流行性出血热病人尸检材料中的病毒包涵体

应用抗流行性出血热病毒多克隆及单克隆抗体结合敏感的方法在尸检组织切片上进行了免疫细胞化学染色,多克隆抗体可清楚地显示出尸检组织中病毒抗原阳性的包涵体结构。依光镜下染色的形态特点不同,可将包涵体分为四个类型即小泡型、大泡型、多泡型和实心型。单克隆抗体染色进一步证实,实心型及空泡型包涵体呈“N”抗原阳性,少数组织中空泡状包涵体也呈“G2”抗原阳性。病毒包涵体的出现可作为该病毒在人体细胞内感染及复制的形态学证据。     

Central and peripheral injections of ACTH (1–24) reduce fever in adrenalectomized rabbits

Central administration of ACTH (1-24) reduces fever in normal rabbits in doses that have no effect on afebrile body temperature. Previous experimental and clinical reports indicate that peripheral administration of both ACTH and corticosteroids reduces fever, and since central injection of corticosteroids can also lower fever it might be that the antipyretic effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) ACTH (1-24) is due to adrenal stimulation. To learn whether this endogenous central peptide can produce antipyresis independently, ACTH (1-24) was injected ICV in bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) rabbits made febrile by IV injections of leukocytic pyrogen (LP). ACTH (250 ng) given ICV reduced fever in these animals and had a slight hypothermic effect when given to the same rabbits when they were afebrile. Doses of 25-75 ng reduced fever without influencing normal body temperature. Intravenous injections of ACTH (2.5 micrograms) also lowered fever caused by IV LP in ADX rabbits. The present findings raise the possibility that release of endogenous central ACTH, and perhaps entry into the brain of circulating ACTH, the release of which is known to increase in fever, limits the magnitude of the febrile response by influencing central temperature controls.     

Effect of different East Coast Fever control strategies on fertility, milk production and weight gain of Sanga cattle in the Central Province of Zambia

Five different East Coast Fever (ECF) (Theileria parva infection) control strategies, based on tick control and/or ECF immunization, were tested in groups of traditionally managed Sanga cattle in the Central Province of Zambia over a period of 2.5 years. Two groups were kept under intensive tick control (sprayed weekly), one group immunized and one non-immunized. Two further groups were under no tick control, one group immunized and one non-immunized, while a fifth group was immunized against ECF and maintained under strategic tick control (18 sprays per year). Tick control increased milk production and weight gain but not fertility. Immunization had neither marked detrimental nor beneficial effects on the cattle productivity. The combination of strategic tick control and immunization resulted in the highest level of production and at the same time reduced the potential risk from other tick-borne diseases.     

Non-thermal signals govern selective brain cooling in pigs

We used implanted miniature data loggers and fine thermistors to measure arterial blood and brain temperatures in four female pigs, to a resolution of 0.04 °C, every 5 min, for 4 weeks. Within that period, pigs were exposed on different days, and in random order, to a cold (5 °C) or hot (38 °C) environment. In the thermoneutral environment of the pigs' home pens, brain temperature was usually lower than blood temperature. Such selective brain cooling was absent for 2 days after surgery, during handling and transport stress, and on waking. The magnitude of selective brain cooling was greatest when pigs were sleeping and body temperatures were low, and was smallest, or even absent, during hyperthermia and natural fever. Our results showed that selective brain cooling was present in pigs, but there was no clear relationship between blood temperature and the magnitude of selective brain cooling. Instead, the degree of selective brain cooling in pigs was governed by non-thermal factors, especially those associated with high sympathetic nervous system activity. Our results further support the concept that selective brain cooling does not serve to protect the brain from thermal damage during heat stress. Accepted: 14 September 1999     

Peripheral TNFalpha, but not peripheral IL-1, requires endogenous IL-1 or TNFalpha induction in the brain for the febrile response

It is known that peripherally administered IL-1 and TNFα induce fever through mechanisms involving prostaglandin (PG)E₂. In this report, we compared the signaling cascade induced in the brain by TNFα and IL-1. Peripheral administration of TNFα-induced enhanced fever in IL-1 Receptor antagonist KO mice, suggesting that IL-1 is involved in the TNFα mediated fever. IL-1α, but not TNFα, induced fever in IL-1α/β/TNFα KO mice, although central administration of TNFα-induced fever. Only IL-1α, but not TNFα, induced IL-6 in the IL-1α/β/TNFα KO mouse brain, while both cytokines induced cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2. Icv administration of PGE₂ induced only transient fever in contrast to the TNFα- or IL-1α-induced fever that lasted longer. Taken together, either IL-1 or TNFα induction in the brain is required for the response induced by TNFα but not by IL-1α, and that both Cox-2 and IL-6 induction are required for prolonged febrile response against these cytokines.     

HFRS患者特异性IgA,IgE抗体及其免疫复合物测定

为进一步研究ＨＦＲＳ免疫损伤机制,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法同步测定了１０８例不同临床型、不同病日、病期ＨＦＲＳ患者血清中特异性ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＥ抗体以及ＨＦＲＳ病毒特异性ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＥ型ＣＩＣ的水平及检出率。发现ＨＦＲＳＩｇＡ型抗体在轻型病例高于中、重型病例;ＨＦＲＳＩｇＥ型抗体及ＩｇＥ型ＣＩＣ在重型病例高于中、轻型病例。上述差异在病程早期（发热、休克少尿期,或是３～８病日）尤为突出。ＩｇＡ型ＣＩＣ则未见到上述差异。     

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome complicated by orchitis

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a disease caused by viruses of the family Bunyaviridae,genus Hantavirus.HFRS from Dobrava virus (DOBV) is a seldom reported disease in Albania.Clinically HFRS is manifested as mild,moderate,or severe.Therefore,the number of cases of Hantavirus'infection may be underestimated,and should be included in the differential diagnosis of many acute infections,hematologic diseases,acute abdominal diseases and renal diseases complicated by acute renal failure.We report here an atypical presentation of HFRS from Dobrava virus complicated by orchitis with a positive outcome.