裂谷热病毒囊膜蛋白基因DNA免疫的研究

分别将裂谷热病毒(Rift Valley Fever Virus,RVFV)囊膜糖蛋白GN、GC和G(N C)基因亚克隆至真核表达载体pCAGGS多克隆位点鸡β-actin转录启动子下游,分别构成pCAGG-RVFV-GN、pCAGG-RVFV-GC和pCAGG-RVFV-G(N C)。免疫沉淀试验结果表明,重组RVFV蛋白GN、GC分别在pCAGG-RVFV-GN、pCAGG-RVFV-G(N C)转染HeLa细胞中获得表达,并具有良好免疫反应性。pCAGG-RVFV-GN、pCAGG-RVFV-GC和pCAGG-RVFV-G(N C)质粒DNA混合物按100μg/只剂量肌肉注射免疫6周龄BALB/c小鼠。每隔4周用相同的剂量加强免疫,第二次加强免疫3周后采血、分离血清备用。分别以杆状病毒表达RVFV囊膜蛋白GN、GC制备的抗原液包被ELISA板,间接ELISA检测DNA免疫鼠血清中RVFV囊膜蛋白G(N C)特异性抗体,具有良好的敏感性和特异性。另外,DNA免疫鼠血清中的特异抗体可有效中和RVFV囊膜蛋白G(N C)介导的伪型VSV重组病毒侵入RVFV易感宿主细胞的感染性。结果表明,pCAGG-RVFV-GN、pCAGG-RVFV-GC和pCAGG-RVFV-G(N C)质粒DNA混合物作为DNA疫苗具有防制裂谷热的潜力。     

常用大鼠发热模型研究

目的探讨干酵母、2,4-二硝基酚、脂多糖（LPS）、细菌内毒素引起SD大鼠实验性发热的过程和特点,比较不同浓度外致热原对大鼠发热过程的影响。方法建立大鼠干酵母（2 g/kg、1 g/kg）、2,4-二硝基酚（30mg/kg、15 mg/kg）、LPS（100μg/kg、20μg/kg）、细菌内毒素（120 EU/kg、60 EU/kg）发热模型,记录不同时间点大鼠升温值,绘制各模型平均升温曲线,比较不同大鼠发热模型的发热特点。结果皮下注射干酵母混悬液,注射后2～3 h开始升温,6～7 h达峰值,升温持续20 h;皮下注射2,4-二硝基酚溶液,注射后20 min开始升温,1～1.5 h达峰值,升温持续3～5 h;腹腔注射LPS、细菌内毒素,注射后30 min开始升温,此后升温曲线表现为双相热或三相热,升温持续5～8 h。结论不同外致热原所致SD大鼠发热的过程和特点不同;外致热原浓度不同,所致大鼠发热过程和特点不同。解热试验中,应根据受试药物本身特点选用合适的大鼠发热模型。     

Enhanced expression of Plasmodium falciparum heat shock protein PFHSP70-I at higher temperatures and parasite survival

Abstract The effect of various body temperatures, encountered during malaria fever, on the synthesis of Plasmodium falciparum heat-shock protein called PFHSP70-I and parasite growth rates among five different isolates are described. The results show that after the exposure of parasites at 39°C for 30 min the amount of PFHSP70-I in all five isolates increased markedly and significantly, whereas parasite growth rates and the amount of total blood stage antigens remained almost unaffected. This indicates that the PFHSP70-I gene responds to heat-shock by producing higher amounts of PFHSP70-I protein, presumably to protect the parasite from being killed during malaria fever.     

上尿路结石患者行经皮肾镜手术术后发热的影响因素研究

目的:探讨经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗上尿路结石术后发热的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析在我院行经PCNL治疗的89例上尿路结石患者的病例资料,分别对患者的性别、年龄、术前肾积水的程度、结石的大小、尿培养的结果、手术持续的时间以及术中灌注液等情况进行分析,探讨其与PCNL术后发生发热的相关性。结果:本组资料中,发热(38℃)人数为19人,占21.3%。其中,术前尿培养阳性、结石直径大于3 cm、合并中度及中度以上肾积水、手术持续时间长、灌注液用量多的上尿路结石患者PCNL术后发热的几率明显升高(P0.05)。而年龄、性别与上尿路结石患者PCNL术后发热的几率无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:术前预防性应用广谱抗生素、术中低压灌注、缩短手术时间、术前穿刺引流等都是预防上尿路结石患者PCNL术后发生发热的有效措施。     

α-MSH injected into the septal region reduces fever in rabbits

In previous research the concentration of α-MSH within the septal region of rabbits increased with fever. This finding raises the possibility that the septal concentration of this peptide, which reduces fever when given both peripherally and intracerebroventricularly, is important to limitation of fever. To test this idea, rabbits with cannulas in the septal region were made febrile by IV injections of leukocytic pyrogen (LP). Injection of α-MSH (1 μg bilaterally) into the septal region did reduce fever, consistent with the idea that the increase in septal α-MSH concentration which occurs naturally in fever limits the febrile response. We also noted late rises in body temperature when experimental and control septal injections were given close together in time. These increases in temperature were similar to those known to occur after injections into the primary temperature control in the PO/AH region. This commonality further strengthens the possibility that septal neurons are important to central modulation of body temperature.     

East Coast Fever of Cattle: 60Co Irradiation of Infective Particles of Theileria parva

SYNOPSIS. Infective particles (IPs) of Theileria parva , the causative organism of East Coast Fever of cattle, were harvested from the tick vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus , using an in vitro feeding technic. In a ranging experiment, pairs of cattle were inoculated with aliquots of suspensions of IPs irradiated at doses of 4–137.6 krad. Doses of irradiation in excess of 8 krad appeared to destroy the parasite. In the 2nd and 3rd experiments, groups of 5 cattle were inoculated with aliquots of suspensions containing low and high concentrations of IPs respectively, irradiated at doses of 4–32 krad. In the 2nd experiment, doses of irradiation in excess of 10 krad appeared to destroy the parasite. In the 3rd experiment, at least 1 animal became infected when inoculated with an aliquot of a suspension irradiated at 16 krad. In all experiments, it appeared that increasing doses of irradiation destroyed increasing numbers of IPs. There was no conclusive evidence that IPs which survived irradiation were attenuated, and it appears that vaccination of cattle against ECF is unlikely to be achieved by inoculation of irradiated IPs using the methods described.     

内毒素法兔发热动物模型及其标准化的研究

目的探讨不同剂量的大肠埃希菌内毒素(LPS),实验室的温湿度、动物的固定方法和动物的生理机能状态对兔发热反应的影响.方法实验在能控制温湿度的实验室内进行,静脉注射不同剂量(0.5?ng/kg\,2?ng/kg\,20?ng/kg\,100?ng/kg\,200?ng/kg\,2000?ng/kg)大肠埃希菌内毒素(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱发兔发热反应.结果随LPS注射剂量的增加兔发热反应增强.表现在发热潜伏期逐渐缩短;发热高峰值逐渐增加;发热时程逐渐延长;体温反应指数逐渐加大.另外LPS注射剂量不同,动物发热曲线的峰型亦不相同,小剂量LPS(0.5?ng/kg及2?ng/kg)可诱发单峰型发热反应;用量增加到20?ng/kg以上时,呈双峰型发热反应.静脉注射剂量为100～200?ng/kg时兔发热反应呈典型的双峰热,且发热反应均一,是造模的适宜剂量.实验结果证明实验室的温度为25℃左右动物以颈部固定方法为宜.     

Identification of Multifaceted Binding Modes for Pyrin and ASC Pyrin Domains Gives Insights into Pyrin Inflammasome Assembly

Inflammasomes are macromolecular complexes that mediate inflammatory and cell death responses to pathogens and cellular stress signals. Dysregulated inflammasome activation is associated with autoinflammatory syndromes and several common diseases. During inflammasome assembly, oligomerized cytosolic pattern recognition receptors recruit procaspase-1 and procaspase-8 via the adaptor protein ASC. Inflammasome assembly is mediated by pyrin domains (PYDs) and caspase recruitment domains, which are protein interaction domains of the death fold superfamily. However, the molecular details of their interactions are poorly understood. We have studied the interaction between ASC and pyrin PYDs that mediates ASC recruitment to the pyrin inflammasome, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of familial Mediterranean fever. We demonstrate that both the ASC and pyrin PYDs have multifaceted binding modes, involving three sites on pyrin PYD and two sites on ASC PYD. Molecular docking of pyrin-ASC PYD complexes showed that pyrin PYD can simultaneously interact with up to three ASC PYDs. Furthermore, ASC PYD can self-associate and interact with pyrin, consistent with previous reports that pyrin promotes ASC clustering to form a proinflammatory complex. Finally, the effects of familial Mediterranean fever-associated mutations, R42W and A89T, on structural and functional properties of pyrin PYD were investigated. The R42W mutation had a significant effect on structure and increased stability. Although the R42W mutant exhibited reduced interaction with ASC, it also bound less to the pyrin B-box domain responsible for autoinhibition and hence may be constitutively active. Our data give new insights into the binding modes of PYDs and inflammasome architecture.     

Intracerebroventricular and septal injections of arginine vasopressin are not antipyretic in the rabbit

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been reported to have an antipyretic effect in the ewe and guinea pig near term. Perfusions with AVP of sites in the septal region also reduced fever in non-pregnant sheep. In the present experiments adult rabbits with third cerebral ventricular or septal cannulas were restrained in a 23°C environment, and rectal temperature was recorded every 10 min. Fever induced by IV administration of leukocytic pyrogen was not reduced by AVP (25–100 ng) given intraventricularly 20 min later. Doses of 1–5 μg AVP injected into the septum likewise were not antipyretic but actually caused an increase in fever. This augmentation of the febrile response is consistent with results of previous studies in this laboratory in which AVP increased hyperthermia in a hot environment and enhanced hyperthermic responses to PGE₂. The data from these experiments provide no evidence that central AVP is an endogenous antipyretic in rabbits; rather, it may be that central AVP augments fever in this species.     

Histopathology of Porcine kobuvirus in Chinese piglets

<正>Dear Editor,Kobuvirus,classified as a new genus within the Picornaviridae family in 1999,is a non-enveloped virus with single-stranded,positive-sense genomic RNA(Pringle,1999).This genus contains 3 species currently recoganized:Aichivirus A(Ai V),Aichivirus B(BKo V),and Aichivirus C(PKo V).PKo V was first detected in fecal