their livers were exposed. 18 liver biopsies were performed under control group (without tract ablation, n = 9) and study group (with tract ablation, n = 9) settings. The needle insertion depth (~3 cm) and rate of retraction (~3 mm/s) were fixed in all the experiments. For tract ablation, three different needle temperatures (100, 120 and 150 °C) were compared. The blood loss at each biopsy site was measured by weighing the gauze pads before and after blood absorption. The rabbits were euthanized immediately and the liver specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for further histopathological examination (HPE).ResultsThe average blood loss in the study group was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The highest percentage of bleeding reduction was observed at the needle temperature of 150 °C (93.8%), followed by 120 °C (85.8%) and 100 °C (84.2%). The HPE results show that the laser-heated core biopsy needle was able to cause lateral coagulative necrosis up to 14 mm diameter along the ablation tract.ConclusionThe laser-heated core biopsy needle reduced hemorrhage up to 93.8% and induced homogenous coagulative necrosis along the ablation tract in the rabbits’ livers. This could potentially reduce the risk of tumor seeding in clinical settings.     

Noninvasive tool for optical online monitoring of individual biomass concentrations in a defined coculture

Cocultures bear great potential in the conversion of complex substrates and process intensification, as well as, in the formation of unique components only available due to inter-species interactions. Dynamic data of coculture composition is necessary for understanding and optimizing coculture systems. However, most standard online determined parameters measure the sum of all species in the reactor system. The kinetic behavior of the individual species remains unknown. Up to now, different offline methods are available to determine the culture composition, as well as the online measurement of fluorescence of genetically modified organisms. To avoid any genetic modification, a noninvasive online monitoring tool based on the scattered light spectrum was developed for microtiter plate cultivations. To demonstrate the potential, a coculture consisting of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis and the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus was cultivated. Via partial least squares regression of scattered light spectra, the online determination of the individual biomass concentrations without further sampling and analyses is possible. The results were successfully validated by a Coulter counter-analysis, taking advantage of the different cell sizes of both organisms. The findings prove the applicability of the new method to follow in detail the dynamics of a coculture.     

褐藻叶绿体的制备

在4℃条件下,采用CaCl₂溶液浸泡褐藻裙带菜（Undaria pinnatifida）的叶状体,观察CaCl₂溶液的浓度和浸泡时间对裙带菜叶绿体提取率及其荧光特性的影响.结果表明,裙带菜的叶状体经过CaCl₂溶液浸泡后,其叶绿体的提取率有明显地提高.根据裙带菜叶绿体的提取率和室温荧光发射光谱的测定结果,认为最适的方法是采用0.2 mol/L的CaCl₂溶液浸泡10 min.在这种条件下,裙带菜叶绿体的提取率是传统制备方法的5倍.室温荧光发射光谱的测定结果说明叶绿体的完整性较好.     

The effect of ampicillin on the electrophysical properties of Escherichia coli cells

The study of the effect of ampicillin on the electrophysical properties of Escherichia coli cells showed that this antibiotic influences the orientational spectra (OSs) of the ampicillin-susceptible E. coli strains K-12 and XL-1 within the frequency range 10–1000 kHz of the orienting electric field and does not affect the OSs of the ampicillin-resistant strains K-12(pUC-18) and XL-1(pHEN1). The change in the electrooptical signal of the ampicillin-susceptible cells was maximum at an ampicillin concentration of 50 µg/ml and did not depend on the exposure time. The conclusion is drawn that changes in the OSs of cells can be used to evaluate their resistance to ampicillin.Translated from Mikrobiologiya, Vol. 74, No. 1, 2005, pp. 126–131.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Guliy, Markina, Ignatov, Shchegolev, Zaitseva, Bunin, Ignatov.     

异穗卷柏的显微与近红外光谱鉴定研究

对两种不同类型的异穗卷柏(Selaginella heterostachysBaker)药材的外观形态、孢子与茎的显微特征及近红外光谱特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:两类异穗卷柏的植株性状虽有明显不同,但其孢子形态、茎的解剖特征及近红外漫反射光谱特征一致。研究结果为异穗卷柏物种分类与药材鉴定提供了依据。